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最开始使用spring框架的时候,对于其配置文件xml,只是网上得知其使用方法,而不明其意。最近想着寻根问底的探究一下。以下是本文主要内容:
1、配置文件示例。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd "
- default-autowire="byName">
- </beans>
上 面是我们最常用的applicationContext.xml的配置文件的最开始部分,很多时候我们只是知道这些必须添加,但为什么,添加哪些都不甚清 楚。我们知道spring在启动的时候会验证 xml文档,这些引入的schema即用来验证配置文件的xml文档语法的正确性。下面先来看看如何验证xml文档验证的相关知识。
2、xml的schema约束
先来说说xml文档的schema约束,它定义了xml文档的结构,内容和语法,包括元素和属性、关系的结构以及数据类型等等。有以下几点需要遵循:
1) 、所有的标签和属性都需要Schema来定义。(schema本身由w3c来定义)。
2)、所有的schema文件都需要以个ID,这里我们称之为 namespace,其值时一个url,通常是这个xml的xsd文件的地址。
3)、namespace值由 targetNamespace属性来指定
4)、引入一个schema约束,使用属性xmlns,属性值即为对应schema文件的命名空间 nameSpace。
5)、如果引入的schema非w3c组织定义的,必须指定schema文件的位置,schema文件的位置由 schemaLocation来指定。
6)、引入多个schema文件需要使用 别名。别名形式如下: xmlns:alias。
3、对于上述配置文件的详细解读
1)、 声明默认的名称空间(xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans")
2)、
声明XML
Schema实例名称空间(http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance),并将xsi前缀与该名称空间绑定,
这样模式处理器就可以识别xsi:schemaLocation属性。XML Schema实例名称空间的前缀通常使用xsi
3)、 使
用xsi:schemaLocation属性指定名称空间(http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans)
和模式位置(http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd)相关。
XML
Schema推荐标准中指出,xsi:schemaLocation属性可以在实例中的任何元素上使用,而不一定是根元素,不
过,xsi:schemaLocation属性必须出现在它要验证的任何元素和属性之前。
4)、使用别名引入多个schema文件。如上述 xmlns:mvc 、xmlns:tx 、xmlns:context等等。
4、使用带版本号的xsd文件有何弊端?
首先来看看Spring是如何验证xml文档的。Spring默认在启动时是要加载XSD文件来验证xml文件的,所以如果有的时候断网了,或
者一些开源软件切换域名,那么就很容易碰到应用启动不了,为了防止这种情况,Spring提供了一种机制,默认从本地加载XSD文件。打开spring-
context-4.1.2.RELEASE.jar,可以看到里面有两个特别的文件:
spring.handlers如下:
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler
spring.schemas如下:
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-2.5.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd=org/springframework/ejb/config/spring-jee-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-2.5.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-4.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd=org/springframework/scripting/config/spring-lang-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-4.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd=org/springframework/scheduling/config/spring-task-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-3.2.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-4.0.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-4.1.xsd
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache-4.1.xsd
再打开jar包里的org/springframework/context/config/ 目录,可以看到下面有
很明显,可以想到Spring是把XSD文件放到本地了,再在spring.schemas里做了一个映射,优先从本地里加载XSD文件。并且
Spring很贴心,把旧版本的XSD文件也全放了。这样可以防止升级了Spring版本,而配置文件里用的还是旧版本的XSD文件,然后断网了,应用启
动不了。
从上述xml文档中可以看出,当没有配置版本号时,使用的即当前版本的xml schema文档。
- http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-4.1.xsd
上述即为对spring配置文档中的xml 文档验证的一部分说明,也是我在学习过程中所忽略的部分。文中有参考一些视频教程还有一篇博文 为什么在Spring的配置里,最好不要配置xsd文件的版本号。
关于Spring配置文件xml文档的schema约束
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/justfuck/p/5930773.html