### 新版keeplived + MySQL双主自动切换 ###
参考网址：
http://biancheng.dnbcw.info/mysql/381020.html
###一、网络结构 ###
VIP 10.125.141.249
mysq1m1 10.125.141.138 主1(相对而言是主库)
mysqlm2 192.168.88.131 主2(相对而言是备库)
### 二、主要步骤 ###
一 mysql 主主同步
二 安装keepalived
三 keepalived 主备配置文件
四 mysql状态检测脚本/root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
五 启动keepalived
六 测试
### 三、详细步骤 ###
#### 3.1、mysql双主搭建####
这里省略.....
说明：数据库testA和testB分别在mysqlm1和mysqlm2上，testDB是通过主主复制获得，便于后面的测试.
#### 3.2、kepplived安装配置 ####
3.2.1、如果之前已经安装过，这里可以清理一下环境。
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# find / -name "keepalived"
/usr/local/keepalived
/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived
/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived
/usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
/usr/sbin/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.2.7/bin/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.2.7/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.2.7/keepalived/etc/keepalived
/etc/keepalived
/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]#
rm -rf /usr/local/keepalived
rm -rf /usr/sbin/keepalived
rm -rf /gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.2.7
rm -rf /etc/keepalived
rm -rf /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /usr/sbin/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /usr/sbin/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.2.7
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /etc/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
3.2.2 下载并安装
http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# cd /gomeo2o/soft/
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 soft]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
--2016-12-08 15:20:33-- http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
Resolving www.keepalived.org... 37.59.63.157, 2001:41d0:8:7a9d::1
Connecting to www.keepalived.org|37.59.63.157|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 648434 (633K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: “keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz”
100%[=========================================================================================>] 648,434 22.8K/s in 24s
2016-12-08 15:20:58 (25.9 KB/s) - “keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz” saved [648434/648434]
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 soft]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 soft]# tar -zxf keepalived-1.3.2.tar.gz
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 soft]# cd keepalived-1.3.2
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 keepalived-1.3.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keeplived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# make && make install
3.2.3 查看keeplived位置
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 keepalived-1.3.2]# find / -name "keepalived"
/usr/local/keeplived/sbin/keepalived
/usr/local/keeplived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/usr/local/keeplived/etc/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/bin/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/keepalived
/gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 keepalived-1.3.2]#
3.2.4 复制文件
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /gomeo2o/soft/keepalived-1.3.2/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 keepalived-1.3.2]# cp /usr/local/keeplived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
3.2.5 修改配置文件
主备配置文件不同处有3处：分别是 state、 nopreempt、 priority 参考资料里有详细说明作用
10.125.141.138的配置如下：
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
liweiwei@gomeplus.com
}
notification_email_from liweiwei@gomeplus.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server mail.gomeplus.com
router_id MySQL-ha141
}
vrrp_script check_run {
script "/root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_sync_group 141138 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 249
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type pass
auth_pass 12345678
}
track_script {
check_run
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.125.141.249
}
}
10.125.141.139的配置如下：
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
liweiwei@gomeplus.com
}
notification_email_from liweiwei@gomeplus.com
smtp_connect_timeout 3
smtp_server mail.gomeplus.com
router_id MySQL-ha141
}
vrrp_script check_run {
script "/root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh"
interval 5
}
vrrp_sync_group 141138 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 249
priority 99
advert_int 1
# nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type pass
auth_pass 12345678
}
track_script {
check_run
}
virtual_ipaddress {
10.125.141.249
}
}
### 四、创建检测脚本 ###
由于mysql高版本在shell命令行中带密码的时候，会多出一行告警提示，导致检测失败。所以这里先创建一个利用配置文件登陆mysql的参数文件。
mysql> create user ‘chkuser‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ identified by ‘chkuser1234‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to ‘chkuser‘@‘127.0.0.1‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# cat /root/client.cnf
[client]
host=127.0.0.1
user=chkuser
password=chkuser1234
port=3306
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# vim /root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
MYSQL=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
CHECK_TIME=3
#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 1 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 0
MYSQL_OK=1
function check_mysql_helth (){
$MYSQL --defaults-file=/root/client.cnf -e "show status;" >/dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? = 0 ] ;then
MYSQL_OK=1
else
MYSQL_OK=0
fi
return $MYSQL_OK
}
while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ]
do
let "CHECK_TIME -= 1"
check_mysql_helth
if [ $MYSQL_OK = 1 ] ; then
CHECK_TIME=0
exit 0
fi
if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 0 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 0 ]
then
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
exit 1
fi
sleep 1
done
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# chmod +x /root/keepalived_check_mysql.sh
### 五、启动keeplaived服务 ###
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:b9:37:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.125.141.138/24 brd 10.125.141.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.125.141.249/32 scope global eth0
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
......
