码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > Windows程序 > 详细

[转]用Middleware给ASP.NET Core Web API添加自己的授权验证

时间:2017-01-06 18:34:56      阅读:511      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:rnn   cli   完全   添加   test   sea   base   wait   run   

本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/catcher1994/p/6021046.html

Web API,是一个能让前后端分离、解放前后端生产力的好东西。不过大部分公司应该都没能做到完全的前后端分离。API的实现方式有很

多,可以用ASP.NET Core、也可以用ASP.NET Web API、ASP.NET MVC、NancyFx等。说到Web API,不同的人有不同的做法,可能前台、

中台和后台各一个api站点,也有可能一个模块一个api站点,也有可能各个系统共用一个api站点,当然这和业务有必然的联系。

  安全顺其自然的成为Web API关注的重点之一。现在流行的OAuth 2.0是个很不错的东西,不过本文是暂时没有涉及到的,只是按照最最最

原始的思路做的一个授权验证。在之前的MVC中,我们可能是通过过滤器来处理这个身份的验证,在Core中,我自然就是选择Middleware来处

理这个验证。

  下面开始本文的正题:

  先编写一个能正常运行的api,不进行任何的权限过滤。

技术分享
 1 using Dapper;
 2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
 3 using System.Data;
 4 using System.Linq;
 5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 6 using WebApi.CommandText;
 7 using WebApi.Common;
 8 using Common;
 9 
10 namespace WebApi.Controllers
11 {
12     [Route("api/[controller]")]
13     public class BookController : Controller
14     {
15 
16         private DapperHelper _helper;
17         public BookController(DapperHelper helper)
18         {
19             this._helper = helper;
20         }
21 
22         // GET: api/book
23         [HttpGet]
24         public async Task<IActionResult> Get()
25         {
26             var res = await _helper.QueryAsync(BookCommandText.GetBooks);
27             CommonResult<Book> json = new CommonResult<Book>
28             {
29                 Code = "000",
30                 Message = "ok",
31                 Data = res
32             };
33             return Ok(json);
34         }
35 
36         // GET api/book/5
37         [HttpGet("{id}")]
38         public IActionResult Get(int id)
39         {
40             DynamicParameters dp = new DynamicParameters();
41             dp.Add("@Id", id, DbType.Int32, ParameterDirection.Input);
42             var res = _helper.Query<Book>(BookCommandText.GetBookById, dp, null, true, null, CommandType.StoredProcedure).FirstOrDefault();
43             CommonResult<Book> json = new CommonResult<Book>
44             {
45                 Code = "000",
46                 Message = "ok",
47                 Data = res
48             };
49             return Ok(json);
50         }
51 
52         // POST api/book        
53         [HttpPost]
54         public IActionResult Post([FromForm]PostForm form)
55         {
56             DynamicParameters dp = new DynamicParameters();
57             dp.Add("@Id", form.Id, DbType.Int32, ParameterDirection.Input);
58             var res = _helper.Query<Book>(BookCommandText.GetBookById, dp, null, true, null, CommandType.StoredProcedure).FirstOrDefault();
59             CommonResult<Book> json = new CommonResult<Book>
60             {
61                 Code = "000",
62                 Message = "ok",
63                 Data = res
64             };
65             return Ok(json);
66         }
67 
68     }
69 
70     public class PostForm
71     {
72         public string Id { get; set; }
73     }
74 
75 }
技术分享
  api这边应该没什么好说的,都是一些常规的操作,会MVC的应该都可以懂。主要是根据id获取图书信息的方法(GET和POST)。这是我们后

面进行单元测试的两个主要方法。这样部署得到的一个API站点,是任何一个人都可以访问http://yourapidomain.com/api/book 来得到相关

的数据。现在我们要对这个api进行一定的处理,让只有权限的站点才能访问它。

  下面就是编写自定义的授权验证中间件了。

  Middleware这个东西大家应该都不会陌生了,OWIN出来的时候就有中间件这样的概念了,这里就不展开说明,在ASP.NET Core中是如何

实现这个中间件的可以参考官方文档 Middleware。 

  我们先定义一个我们要用到的option,ApiAuthorizedOptions

技术分享
 1 namespace WebApi.Middlewares
 2 {
 3     public class ApiAuthorizedOptions
 4     {
 5         //public string Name { get; set; }
 6 
 7         public string EncryptKey { get; set; }
 8         
 9         public int ExpiredSecond { get; set; }
10     }
11 }
技术分享

