这几天看见个题目：有两台服务器，其中一台部署apache+php+nginx+discuz，另外一台单独跑mysql数据库，其中nginx监听80端口，负责跑静态网页，apache监听88端口，负责跑动态网页（php相关）并且由nginx代理。最后在A设备上安装一个mysql数据库与B设备上的数据库构成mysql主从架构。
实验环境：
1、VMware Workstation 10
2、真机IP：192.168.0.113
2、设备A：nginx+apache+php+discuz+mysql，IP地址：192.168.145.133，host：master1
3、设备B：
mysql，IP地址 192.168.145.134，host：master2
4、Linux发行版：Centos 6.5 x86_64；
5、nginx：nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
6、apache：httpd-2.2.27.tar.bz2
7、php：php-5.6.12.tar.bz2
8、mysql：mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz（B设备master）
mysql-5.1.73-linux-x86_64-glibc23.tar.gz（A设备slave）
9、discuz：Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip
实验步骤：
1、在B设备上安装mysql数据库
tar zxvf /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql cd /usr/local/mysql mkdir -p /data/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql #数据库初始化 cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf #拷贝数据库配置文件 cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld #拷贝数据库启动脚本 chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld vim /etc/init.d/mysqld #修改datadir=/usr/local/mysql chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on service mysqld start mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot #登陆数据库 >create database discuz； #创建discuz库 >grant all on discuz.* to ‘xaioyuan‘@‘192.168.145.133‘ identified by ‘123456‘; #这条语句是授权ip为192.168.145.133的xiaoyuan用户可以访问discuz库，访问密码为123456 >quit #退出数据库
2、在设备A上安装apache
tar jxvf /usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.27.tar.bz2 cd /usr/loca/src/httpd-2.2.27 ./configure \--prefix=/usr/local/apache2 \--with-included-apr \--enable-so --enable-deflate=shared \--enable-expires=shared \--enable-rewrite=shared make & make install cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd #拷贝apache的启动脚本 vim /etc/init.d/httpd 在第一行#!/bin/sh下增加两行文字 # chkconfig: 35 70 30 # description: Apache 保存退出 chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
3、在设备A上安装php
tar zxf /usr/local/src/php-5.6.12.tar.gz cd php-5.6.12 ./configure \--prefix=/usr/local/php \--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \--with-mysql=mysqlnd \--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \--with-libxml-dir \--with-gd \--with-jpeg-dir \--with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \--with-iconv-dir \--with-zlib-dir \--with-bz2 \--with-openssl --with-mcrypt \--enable-soap \--enable-gd-native-ttf \--enable-mbstring \--enable-sockets --enable-exif \--disable-ipv6 #在编译php的时候如果遇到反复报错，则应该观察编译选项是否在不该出现空格的时候出现了空格，如： “\--with-mysql=mysqlnd \--with-mysqli=mysqlnd”写成了“\--with-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with -mysqli=mysqlnd”。 make && make install cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.12/php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
4、配置apache与php关联
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 找到：AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz 在其下面添加：AddType application/x-httpd-php .php 找到: <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html /IfModule> 将其改为： <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php </IfModule> 找到:#ServerName www.example.com:80 修改为:ServerName localhost:88 找到:listen:80 修改为:listen:88 找到： <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all </Directory> 改为： <Directory /> Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Allow from all </Directory> 找到：#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf 把最前面的#去掉 查看是否存在modules/libphp5.so vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf #打开apache虚拟主机配置文件在最后添加： <VirtualHost *:88> DocumentRoot "/date/discuz/" ServerName bbs.xiaoyua.com ErrorLog "logs/bbs.xiaoyuan.com-error_log" CustomLog "logs/bbs.xiaoyuan.com-access_log" common </VirtualHost> service httpd -t (检查错误) service httpd graceful(加载配置) 查看httpd的运行情况 netstat -lnp | grep httpd
5、在设备A上安装nginx
tar zxvf /usr/local/src/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-pcre
make & make instal
vim /etc/init.d/nginx #编写启动脚本：
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings
NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
reload(){
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
return $RETVAL
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
