C++ 基础知识

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 6 #define L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 class People {
10 public:
11     void sayHello();
12 };
13 
14 
15 #endif //L01OOP_PEOPLE_H

1 //
2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
3 //
4 
5 #include "People.h"
6 
7 void People::sayHello() {
8     printf("Hello CPP\n");
9 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "People.h"
 3 
 4 class P {
 5 public:
 6     void sayHello() {
 7         printf("Hello C++\n");
 8     }
 9 };
10 
11 int main() {
12 
13     P *p = new P();
14     p->sayHello();
15     delete p;
16 
17     People *people = new People();
18     people->sayHello();
19     delete people;
20 
21     return 0;
22 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 6 #define L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 
10 namespace CPP {
11     class People {
12     public:
13         void sayHello();
14     };
15 }
16 
17 
18 #endif //L01OOP_PEOPLE_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "People.h"
 6 
 7 namespace CPP {
 8     void People::sayHello() {
 9         printf("Hello CPP\n");
10     }
11 }

 1 #include "People.h"
 2 
 3 using namespace CPP;
 4 
 5 int main() {
 6 
 7     People *p = new People();
 8     p->sayHello();
 9     delete (p);
10 
11     return 0;
12 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 6 #define L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 
10 class People {
11 private:
12     int age;
13     int sex;
14 
15 public:
16     People();
17 
18     People(int age, int sex);
19 
20     int getAge();
21 
22     int getSex();
23 
24     void sayHello();
25 };
26 
27 
28 #endif //L01OOP_PEOPLE_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "People.h"
 6 
 7 People::People() {
 8     this->age = 10;
 9     this->sex = 1;
10 }
11 
12 People::People(int age, int sex) {
13     this->age = age;
14     this->sex = sex;
15 }
16 
17 
18 int People::getAge() {
19     return this->age;
20 }
21 
22 int People::getSex() {
23     return this->sex;
24 }
25 
26 
27 void People::sayHello() {
28     printf("Hello CPP\n");
29 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 6 #define L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 #include "People.h"
10 
11 class Man : public People {
12 
13 };
14 
15 
16 #endif //L03CLASSES_MAN_H

1 //
2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
3 //
4 
5 #include "Man.h"

1 #include "Man.h"
2 
3 
4 int main() {
5     Man *m = new Man();
6     m->sayHello();
7     return 0;
8 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 class Object {
 4 public:
 5     //构造方法
 6     Object() {
 7         printf("Create Object\n");
 8     }
 9 
10     //析构方法
11     ~Object() {
12         printf("Delete Object\n");
13     }
14 };
15 
16 void runObject() {
17   {                        //没有大括号 Create Object   runObject end   Delete Object
18 
19     Object obj;            //有大括号   Create Object    Delete Object    runObject end
20   }
21     printf("runObject end\n");
22 }
23 
24 
25 int main() {
26 
27 //    Object *obj = new Object();//创建时使用构造方法
28 //    delete(obj);               //销毁时使用析构方法
29 
30 //--------------------------------------------------------------
31 //    Object object;              //创建值对象 同时使用 构造和析构
32 
33 //--------------------------------------------------------------
34     runObject();
35     printf("end\n");
36     return 0;
37 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 6 #define L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 
10 class People {
11 private:
12     int age;
13     int sex;
14 
15 public:
16     People();
17 
18     People(int age, int sex);
19 
20     int getAge();
21 
22     int getSex();
23 
24     void sayHello();
25 };
26 
27 
28 #endif //L01OOP_PEOPLE_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "People.h"
 6 
 7 People::People() {
 8     this->age = 10;
 9     this->sex = 1;
10 }
11 
12 People::People(int age, int sex) {
13     this->age = age;
14     this->sex = sex;
15 }
16 
17 
18 int People::getAge() {
19     return this->age;
20 }
21 
22 int People::getSex() {
23     return this->sex;
24 }
25 
26 
27 void People::sayHello() {
28     printf("Hello CPP\n");
29 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 6 #define L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 #include "People.h"
10 
11 class Man : public People {
12 public:
13     Man(int age);
14 };
15 
16 
17 #endif //L03CLASSES_MAN_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "Man.h"
 6 
 7 //: People(age, 1) 执行父类的构造方法
 8 Man::Man(int age) : People(age, 1) {
 9 
10 }

