编写PHP框架，深入了解MVC运行流程

<?php

// 初始化常量
defined(‘FRAME_PATH‘) or define(‘FRAME_PATH‘, __DIR__.‘/‘);
defined(‘APP_PATH‘) or define(‘APP_PATH‘, dirname($_SERVER[‘SCRIPT_FILENAME‘]).‘/‘);
defined(‘APP_DEBUG‘) or define(‘APP_DEBUG‘, false);
defined(‘CONFIG_PATH‘) or define(‘CONFIG_PATH‘, APP_PATH.‘config/‘);
defined(‘RUNTIME_PATH‘) or define(‘RUNTIME_PATH‘, APP_PATH.‘runtime/‘);

// 包含配置文件
require APP_PATH . ‘config/config.php‘;

//包含核心框架类
require FRAME_PATH . ‘Core.php‘;

// 实例化核心类
$fast = new Core;
$fast->run();

<?php
/**
 * FastPHP核心框架
 */
class Core
{
    // 运行程序
    function run()
    {
        spl_autoload_register(array($this, ‘loadClass‘));
        $this->setReporting();
        $this->removeMagicQuotes();
        $this->unregisterGlobals();
        $this->Route();
    }

    // 路由处理
    function Route()
    {
        $controllerName = ‘Index‘;
        $action = ‘index‘;

        if (!empty($_GET[‘url‘])) {
            $url = $_GET[‘url‘];
            $urlArray = explode(‘/‘, $url);
            
            // 获取控制器名
            $controllerName = ucfirst($urlArray[0]);
            
            // 获取动作名
            array_shift($urlArray);
            $action = empty($urlArray[0]) ? ‘index‘ : $urlArray[0];
            
            //获取URL参数
            array_shift($urlArray);
            $queryString = empty($urlArray) ? array() : $urlArray;
        }

        // 数据为空的处理
        $queryString  = empty($queryString) ? array() : $queryString;

        // 实例化控制器
        $controller = $controllerName . ‘Controller‘;
        $dispatch = new $controller($controllerName, $action);

        // 如果控制器存和动作存在，这调用并传入URL参数
        if ((int)method_exists($controller, $action)) {
            call_user_func_array(array($dispatch, $action), $queryString);
        } else {
            exit($controller . "控制器不存在");
        }
    }

    // 检测开发环境
    function setReporting()
    {
        if (APP_DEBUG === true) {
            error_reporting(E_ALL);
            ini_set(‘display_errors‘,‘On‘);
        } else {
            error_reporting(E_ALL);
            ini_set(‘display_errors‘,‘Off‘);
            ini_set(‘log_errors‘, ‘On‘);
            ini_set(‘error_log‘, RUNTIME_PATH. ‘logs/error.log‘);
        }
    }

    // 删除敏感字符
    function stripSlashesDeep($value)
    {
        $value = is_array($value) ? array_map(‘stripSlashesDeep‘, $value) : stripslashes($value);
        return $value;
    }

    // 检测敏感字符并删除
    function removeMagicQuotes()
    {
        if ( get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
            $_GET = stripSlashesDeep($_GET );
            $_POST = stripSlashesDeep($_POST );
            $_COOKIE = stripSlashesDeep($_COOKIE);
            $_SESSION = stripSlashesDeep($_SESSION);
        }
    }

    // 检测自定义全局变量（register globals）并移除
    function unregisterGlobals()
    {
        if (ini_get(‘register_globals‘)) {
            $array = array(‘_SESSION‘, ‘_POST‘, ‘_GET‘, ‘_COOKIE‘, ‘_REQUEST‘, ‘_SERVER‘, ‘_ENV‘, ‘_FILES‘);
           foreach ($array as $value) {
                foreach ($GLOBALS[$value] as $key => $var) {
                    if ($var === $GLOBALS[$key]) {
                        unset($GLOBALS[$key]);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 自动加载控制器和模型类 
    static function loadClass($class)
    {
        $frameworks = FRAME_PATH . $class . ‘.class.php‘;
        $controllers = APP_PATH . ‘application/controllers/‘ . $class . ‘.class.php‘;
        $models = APP_PATH . ‘application/models/‘ . $class . ‘.class.php‘;

        if (file_exists($frameworks)) {
            // 加载框架核心类
            include $frameworks;
        } elseif (file_exists($controllers)) {
            // 加载应用控制器类
            include $controllers;
        } elseif (file_exists($models)) {
            //加载应用模型类
            include $models;
        } else {
            /* 错误代码 */
        }
    }
}