  option内容比较简单,一个是EncryptKey ,用于对我们的请求参数进行签名,另一个是ExpiredSecond ,用于检验我们的请求是否超时。

与之对应的是在appsettings.json中设置的ApiKey节点

技术分享
1   "ApiKey": {
2     //"username": "123",
3     //"password": "123",
4     "EncryptKey": "@*api#%^@",
5     "ExpiredSecond": "300"
6   }
技术分享

  有了option,下面就可以编写middleware的内容了

  我们的api中就实现了get和post的方法,所以这里也就对get和post做了处理,其他http method,有需要的可以自己补充。

  这里的验证主要是下面的几个方面:

  1.参数是否被篡改

  2.请求是否已经过期

  3.请求的应用是否合法

  主检查方法:Check
技术分享
 1          /// <summary>
 2         /// the main check method
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <param name="requestInfo"></param>
 6         /// <returns></returns>
 7         private async Task Check(HttpContext context, RequestInfo requestInfo)
 8         {
 9             string computeSinature = HMACMD5Helper.GetEncryptResult($"{requestInfo.ApplicationId}-{requestInfo.Timestamp}-{requestInfo.Nonce}", _options.EncryptKey);
10             double tmpTimestamp;
11             if (computeSinature.Equals(requestInfo.Sinature) &&
12                 double.TryParse(requestInfo.Timestamp, out tmpTimestamp))
13             {
14                 if (CheckExpiredTime(tmpTimestamp, _options.ExpiredSecond))
15                 {
16                     await ReturnTimeOut(context);
17                 }
18                 else
19                 {
20                     await CheckApplication(context, requestInfo.ApplicationId, requestInfo.ApplicationPassword);
21                 }
22             }
23             else
24             {
25                 await ReturnNoAuthorized(context);
26             }
27         }
技术分享

  Check方法带了2个参数,一个是当前的httpcontext对象和请求的内容信息,当签名一致,并且时间戳能转化成double时才去校验是否超时

和Applicatioin的相关信息。这里的签名用了比较简单的HMACMD5加密,同样是可以换成SHA等加密来进行这一步的处理,加密的参数和规则是

随便定的,要有一个约定的过程,缺少灵活性(就像跟银行对接那样,银行说你就要这样传参数给我,不这样就不行,只好乖乖从命)。

  Check方法还用到了下面的4个处理

  1.子检查方法--超时判断CheckExpiredTime

技术分享
 1          /// <summary>
 2         /// check the expired time
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="timestamp"></param>
 5         /// <param name="expiredSecond"></param>
 6         /// <returns></returns>
 7         private bool CheckExpiredTime(double timestamp, double expiredSecond)
 8         {
 9             double now_timestamp = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1)).TotalSeconds;
10             return (now_timestamp - timestamp) > expiredSecond;
11         }
技术分享

  这里取了当前时间与1970年1月1日的间隔与请求参数中传过来的时间戳进行比较,是否超过我们在appsettings中设置的那个值,超过就是

超时了,没超过就可以继续下一个步骤。

  2.子检查方法--应用程序判断CheckApplication

  应用程序要验证什么呢?我们会给每个应用程序创建一个ID和一个访问api的密码,所以我们要验证这个应用程序的真实身份,是否是那些

有权限的应用程序。

技术分享
 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// check the application
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <param name="applicationId"></param>
 6         /// <param name="applicationPassword"></param>
 7         /// <returns></returns>
 8         private async Task CheckApplication(HttpContext context, string applicationId, string applicationPassword)
 9         {
10             var application = GetAllApplications().Where(x => x.ApplicationId == applicationId).FirstOrDefault();
11             if (application != null)
12             {
13                 if (application.ApplicationPassword != applicationPassword)
14                 {
15                     await ReturnNoAuthorized(context);
16                 }
17             }
18             else
19             {
20                 await ReturnNoAuthorized(context);
21             }
22         }
技术分享