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "Man.h"
3 
4 
5 int main() {
6     Man *m = new Man(20);
7     printf("age: %d\n", m->getAge());
8     return 0;
9 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 6 #define L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 #include "People.h"
10 
11 class Man : public People {
12 public:
13     Man(int age);
14     void sayHello();
15 };
16 
17 
18 #endif //L03CLASSES_MAN_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "Man.h"
 6 
 7 Man::Man(int age) : People(age, 1) {
 8 //    People::sayHello();//也可以执行父类
 9 }
10 
11 void Man::sayHello() {
12     People::sayHello();//执行父类方法
13     printf("Man say : Hello CPP\n");//重构的方法
14 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 6 #define L01OOP_PEOPLE_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 
10 class People {
11 private:
12     int age;
13     int sex;
14 
15 public:
16     People();
17 
18     People(int age, int sex);
19 
20     int getAge();
21 
22     int getSex();
23 
24     virtual void sayHello();//虚函数  便于子类方法重写
25 
26     virtual void eat() = 0;//纯虚函数  类似于Java的抽象方法
27 };
28 
29 
30 #endif //L01OOP_PEOPLE_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "People.h"
 6 
 7 People::People() {
 8     this->age = 10;
 9     this->sex = 1;
10 }
11 
12 People::People(int age, int sex) {
13     this->age = age;
14     this->sex = sex;
15 }
16 
17 
18 int People::getAge() {
19     return this->age;
20 }
21 
22 int People::getSex() {
23     return this->sex;
24 }
25 
26 
27 void People::sayHello() {
28     printf("People say : Hello CPP\n");
29 }

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #ifndef L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 6 #define L03CLASSES_MAN_H
 7 
 8 #include <iostream>
 9 #include "People.h"
10 
11 class Man : public People {
12 public:
13     Man(int age);
14 
15     virtual void sayHello();//虚函数  便于子类方法重写  主函数中  p->sayHello();定位到Man sayHello
16 
17     virtual void eat(){     //实现纯虚函数
18         printf("Man eat\n");
19     }
20 };
21 
22 
23 #endif //L03CLASSES_MAN_H

 1 //
 2 // Created by Mr.Z on 2016/3/2 0002.
 3 //
 4 
 5 #include "Man.h"
 6 
 7 Man::Man(int age) : People(age, 1) {
 8 
 9 }
10 
11 void Man::sayHello() {
12     printf("Man say : Hello CPP\n");
13 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include "Man.h"
 3 
 4 int main() {
 5 
 6     People *p = new Man(20);
 7     p->sayHello();
 8     p->eat();
 9     return 0;
10 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 class Hello {
 4 public:
 5     void sayHello() {
 6         printf("Hello Clion\n");
 7     }
 8 
 9     void sayHello(std::string name) {
10         std::string str = "Hello ";
11         str += name;
12         std::cout << str << std::endl;
13     }
14 };
15 
16 int main() {
17     Hello *h = new Hello();
18     h->sayHello();
19     h->sayHello("Clion");
20     return 0;
21 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 using namespace std;
 4 
 5 
 6 class Point {
 7 private:
 8     int x, y;
 9 public:
10     Point(int x, int y) {
11         this->x = x;
12         this->y = y;
13     }
14 
15     int getX() {
16         return this->x;
17     }
18 
19     int getY() {
20         return this->y;
21     }
22 
23     void add(Point p) {
24         add(p.getX(), p.getY());
25     }
26 
27     void add(int x, int y) {
28         this->x += x;
29         this->y += y;
30     }
31 
32     //运算符重载
33     void operator+=(Point p) {
34         add(p);
35     }
36 };
37 
38 int main() {
39 
40     Point p(10, 10);
41     p += Point(13, 13);
42     cout << p.getX() << "\t" << p.getY() << endl;
43 
44     Point *point = new Point(3, 3);
45     (*point) += Point(2, 2);
46     cout << point->getX() << "\t" << point->getY() << endl;
47     return 0;
48 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 
 4 void hello() {
 5     printf("hello\n");
 6 }
 7 
 8 class Hello {           //类  ----->  函数   伪函数   重载小括号operator()
 9 public:
10     void operator()() {
11         printf("Hello Clion\n");
12     }
13 };
14 
15 
16 int main() {
17 
18     hello();
19 
20     //伪函数
21     Hello h;
22     h();
23 
24     return 0;
25 }