<?php 
/**
 * 控制器基类
 */
class Controller
{
    protected $_controller;
    protected $_action;
    protected $_view;
 
    // 构造函数，初始化属性，并实例化对应模型
    function __construct($controller, $action)
    {
        $this->_controller = $controller;
        $this->_action = $action;
        $this->_view = new View($controller, $action);
    }

    // 分配变量
    function assign($name, $value)
    {
        $this->_view->assign($name, $value);
    }

    // 渲染视图
    function __destruct()
    {
        $this->_view->render();
    }
}

<?php

class Model extends Sql
{
    protected $_model;
    protected $_table;
 
    function __construct()
    {
        // 连接数据库
        $this->connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
        
        // 获取模型名称
        $this->_model = get_class($this);
        $this->_model = rtrim($this->_model, ‘Model‘);
        
        // 数据库表名与类名一致
        $this->_table = strtolower($this->_model);
    }
 
    function __destruct()
    {
    }
}

<?php 

class Sql
{
    protected $_dbHandle;
    protected $_result;

    // 连接数据库
    public function connect($host, $user, $pass, $dbname)
    {
        try {
            $dsn = sprintf("mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;charset=utf8", $host, $dbname);
            $this->_dbHandle = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass, array(PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            exit(‘错误: ‘ . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    // 查询所有
    public function selectAll()
    {
        $sql = sprintf("select * from `%s`", $this->_table);
        $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->fetchAll();
    }

    // 根据条件 (id) 查询
    public function select($id)
    {
        $sql = sprintf("select * from `%s` where `id` = ‘%s‘", $this->_table, $id);
        $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
        $sth->execute();
        
        return $sth->fetch();
    }

    // 根据条件 (id) 删除
    public function delete($id)
    {
        $sql = sprintf("delete from `%s` where `id` = ‘%s‘", $this->_table, $id);
        $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->rowCount();
    }

    // 自定义SQL查询，返回影响的行数
    public function query($sql)
    {
        $sth = $this->_dbHandle->prepare($sql);
        $sth->execute();

        return $sth->rowCount();
    }

    // 新增数据
    public function add($data)
    {
        $sql = sprintf("insert into `%s` %s", $this->_table, $this->formatInsert($data));

        return $this->query($sql);
    }

    // 修改数据
    public function update($id, $data)
    {
        $sql = sprintf("update `%s` set %s where `id` = ‘%s‘", $this->_table, $this->formatUpdate($data), $id);

        return $this->query($sql);
    }

    // 将数组转换成插入格式的sql语句
    private function formatInsert($data)
    {
        $fields = array();
        $values = array();
        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            $fields[] = sprintf("`%s`", $key);
            $values[] = sprintf("‘%s‘", $value);
        }

        $field = implode(‘,‘, $fields);
        $value = implode(‘,‘, $values);

        return sprintf("(%s) values (%s)", $field, $value);
    }

    // 将数组转换成更新格式的sql语句
    private function formatUpdate($data)
    {
        $fields = array();
        foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
            $fields[] = sprintf("`%s` = ‘%s‘", $key, $value);
        }

        return implode(‘,‘, $fields);
    }
}

<?php
/**
 * 视图基类
 */
class View
{
    protected $variables = array();
    protected $_controller;
    protected $_action;

    function __construct($controller, $action)
    {
        $this->_controller = $controller;
        $this->_action = $action;
    }
 
    /** 分配变量 **/
    function assign($name, $value)
    {
        $this->variables[$name] = $value;
    }
 
    /** 渲染显示 **/
    function render()
    {
        extract($this->variables);
        $defaultHeader = APP_PATH . ‘application/views/header.php‘;
        $defaultFooter = APP_PATH . ‘application/views/footer.php‘;
        $controllerHeader = APP_PATH . ‘application/views/‘ . $this->_controller . ‘/header.php‘;
        $controllerFooter = APP_PATH . ‘application/views/‘ . $this->_controller . ‘/footer.php‘;
        