  先根据请求参数中的应用程序id去找到相应的应用程序,不能找到就说明不是合法的应用程序,能找到再去验证其密码是否正确,最后才确

定其能否取得api中的数据。

  下面两方法是处理没有授权和超时处理的实现:

  没有授权的返回方法ReturnNoAuthorized

技术分享
 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// not authorized request
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <returns></returns>
 6         private async Task ReturnNoAuthorized(HttpContext context)
 7         {
 8             BaseResponseResult response = new BaseResponseResult
 9             {
10                 Code = "401",
11                 Message = "You are not authorized!"
12             };
13             context.Response.StatusCode = 401;
14             await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response));
15         }
技术分享

  这里做的处理是将响应的状态码设置成401(Unauthorized)。

  超时的返回方法ReturnTimeOut

技术分享
 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// timeout request 
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <returns></returns>
 6         private async Task ReturnTimeOut(HttpContext context)
 7         {
 8             BaseResponseResult response = new BaseResponseResult
 9             {
10                 Code = "408",
11                 Message = "Time Out!"
12             };
13             context.Response.StatusCode = 408;
14             await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(response));
15         }
技术分享

  这里做的处理是将响应的状态码设置成408(Time Out)。

  下面就要处理Http的GET请求和POST请求了。

  HTTP GET请求的处理方法GetInvoke

技术分享
 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// http get invoke
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <returns></returns>
 6         private async Task GetInvoke(HttpContext context)
 7         {
 8             var queryStrings = context.Request.Query;
 9             RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo
10             {
11                 ApplicationId = queryStrings["applicationId"].ToString(),
12                 ApplicationPassword = queryStrings["applicationPassword"].ToString(),
13                 Timestamp = queryStrings["timestamp"].ToString(),
14                 Nonce = queryStrings["nonce"].ToString(),
15                 Sinature = queryStrings["signature"].ToString()
16             };
17             await Check(context, requestInfo);
18         }
技术分享

  处理比较简单,将请求的参数赋值给RequestInfo,然后将当前的httpcontext和这个requestinfo交由我们的主检查方法Check去校验

这个请求的合法性。

  同理,HTTP POST请求的处理方法PostInvoke,也是同样的处理。

技术分享
 1         /// <summary>
 2         /// http post invoke
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="context"></param>
 5         /// <returns></returns>
 6         private async Task PostInvoke(HttpContext context)
 7         {
 8             var formCollection = context.Request.Form;
 9             RequestInfo requestInfo = new RequestInfo
10             {
11                 ApplicationId = formCollection["applicationId"].ToString(),
12                 ApplicationPassword = formCollection["applicationPassword"].ToString(),
13                 Timestamp = formCollection["timestamp"].ToString(),
14                 Nonce = formCollection["nonce"].ToString(),
15                 Sinature = formCollection["signature"].ToString()
16             };
17             await Check(context, requestInfo);
18         }
技术分享

  最后是Middleware的构造函数和Invoke方法。

技术分享
 1        public ApiAuthorizedMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, IOptions<ApiAuthorizedOptions> options)
 2         {
 3             this._next = next;
 4             this._options = options.Value;
 5         }
 6 
 7         public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
 8         {
 9             switch (context.Request.Method.ToUpper())
10             {
11                 case "POST":
12                     if (context.Request.HasFormContentType)
13                     {
14                         await PostInvoke(context);
15                     }
16                     else
17                     {
18                         await ReturnNoAuthorized(context);
19                     }
20                     break;
21                 case "GET":
22                     await GetInvoke(context);
23                     break;
24                 default:
25                     await GetInvoke(context);
26                     break;
27             }
28             await _next.Invoke(context);
29         }
技术分享

  到这里,Middleware是已经编写好了,要在Startup中使用,还要添加一个拓展方法ApiAuthorizedExtensions

技术分享
 1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
 2 using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
 3 using System;
 4 
 5 namespace WebApi.Middlewares
 6 {
 7     public static class ApiAuthorizedExtensions
 8     {
 9         public static IApplicationBuilder UseApiAuthorized(this IApplicationBuilder builder)
10         {
11             if (builder == null)
12             {
13                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
14             }
15 
16             return builder.UseMiddleware<ApiAuthorizedMiddleware>();
17         }
18 
19         public static IApplicationBuilder UseApiAuthorized(this IApplicationBuilder builder, ApiAuthorizedOptions options)
20         {
21             if (builder == null)
22             {
23                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(builder));
24             }
25 
26             if (options == null)
27             {
28                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(options));
29             }
30             
31             return builder.UseMiddleware<ApiAuthorizedMiddleware>(Options.Create(options));
32         }
33     }
34 }
技术分享