......
Dec 8 17:09:26 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:26 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:26 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[13359]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.125.141.249 added
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:09:31 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:13:09 bj02-ops-mgotest02 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=8695 PID=8697 SID=8649 UID=0 User=root ip add
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]#
### 六、测试 ###
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# mysql
mysql> create database testa;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database testb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testa |
| testb |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# mysql
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testa |
| testb |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
停止主库，测试。
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL (Percona Server)............. SUCCESS!
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:b9:37:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.125.141.138/24 brd 10.125.141.255 scope global eth0
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 8 17:23:15 bj02-ops-mgotest02 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=12914 PID=12916 SID=12873 UID=0 User=root >/var/log/messages
Dec 8 17:23:17 bj02-ops-mgotest02 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=12914 PID=12916 SID=12873 UID=0 User=root tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 8 17:23:20 bj02-ops-mgotest02 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=8695 PID=8697 SID=8649 UID=0 User=root /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Dec 8 17:23:23 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived[13358]: Stopping
Dec 8 17:23:23 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sent 0 priority
Dec 8 17:23:23 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 8 17:23:23 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[13359]: Stopped
Dec 8 17:23:24 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[13360]: Stopped
Dec 8 17:23:24 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived[13358]: Stopped Keepalived v1.3.2 (12/08,2016)
在原有的从库上查看。
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:b9:03:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.125.141.139/24 brd 10.125.141.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.125.141.249/32 scope global eth0
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 8 17:23:25 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:25 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:25 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_healthcheckers[21674]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.125.141.249 added
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
附加测试。修复原有的主库，停止现有的主库，看看能切换不?
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL (Percona Server).... SUCCESS!
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
Starting keepalived: [ OK ]
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# mysql
......
......
mysql> start slave ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)
mysql>
停止现有的主库。
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL (Percona Server)............... SUCCESS!
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:b9:03:58 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.125.141.139/24 brd 10.125.141.255 scope global eth0
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest03 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
......
......
Dec 8 17:23:30 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:24:36 bj02-ops-mgotest03 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=15262 PID=15264 SID=15217 UID=0 User=root ip add
Dec 8 17:28:00 bj02-ops-mgotest03 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=15262 PID=15264 SID=15217 UID=0 User=root /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Dec 8 17:28:03 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived[21673]: Stopping
Dec 8 17:28:03 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) sent 0 priority
Dec 8 17:28:03 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Dec 8 17:28:03 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_healthcheckers[21674]: Stopped
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived_vrrp[21675]: Stopped
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest03 Keepalived[21673]: Stopped Keepalived v1.3.2 (12/08,2016)
查看现在的主库。
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:b9:37:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.125.141.138/24 brd 10.125.141.255 scope global eth0
inet 10.125.141.249/32 scope global eth0
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 local]#
[root@bj02-ops-mgotest02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
Dec 8 17:26:54 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Script(check_run) succeeded
Dec 8 17:27:09 bj02-ops-mgotest02 -bash: HISTORY: PPID=8695 PID=8697 SID=8649 UID=0 User=root mysql
Dec 8 17:28:03 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:04 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_healthcheckers[15921]: Netlink reflector reports IP 10.125.141.249 added
Dec 8 17:28:09 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: Sending gratuitous ARP on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
Dec 8 17:28:09 bj02-ops-mgotest02 Keepalived_vrrp[15922]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 10.125.141.249
再次验证完毕。不过，这个是检测和切换时间的，所以，在高并发期间出现故障切换的话，可能会有数据丢失现象出现。对于中小企业，这种架构是可以放心使用的，个人认为。
本文出自 “bjx1101” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://lww2016.blog.51cto.com/3560553/1880863
原文地址：http://lww2016.blog.51cto.com/3560553/1880863
