#python name is test.py
#-------------------------------
def func1():
    pass
def func2():
    pass
def func3():
    pass
def func4():
    func1()
    func2()
    func3()

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘
    #调用上面的函数，判断了、循环了调用等！
    #函数里也可以调用函数例子：def func4():

#__name__  这个是用来判断，如果你是把这个程序当模块导入的话他的__name__就等于这个程序的文件名，如果是手动执行这个脚本比如：python test.py  那么__name__ 就等于__main__所以，我们可以用他来做判断，如果你是手动执行我就运行我调函数执行if下面的语句，如果你是调用模块我下面的if判断后面的语句就不执行！仅当模块使用！
#如果函数当模块导入的时候，他导入的是函数的名称，内容没有被导入，当你去调用的时候他才去导入函数里的信息。

while True：
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接
  
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接
  
    if 内存占用 > 80%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接

def 发送邮件(内容)
    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接
  
while True：
  
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        发送邮件(‘CPU报警‘)
  
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        发送邮件(‘硬盘报警‘)
  
    if 内存占用 > 80%:

def 函数名(参数):
     
    ...
    函数体
    ...

def 发送短信():
     
    发送短信的代码...
 
    if 发送成功:
        return True
    else:
        return False
 
 
while True:
     
    # 每次执行发送短信函数，都会将返回值自动赋值给result
    # 之后，可以根据result来写日志，或重发等操作
 
    result = 发送短信()
    if result == False:
        记录日志，短信发送失败...

def CPU报警邮件()
    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接

def 硬盘报警邮件()
    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接

def 内存报警邮件()
    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接
 
while True：
 
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        CPU报警邮件（）
 
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        硬盘报警邮件（）
 
    if 内存占用 > 80%:
        内存报警邮件（）

def 发送邮件(邮件内容)

    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接

 
while True：
 
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        发送邮件("CPU报警了。")
 
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        发送邮件("硬盘报警了。")
 
    if 内存占用 > 80%:
        发送邮件("内存报警了。")

# ######### 定义函数 ######### 

# name 叫做函数func的形式参数，简称：形参
def func(name):
    print name

# ######### 执行函数 ######### 
#  ‘luotianshuai‘ 叫做函数func的实际参数，简称：实参
func(‘luotianshuai‘)

def func(name,shuai):
    print name,shuai
#func(‘luotianshuai‘)
func(‘luotianshuai‘)

#报错内容：TypeError: func() takes exactly 2 arguments (1 given)

def func(name, age = 18):
    
    print "%s:%s" %(name,age)

# 指定参数
func(‘luotianshuai‘, 19)
# 使用默认参数
func(‘luotianshuai‘)

def func(*args):
    print args

# 执行方式一
func(11,33,4,4454,5)
#输出结果：11,33,4,4454,5

# 执行方式二 
li = [11,2,2,3,3,4,54]
func(li)
#输出结果：([11,2,2,3,3,4,54]) 
#如果想输入的列表，不想让列表称谓元组里的仅一个元素而是让列表的元素成为元组的元素加*即可
func(*li)
#输出结果：(11,2,2,3,3,4,54)
#############################################################
1、接受多个参数
2、内部自动构造元组
3、序列，*，避免内部构造元组

def func(**kwargs):

    print args


# 执行方式一
func(name＝‘luotianshuai‘,age=18)

# 执行方式二
li = {‘name‘:‘luotianshuai‘, age:18, ‘gender‘:‘male‘}
func(**li)

def func(*args, **drgs):

    print args
    print dargs
#例子：
func(11,22,33,44,k1=‘luotianshuai‘,k2=‘shuaige‘)
(11, 22, 33, 44)
{‘k2‘: ‘shuaige‘, ‘k1‘: ‘luotianshuai‘}

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr

def email(message):
    msg = MIMEText("邮件报警测试", ‘plain‘, ‘utf-8‘)
    msg[‘From‘] = formataddr(["shuaige",‘shuaige@test.com‘]) #发件人和发件邮箱
    msg[‘To‘] = formataddr(["帅哥",‘451161316@qq.com‘])
    msg[‘Subject‘] = message  #这里我调用了参数

    server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.test.com", 25)
    server.login("shuaige@126.com", "pwdnq.buzhidao")
    server.sendmail(‘shuaige@126.com‘, [‘451161316@qq.com‘,], msg.as_string())
    server.quit()


if __name__ == u‘__main__‘:
    cpu = 100
    disk = 500
    ram = 50
    for i in range(1):
        if cpu > 90:
            alert = u‘CPU出问题了‘   #这里设置了一个变量
            email(alert)  #这里调用函数的时候引用了上面的变量，当执行函数的时候形参讲会被替换掉，message=‘CPU出问题了‘  发送邮件！
        if disk > 90:
            alert = u‘硬盘出问题了‘
            email(alert)
        if ram> 80:
            alert = u‘内存出问题了‘
            email(alert)