  到这里我们已经可以在Startup的Configure和ConfigureServices方法中配置这个中间件了

  这里还有一个不一定非要实现的拓展方法ApiAuthorizedServicesExtensions,但我个人还是倾向于实现这个ServicesExtensions。

技术分享
 1 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 2 using System;
 3 
 4 namespace WebApi.Middlewares
 5 {
 6     public static class ApiAuthorizedServicesExtensions
 7     {
 8 
 9         /// <summary>
10         /// Add response compression services.
11         /// </summary>
12         /// <param name="services">The <see cref="IServiceCollection"/> for adding services.</param>
13         /// <returns></returns>
14         public static IServiceCollection AddApiAuthorized(this IServiceCollection services)
15         {
16             if (services == null)
17             {
18                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services));
19             }
20 
21             return services;
22         }
23 
24         /// <summary>
25         /// Add response compression services and configure the related options.
26         /// </summary>
27         /// <param name="services">The <see cref="IServiceCollection"/> for adding services.</param>
28         /// <param name="configureOptions">A delegate to configure the <see cref="ResponseCompressionOptions"/>.</param>
29         /// <returns></returns>
30         public static IServiceCollection AddApiAuthorized(this IServiceCollection services, Action<ApiAuthorizedOptions> configureOptions)
31         {
32             if (services == null)
33             {
34                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(services));
35             }
36             if (configureOptions == null)
37             {
38                 throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(configureOptions));
39             }
40 
41             services.Configure(configureOptions);
42             return services;
43         }
44     }
45 }
ApiAuthorizedServicesExtensions

  为什么要实现这个拓展方法呢?个人认为

  Options、Middleware、Extensions、ServicesExtensions这四个是实现一个中间件的标配(除去简单到不行的那些中间件)

  Options给我们的中间件提供了一些可选的处理,提高了中间件的灵活性;

  Middleware是我们中间件最最重要的实现;

  Extensions是我们要在Startup的Configure去表明我们要使用这个中间件;

  ServicesExtensions是我们要在Startup的ConfigureServices去表明我们把这个中间件添加到容器中。

  下面是完整的Startup

技术分享
 1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
 2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
 3 using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
 4 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 5 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
 6 using System;
 7 using WebApi.Common;
 8 using WebApi.Middlewares;
 9 
10 namespace WebApi
11 {
12     public class Startup
13     {
14         public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
15         {
16             var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
17                 .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
18                 .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
19                 .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true);
20 
21             if (env.IsEnvironment("Development"))
22             {
23                 // This will push telemetry data through Application Insights pipeline faster, allowing you to view results immediately.
24                 builder.AddApplicationInsightsSettings(developerMode: true);
25             }
26 
27             builder.AddEnvironmentVariables();
28             Configuration = builder.Build();
29         }
30 
31         public IConfigurationRoot Configuration { get; }
32 
33         // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container
34         public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
35         {
36             // Add framework services.
37             services.AddApplicationInsightsTelemetry(Configuration);
38             services.Configure<IISOptions>(options =>
39             {
40 
41             });
42 
43             services.Configure<DapperOptions>(options =>
44             {
45                 options.ConnectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DapperConnection");
46             });
47 
48             //api authorized middleware
49             services.AddApiAuthorized(options =>
50             {
51                 options.EncryptKey = Configuration.GetSection("ApiKey")["EncryptKey"];
52                 options.ExpiredSecond = Convert.ToInt32(Configuration.GetSection("ApiKey")["ExpiredSecond"]);
53             });
54 
55 
56             services.AddMvc();
57 
58             services.AddSingleton<DapperHelper>();
59         }
60 
61         // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline
62         public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
63         {
64 
65             loggerFactory.AddConsole(Configuration.GetSection("Logging"));
66             loggerFactory.AddDebug();
67 
68             app.UseDapper();
69 
70             //api authorized middleware
71             app.UseApiAuthorized();
72 
73             app.UseApplicationInsightsRequestTelemetry();
74 
75             app.UseApplicationInsightsExceptionTelemetry();
76 
77             app.UseMvc();
78         }
79     }
80 }
技术分享

  万事具备,只欠测试!!