configtest(){
$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
restart
;;
configtest)
configtest
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL
将nginx服务启动：
chmod a+x /etc/init.d/nginx
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf #编写nginx的配置文件：
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 6000;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]‘
‘$host "$request_uri" $status‘
‘"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"‘;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 30;
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
connection_pool_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
request_pool_size 4k;
output_buffers 4 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
tcp_nodelay on;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_comp_level 5;
gzip_http_version 1.1;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;
include /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf;
mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts #创建nginx虚拟主机
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/bbs.conf ##配置nginx虚拟主机（discuz）
server
{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.chinaops.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /date/bbs;
#限制user_agent
if ($http_user_agent ~ ‘bingbot/2.0|MJ12bot/v1.4.2|Spider/3.0|YoudaoBot|
Tomato|Gecko/20100315‘){
return 403;
}
location ~ admin.php {
allow 192.168.0.113; ##只允许真机访问admin.php
deny all;
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
#代理apache
location ~ \.php$ {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
#设置静态缓存
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 24h;
access_log off;
}
#设置防盗链
location ~* ^.+\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip|doc|pdf|gz|bz2|jpeg|bmp|xls)$ {
expires 7d;
valid_referers none blocked server_names *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com ;
if ($invalid_referer) {
return 403;
#rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/nophoto.gif;
}
access_log off;
}
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last;
access_log /home/logs/discuz.log combined_realip;
}5、在设备A上安装discuz
mkdir /data/discuz cd /data/discuz wget unzip Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip mv upload/* . 在浏览器中输入：bbs.xiaoyuan.com/install cd /data/bbs chown -R daemon.daemon config/ data/ uc_client/data/ uc_server/data/ 按照提示的安装步骤安装即可。
6、搭建mysql主从
# B机器的mysql为master，A机器上的mysql为slave 配置master： vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf #修改或添加： server-id=1 log-bin=mysql-bin 两个可选参数（2选1）： binlog-do-db=discuz #需要同步的库 binlog-ignore-db=db1,db2 #忽略不同步的库 修改配置文件后，重启mysql mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot #登陆mysql数据库 >grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@‘192.168.145.133‘ identified by ‘123123‘; # 授权slave可以访问master >flush tables with read lock; >show master status; # 会用到前两列的内容 安装（和master步骤相同）和配置slave： vim /etc/my.cnf #修改或增加 server-id = 2 #这个数值不能和主一样 两个可选参数（2选1）： replicate-do-db=discuz #需要同步的库 replicate-ignore-db=db1,db2 #忽略不同步的库 mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot #登陆mysql数据库 slave stop; change master to master_host=‘192.168.145.134‘, master_port=3306, master_user=‘repl‘, master_password=‘123123‘, master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000006‘, master_log_pos=474952; slave start; 主上： mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql2.sock -p123456 -e "unlock tables" 从上查看从的状态：show slave status\G 当看到 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: discuz 则表示mysql主从搭建成功。更进一步的验证方法是在master的discuz库里创建一个表，然后去slave 查看此表是否出现在slave的discuz库。
总结：nginx处理静态文件能力很强，apache处理动态文件的能力不错而且很稳定，把二者综合起来效果会更好。
在刚拿到题目时我有一个困惑：我们平时搭建lnmp和lamp时编译php时都会直接指定mysql的路径，将php和mysql直接关联起来，而这次php和mysql不在同一台机器上，这该怎么办呢？
随后通过查资料打消了我的疑虑：原来从mysql5.3.0以后就有了mysqlnd驱动，编译php时直接加上mysqlnd就可以关联php和mysql了。
在搭建mysql主从时，由于master和slave采用的不同版本，导致在操作环境中一直报错：Slave can not handle replication events with the checksum that master is configured to log。这个错误一般出现在master5.6,slave在低版本的情况下。这是由于5.6使用了crc32做binlog的checksum。
解决方法：
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.conf #打开master的配置文件 在最后一行添加： binlog-checksum = none
原文地址：http://swuhuhao.blog.51cto.com/11414214/1858666
