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【JAVA】通过HttpClient发送HTTP请求的方法

时间:2016-10-19 13:31:59      阅读:456      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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HttpClient介绍

  HttpClient 不是一个浏览器。它是一个客户端的 HTTP 通信实现库。HttpClient的目标是发 送和接收HTTP 报文。HttpClient不会去缓存内容,执行 嵌入在 HTML 页面中的javascript 代码,猜测内容类型,重新格式化请求/重定向URI,或者其它和 HTTP 运输无关的功能。

HttpClient使用

  •   使用需要引入jar包,maven项目引入如下:
     1         <dependency>
     2             <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
     3             <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
     4             <version>4.5</version>
     5         </dependency>
     6 
     7         <dependency>
     8             <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
     9             <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
    10             <version>4.4.4</version>
    11         </dependency>
    12 
    13         <dependency>
    14             <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    15             <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
    16             <version>4.5</version>
    17         </dependency>

     

  •   使用方法,代码如下:
      1 package com.test;
      2 
      3 import java.io.File;
      4 import java.io.IOException;
      5 import java.util.Iterator;
      6 import java.util.List;
      7 import java.util.Map;
      8 
      9 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
     10 import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
     11 import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
     12 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
     13 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
     14 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
     15 import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
     16 import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
     17 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
     18 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
     19 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
     20 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
     21 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
     22 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
     23 import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
     24 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
     25 
     26 /**
     27  * 
     28  * @author H__D
     29  * @date 2016年10月19日 上午11:27:25
     30  *
     31  */
     32 public class HttpClientUtil {
     33 
     34     // utf-8字符编码
     35     public static final String CHARSET_UTF_8 = "utf-8";
     36 
     37     // HTTP内容类型。
     38     public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_HTML = "text/xml";
     39 
     40     // HTTP内容类型。相当于form表单的形式,提交数据
     41     public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
     42 
     43     // HTTP内容类型。相当于form表单的形式,提交数据
     44     public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_JSON_URL = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
     45     
     46 
     47     // 连接管理器
     48     private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager pool;
     49 
     50     // 请求配置
     51     private static RequestConfig requestConfig;
     52 
     53     static {
     54         pool = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
     55         // 设置连接池的最大连接数
     56         pool.setMaxTotal(50);
     57         // 设置每个路由的最大连接数,默认是2
     58         pool.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(5);
     59 
     60         // 设置请求超时时间
     61         requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(50000).setConnectTimeout(50000)
     62                 .setConnectionRequestTimeout(50000).build();
     63     }
     64 
     65     public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
     66         // 从连接池中获取httpclient
     67         return HttpClientBuilder.create().setConnectionManager(pool).build();
     68     }
     69 
     70     /**
     71      * 发送Post请求
     72      * 
     73      * @param httpPost
     74      * @return
     75      */
     76     private static String sendHttpPost(HttpPost httpPost) {
     77 
     78         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
     79         CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
     80         // 响应内容
     81         String responseContent = null;
     82         try {
     83             // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
     84             httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
     85             // 配置请求信息
     86             httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
     87             // 执行请求
     88             response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
     89             // 得到响应实例
     90             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
     91 
     92             // 可以获得响应头
     93             // Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
     94             // for (Header header : headers) {
     95             // System.out.println(header.getName());
     96             // }
     97 
     98             // 得到响应类型
     99             // System.out.println(ContentType.getOrDefault(response.getEntity()).getMimeType());
    100 
    101             // 判断响应状态
    102             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() >= 300) {
    103                 throw new Exception(
    104                         "HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    105             }
    106 
    107             if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
    108                 responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, CHARSET_UTF_8);
    109             }
    110 
    111         } catch (Exception e) {
    112             e.printStackTrace();
    113         } finally {
    114             try {
    115                 // 关闭连接,释放资源
    116                 if (response != null) {
    117                     response.close();
    118                 }
    119                 if (httpClient != null) {
    120                     httpClient.close();
    121                 }
    122             } catch (IOException e) {
    123                 e.printStackTrace();
    124             }
    125         }
    126         return responseContent;
    127     }
    128 
    129     /**
    130      * 发送Get请求
    131      * 
    132      * @param httpGet
    133      * @return
    134      */
    135     private static String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
    136 
    137         CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
    138         CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
    139         // 响应内容
    140         String responseContent = null;
    141         try {
    142             // 创建默认的httpClient实例.
    143             httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    144             // 配置请求信息
    145             httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
    146             // 执行请求
    147             response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    148             // 得到响应实例
    149             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    150 
    151             // 可以获得响应头
    152             // Header[] headers = response.getHeaders(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
    153             // for (Header header : headers) {
    154             // System.out.println(header.getName());
    155             // }
    156 
    157             // 得到响应类型
    158             // System.out.println(ContentType.getOrDefault(response.getEntity()).getMimeType());
    159 
    160             // 判断响应状态
    161             if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() >= 300) {
    162                 throw new Exception(