  建个类库项目,写个单元测试看看。

技术分享
 1 using Common;
 2 using Newtonsoft.Json;
 3 using System;
 4 using System.Collections.Generic;
 5 using System.Net.Http;
 6 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 7 using Xunit;
 8 
 9 namespace WebApiTest
10 {
11     public class BookApiTest
12     {
13         private HttpClient _client;
14         private string applicationId = "1";
15         private string applicationPassword = "123";
16         private string timestamp = (DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1)).TotalSeconds.ToString();
17         private string nonce = new Random().Next(1000, 9999).ToString();
18         private string signature = string.Empty;
19 
20         public BookApiTest()
21         {
22             _client = new HttpClient();
23             _client.BaseAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:8091/");
24             _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
25             signature = HMACMD5Helper.GetEncryptResult($"{applicationId}-{timestamp}-{nonce}", "@*api#%^@");
26         }
27 
28         [Fact]
29         public async Task book_api_get_by_id_should_success()
30         {
31             string queryString = $"applicationId={applicationId}&timestamp={timestamp}&nonce={nonce}&signature={signature}&applicationPassword={applicationPassword}";
32             
33             HttpResponseMessage message = await _client.GetAsync($"api/book/4939?{queryString}");
34             var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CommonResult<Book>>(message.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
35 
36             Assert.Equal("000", result.Code);
37             Assert.Equal(4939, result.Data.Id);
38             Assert.True(message.IsSuccessStatusCode);
39         }
40 
41         [Fact]
42         public async Task book_api_get_by_id_should_failure()
43         {
44             string inValidSignature = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
45             string queryString = $"applicationId={applicationId}&timestamp={timestamp}&nonce={nonce}&signature={inValidSignature}&applicationPassword={applicationPassword}";
46 
47             HttpResponseMessage message = await _client.GetAsync($"api/book/4939?{queryString}");
48             var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CommonResult<Book>>(message.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
49 
50             Assert.Equal("401", result.Code);
51             Assert.Equal(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, message.StatusCode);            
52         }
53 
54         [Fact]
55         public async Task book_api_post_by_id_should_success()
56         {              
57             var data = new Dictionary<string, string>();
58             data.Add("applicationId", applicationId);
59             data.Add("applicationPassword", applicationPassword);
60             data.Add("timestamp", timestamp);
61             data.Add("nonce", nonce);
62             data.Add("signature", signature);
63             data.Add("Id", "4939");
64             HttpContent ct = new FormUrlEncodedContent(data);
65 
66             HttpResponseMessage message = await _client.PostAsync("api/book", ct);
67             var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CommonResult<Book>>(message.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
68 
69             Assert.Equal("000", result.Code);
70             Assert.Equal(4939, result.Data.Id);
71             Assert.True(message.IsSuccessStatusCode);
72 
73         }
74 
75         [Fact]
76         public async Task book_api_post_by_id_should_failure()
77         {
78             string inValidSignature = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
79             var data = new Dictionary<string, string>();
80             data.Add("applicationId", applicationId);
81             data.Add("applicationPassword", applicationPassword);
82             data.Add("timestamp", timestamp);
83             data.Add("nonce", nonce);
84             data.Add("signature", inValidSignature);
85             data.Add("Id", "4939");
86             HttpContent ct = new FormUrlEncodedContent(data);
87 
88             HttpResponseMessage message = await _client.PostAsync("api/book", ct);
89             var result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<CommonResult<Book>>(message.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result);
90 
91             Assert.Equal("401", result.Code);
92             Assert.Equal(System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, message.StatusCode);
93         }
94     }   
95 }
技术分享

[转]用Middleware给ASP.NET Core Web API添加自己的授权验证

标签:rnn   cli   完全   添加   test   sea   base   wait   run   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/freeliver54/p/6256852.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!