 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <thread>
 3 #include <unistd.h>
 4 #include <iostream>
 5 
 6 class Object;
 7 
 8 typedef void (Object::*SayHi)();
 9 
10 typedef void (Object::*CallLaterHandler)();
11 
12 void threadFunc(Object *target, CallLaterHandler handler, int delay) {
13     sleep(delay);
14     (target->*handler)();
15 }
16 
17 void callLater(Object *target, CallLaterHandler handler, int delay) {
18     std::thread t(threadFunc, target, handler, delay);
19     t.join();
20 }
21 
22 #define CH(fp)(CallLaterHandler)(&fp)
23 
24 class Object {
25 public:
26     SayHi sayHi;
27 };
28 
29 class Hello : public Object {
30 public:
31     Hello() {
32         callLater(this, CH(Hello::HelloSayHi), 3);
33     }
34 
35     void HelloSayHi() {
36         printf("Hello Clion\n");
37     }
38 };
39 
40 
41 int main() {
42     Hello *h = new Hello();
43     delete h;
44     return 0;
45 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 
 4 class Point {
 5 private:
 6     int x, y;
 7 public:
 8     Point(int x, int y) {
 9         this->x = x;
10         this->y = y;
11     }
12 
13     int getX() {
14         return x;
15     }
16 
17     int getY() {
18         return y;
19     }
20 
21     //引用 &p 避免内存拷贝
22     void add(Point &p) {
23         this->x += p.x;
24         this->y += p.y;
25     }
26 };
27 
28 int main() {
29     Point p(1, 1);
30     Point p1(2, 3);
31     p.add(p1);
32     return 0;
33 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 
 3 class A {
 4     friend class B;
 5 
 6     friend class C;
 7 
 8 private:
 9     int num;
10 public:
11     A() {
12         num = 10;
13     }
14 };
15 
16 class B : public A {
17 public:
18     B() {
19         printf("%d\n", num);
20     }
21 };
22 
23 class C {
24 public:
25     C() {
26         A a;
27         printf("%d\n", a.num);
28     }
29 };
30 
31 int main() {
32     B b;
33     C c;
34     return 0;
35 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <list>
 3 #include <map>
 4 
 5 using namespace std; //std::list   std::string    std::cout    std::map   std::pair
 6 
 7 int main() {
 8     list<string> l;
 9     l.push_back("Hello");
10     l.push_back("Clion");
11     for (list<string>::iterator it = l.begin(); it != l.end(); it++) {
12         cout << *it << endl;
13     }
14 
15     map<string, string> m;
16     m.insert(pair<string, string>("hello", "Hello Clion"));
17     m.insert(pair<string, string>("name", "C++"));
18     cout << m.at("hello") << "\t" << m.at("name") << endl;
19 
20 
21     m["name"] = "C";
22     cout << m["name"] << endl;
23     return 0;
24 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <sstream>
 3 
 4 using namespace std;
 5 
 6 int main() {
 7     string str;
 8     str += "Hello ";
 9     str += "Clion";
10     cout << str << endl;
11 
12 
13     stringstream ss;
14     ss << "Hello ";
15     ss << 2016;
16     ss << " ";
17     ss << 3.4 << " ";
18     ss << "Hello " << "C++ " << 30;
19     cout << ss.str() << endl;
20     return 0;
21 }

 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <sstream>
 4 
 5 using namespace std;
 6 
 7 int main() {
 8 
 9     //Write
10 //    ofstream of("data.txt");
11 //    of << "Hello Clion\n";
12 //    of.close();
13 
14 
15     //Read
16     ifstream inf("data.txt");
17     stringbuf sb;
18     inf >> &sb;
19     cout << sb.str() << endl;
20     return 0;
21 }