    163                         "HTTP Request is not success, Response code is " + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
    164             }
    165 
    166             if (HttpStatus.SC_OK == response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()) {
    167                 responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, CHARSET_UTF_8);
    168             }
    169 
    170         } catch (Exception e) {
    171             e.printStackTrace();
    172         } finally {
    173             try {
    174                 // 关闭连接,释放资源
    175                 if (response != null) {
    176                     response.close();
    177                 }
    178                 if (httpClient != null) {
    179                     httpClient.close();
    180                 }
    181             } catch (IOException e) {
    182                 e.printStackTrace();
    183             }
    184         }
    185         return responseContent;
    186     }
    187     
    188     
    189     
    190     /**
    191      * 发送 post请求
    192      * 
    193      * @param httpUrl
    194      *            地址
    195      */
    196     public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl) {
    197         // 创建httpPost
    198         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
    199         return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
    200     }
    201 
    202     /**
    203      * 发送 get请求
    204      * 
    205      * @param httpUrl
    206      */
    207     public static String sendHttpGet(String httpUrl) {
    208         // 创建get请求
    209         HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(httpUrl);
    210         return sendHttpGet(httpGet);
    211     }
    212     
    213     
    214 
    215     /**
    216      * 发送 post请求(带文件)
    217      * 
    218      * @param httpUrl
    219      *            地址
    220      * @param maps
    221      *            参数
    222      * @param fileLists
    223      *            附件
    224      */
    225     public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps, List<File> fileLists) {
    226         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
    227         MultipartEntityBuilder meBuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
    228         if (maps != null) {
    229             for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
    230                 meBuilder.addPart(key, new StringBody(maps.get(key), ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN));
    231             }
    232         }
    233         if (fileLists != null) {
    234             for (File file : fileLists) {
    235                 FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
    236                 meBuilder.addPart("files", fileBody);
    237             }
    238         }
    239         HttpEntity reqEntity = meBuilder.build();
    240         httpPost.setEntity(reqEntity);
    241         return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
    242     }
    243 
    244     /**
    245      * 发送 post请求
    246      * 
    247      * @param httpUrl
    248      *            地址
    249      * @param params
    250      *            参数(格式:key1=value1&key2=value2)
    251      * 
    252      */
    253     public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, String params) {
    254         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
    255         try {
    256             // 设置参数
    257             if (params != null && params.trim().length() > 0) {
    258                 StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(params, "UTF-8");
    259                 stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_FORM_URL);
    260                 httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
    261             }
    262         } catch (Exception e) {
    263             e.printStackTrace();
    264         }
    265         return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
    266     }
    267 
    268     /**
    269      * 发送 post请求
    270      * 
    271      * @param maps
    272      *            参数
    273      */
    274     public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps) {
    275         String parem = convertStringParamter(maps);
    276         return sendHttpPost(httpUrl, parem);
    277     }
    278 
    279     
    280     
    281     
    282     /**
    283      * 发送 post请求 发送json数据
    284      * 
    285      * @param httpUrl
    286      *            地址
    287      * @param paramsJson
    288      *            参数(格式 json)
    289      * 
    290      */
    291     public static String sendHttpPostJson(String httpUrl, String paramsJson) {
    292         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
    293         try {
    294             // 设置参数
    295             if (paramsJson != null && paramsJson.trim().length() > 0) {
    296                 StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(paramsJson, "UTF-8");
    297                 stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_JSON_URL);
    298                 httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
    299             }
    300         } catch (Exception e) {
    301             e.printStackTrace();
    302         }
    303         return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
    304     }
    305     
    306     /**
    307      * 发送 post请求 发送xml数据
    308      * 
    309      * @param httpUrl   地址
    310      * @param paramsXml  参数(格式 Xml)
    311      * 
    312      */
    313     public static String sendHttpPostXml(String httpUrl, String paramsXml) {
    314         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
    315         try {
    316             // 设置参数
    317             if (paramsXml != null && paramsXml.trim().length() > 0) {
    318                 StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(paramsXml, "UTF-8");
    319                 stringEntity.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE_TEXT_HTML);
    320                 httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
    321             }
    322         } catch (Exception e) {
    323             e.printStackTrace();
    324         }
    325         return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
    326     }
    327     
    328 
    329     /**
    330      * 将map集合的键值对转化成:key1=value1&key2=value2 的形式
    331      * 
    332      * @param parameterMap
    333      *            需要转化的键值对集合
    334      * @return 字符串
    335      */
    336     public static String convertStringParamter(Map parameterMap) {
    337         StringBuffer parameterBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    338         if (parameterMap != null) {
    339             Iterator iterator = parameterMap.keySet().iterator();
    340             String key = null;
    341             String value = null;
    342             while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    343                 key = (String) iterator.next();
    344                 if (parameterMap.get(key) != null) {
    345                     value = (String) parameterMap.get(key);
    346                 } else {
    347                     value = "";
    348                 }
    349                 parameterBuffer.append(key).append("=").append(value);
    350                 if (iterator.hasNext()) {
    351                     parameterBuffer.append("&");
    352                 }
    353             }
    354         }
    355         return parameterBuffer.toString();
    356     }
    357 
    358     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    359 
    360         System.out.println(sendHttpGet("http://www.baidu.com"));
    361     }
    362 }

     

      

【JAVA】通过HttpClient发送HTTP请求的方法

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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/h--d/p/5976665.html

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