>>> li = [11,22,33,44]
>>> type(li)  #查看数据类型
<type ‘list‘>  
>>> dir(list)  #查看类型包含的那些方法
>>>help(list)  #查看类型中包含的方法的详细说明

def say():
    name = "tianshuai"
    print name
say()
 这个输出：
tianshuai  # 是没有问题的，那么看下下面的例子：

def say():
    name = "tianshuai"
    print name
say()
print name 
# 这个能不能调用呢，不能，会报错！函数的作用域就是在函数里定义的变量不能被外面使用！

name2 = "shuaige"
def say():
    name = "tianshuai"
    print name
    print name2
say()
输出结果：
tianshuai
shuaige

name2 = "shuaige"
def say():
    name = "tianshuai"
    name2 = "shuaige is shuaige"
    print name,name2
say()
print name2

#输出结果：
tianshuai shuaige is shuaige   #在函数内改变了
shuaige  #但是外面调用还是没有改变！

#但是我就想在函数内改掉这个变量怎么办呢？在函数内调用global参数！（提供这个功能，但是不建议用！你在局部变量改全局变量很容易引起混乱）
name2 = "shuaige"
def say():
    global name2
    name = "tianshuai"
    name2 = "shuaige is shuaige"
    print name,name2
say()
print name2

输出结果：
tianshuai shuaige is shuaige
shuaige is shuaige

def count():
    for i in range(1,10):
        if i = 5:
            return
        else:
            print i
    print "Hello World"   #所以当i=5的时候就直接跳出了函数了，这里是不会被打印出来了！不是循环！！！
count()

输出结果：
1
2
3
4

def count():
    name = "tianshuai"
    for i in range(1,10):
        if i == 5:
            print "hello"
        else:
            print i
    return name    #在这里加了一个return 
user = count()
if user == "tianshuai":   #然后判断，看下执行结果！
    print "oh shuaige is coming"  

执行结果：
1
2
3
4
hello
6
7
8
9
oh shuaige is coming   #这里看下！ 上面的判断执行了！所以return这个把name的值输出了！

文件句柄 = file(‘文件路径‘, ‘模式‘)
#python中打开文件有两种方式，即：open(...) 和  file(...) ，本质上前者在内部会调用后者来进行文件操作，推荐使用 open。3.0以后file方法讲被用做其他，open方法会自动的去帮你找他调用得方法在那里！

class file(object):
  
    def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        关闭文件
        """
        close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer.  Close the file.
         
        Sets data attribute .closed to True.  A closed file cannot be used for
        further I/O operations.  close() may be called more than once without
        error.  Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())
        may return an exit status upon closing.
        """
 
    def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        文件描述符  
         """
        fileno() -> integer "file descriptor".
         
        This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read().
        """
        return 0    
 
    def flush(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        刷新文件内部缓冲区
        """ flush() -> None.  Flush the internal I/O buffer. """
        pass
 
 
    def isatty(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        判断文件是否是同意tty设备
        """ isatty() -> true or false.  True if the file is connected to a tty device. """
        return False
 
 
    def next(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        获取下一行数据，不存在，则报错
        """ x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration """
        pass
 
    def read(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取指定字节数据
        """
        read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.
         
        If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.
        Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requested
        may be returned, even if no size parameter was given.
        """
        pass
 
    def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取到缓冲区，不要用，将被遗弃
        """ readinto() -> Undocumented.  Don‘t use this; it may go away. """
        pass
 
    def readline(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        仅读取一行数据
        """
        readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.
         
        Retain newline.  A non-negative size argument limits the maximum
        number of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).
        Return an empty string at EOF.
        """
        pass
 
    def readlines(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取所有数据，并根据换行保存值列表
        """
        readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.
         
        Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.
        The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on the
        total number of bytes in the lines returned.
        """
        return []
 
    def seek(self, offset, whence=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        指定文件中指针位置
        """
        seek(offset[, whence]) -> None.  Move to new file position.
         
        Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to
        0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1
        (move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (move
        relative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allow
        seeking beyond the end of a file).  If the file is opened in text mode,
        only offsets returned by tell() are legal.  Use of other offsets causes
        undefined behavior.
        Note that not all file objects are seekable.
        """
        pass
 
    def tell(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        获取当前指针位置
        """ tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer). """
        pass
 
    def truncate(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        截断数据，仅保留指定之前数据
        """
        truncate([size]) -> None.  Truncate the file to at most size bytes.
         
        Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
        """
        pass
 
    def write(self, p_str): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        写内容
        """
        write(str) -> None.  Write string str to file.
         
        Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed before
        the file on disk reflects the data written.
        """
        pass
 
    def writelines(self, sequence_of_strings): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        将一个字符串列表写入文件
        """
        writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None.  Write the strings to the file.
         
        Note that newlines are not added.  The sequence can be any iterable object
        producing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string.
        """
        pass
 
    def xreadlines(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        可用于逐行读取文件，非全部
        """
        xreadlines() -> returns self.
         
        For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performance
        optimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module.
        """
        pass

with open(‘log‘,‘r‘) as f:
     
    ...

with open(‘log1‘) as obj1, open(‘log2‘) as obj2:
    pass

with open(‘nginx.conf‘,‘r‘) as obj1,open(‘nginx.conf.new‘,‘w‘) as obj2:
    for i in obj1.readlines():
        i = i.strip()
        print i
        obj2.write(i)
        obj2.write(‘\n‘)

#读取nginx.conf每行然后存储到新的文件nginx.conf.new里！