        // 页头文件
        if (file_exists($controllerHeader)) {
            include ($controllerHeader);
        } else {
            include ($defaultHeader);
        }

        // 页内容文件
        include (APP_PATH . ‘application/views/‘ . $this->_controller . ‘/‘ . $this->_action . ‘.php‘);
        
        // 页脚文件
        if (file_exists($controllerFooter)) {
            include ($controllerFooter);
        } else {
            include ($defaultFooter);
        }
    }
}

<?php
 
class ItemController extends Controller
{
    // 首页方法，测试框架自定义DB查询
    public function index()
    {
        $items = (new ItemModel)->selectAll();

        $this->assign(‘title‘, ‘全部条目‘);
        $this->assign(‘items‘, $items);
    }
    
    // 添加记录，测试框架DB记录创建（Create）
    public function add()
    {
        $data[‘item_name‘] = $_POST[‘value‘];
        $count = (new ItemModel)->add($data);

        $this->assign(‘title‘, ‘添加成功‘);
        $this->assign(‘count‘, $count);
    }
    
    // 查看记录，测试框架DB记录读取（Read）
    public function view($id = null)
    {
        $item = (new ItemModel)->select($id);

        $this->assign(‘title‘, ‘正在查看‘ . $item[‘item_name‘]);
        $this->assign(‘item‘, $item);
    }
    
    // 更新记录，测试框架DB记录更新（Update）
    public function update()
    {
        $data = array(‘id‘ => $_POST[‘id‘], ‘item_name‘ => $_POST[‘value‘]);
        $count = (new ItemModel)->update($data[‘id‘], $data);

        $this->assign(‘title‘, ‘修改成功‘);
        $this->assign(‘count‘, $count);
    }
    
    // 删除记录，测试框架DB记录删除（Delete）
    public function delete($id = null)
    {
        $count = (new ItemModel)->delete($id);

        $this->assign(‘title‘, ‘删除成功‘);
        $this->assign(‘count‘, $count);
    }
}

<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title><?php echo $title ?></title>
    <style>
        .item {
            width:400px;
        }
 
        input {
            color:#222222;
            font-family:georgia,times;
            font-size:24px;
            font-weight:normal;
            line-height:1.2em;
            color:black;
        }
 
        a {
            color:blue;
            font-family:georgia,times;
            font-size:20px;
            font-weight:normal;
            line-height:1.2em;
            text-decoration:none;
         }
 
        a:hover {
            text-decoration:underline;
        }

        h1 {
            color:#000000;
            font-size:41px;
            letter-spacing:-2px;
            line-height:1em;
            font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;
            border-bottom:1px dotted #cccccc;
        }
 
        h2 {
            color:#000000;
            font-size:34px;
            letter-spacing:-2px;
            line-height:1em;
            font-family:helvetica,arial,sans-serif;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><?php echo $title ?></h1>

</body>
</html>

<form action="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/add" method="post">
    <input type="text" value="点击添加" onclick="this.value=‘‘" name="value">
    <input type="submit" value="添加">
</form>
<br/><br/>

<?php $number = 0?>
 
<?php foreach ($items as $item): ?>
    <a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/view/<?php echo $item[‘id‘] ?>" title="点击修改">
        <span class="item">
            <?php echo ++$number ?>
            <?php echo $item[‘item_name‘] ?>
        </span>
    </a>
    ----
    <a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/delete/<?php echo $item[‘id‘]?>">删除</a>
<br/>
<?php endforeach ?>

<a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/index">成功添加<?php echo $count ?>条记录，点击返回</a>

<form action="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/update" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="value" value="<?php echo $item[‘item_name‘] ?>">
    <input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $item[‘id‘] ?>">
    <input type="submit" value="修改">
</form>

<a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/index">返回</a>

<a class="big" href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/index">成功修改<?php echo $count ?>项，点击返回</a>

<a href="<?php echo APP_URL ?>/item/index">成功删除<?php echo $count ?>项，点击返回</a>