标签：python 1
python 1
支持tab键补全
# vim /usr/local/bin/tab.py
1 import readline
2 import rlcompleter
3
4 readline.parse_and_bind(‘tab: complete‘)
# vim ~/.bash_profile
14 PYTHONSTARTUP=/usr/local/bin/tab.py
15 export PATH PYTHONSTARTUP
# source ~/.bash_profile
# python
>>> p （两下tab）
pass pow( print print( property(
>>> if 3 > 0: （顶语句）
... print ‘no‘ （缩进）
...
no
>>> if 10 > 5:
... print "ok"
... print "yes" （这两个都是上面的子语句，缩进要一样）
...
ok
yes
>>> if ‘hello world!‘:
... print 2
...
2
print 后面字母一定要用引号
>>> print "tom‘s a pet "
tom‘s a pet
>>> print ‘hello world!‘
hello world!
>>> print ‘hello world!‘
hello world!
>>> print ‘hello, world!‘
hello, world!
>>> print ‘hello‘, ‘world!‘
hello world!
>>> print ‘hello‘, ‘world!‘
hello world!
>>> print ‘hello‘+ ‘world!‘
helloworld!
>>> username=raw_input("username:")
username:xixi
>>> print username （输出显示）
xixi
>>> username （输出的是变量字符）
‘xixi‘
>>> 3 + 4
7
>>> ‘3‘ + "4"
‘34‘
>>> number=raw_input("number:") 记住:raw_input里面都是字符
number:10
>>> number
‘10‘
>>> number + 5
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: cannot concatenate ‘str‘ and ‘int‘ objects
>>> number + ‘5‘
‘105‘
>>> int(number) + 5
15
>>> int(number)+5
15
>>> 3+5
8
[root@room1pc01 python]# cat day01.py
#-*- coding: utf8 -*-
username=raw_input(‘username:‘)
print ‘Welocme‘, username
print ‘Welcome ‘+ username
print ‘你好‘ + username
[root@room1pc01 python]# python day01.py
username:tom
Welocme tom
Welcome tom
你好tom
————————————————————————————————————————————
（调用模块）
#vim /root/star.py
hi = ‘hello world‘
def pstar(): 函数
print ‘*‘ * 20
#pyhton (/root下）
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 23 2015, 15:22:56)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import star
>>> star.hi
‘hello world‘
>>> star.pstar()
********************
[root@room1pc01 桌面]# cat yy.py
hi = ‘hello ‘
def ps():
print 1 * 20
[root@room1pc01 桌面]# python
>>> import yy
>>> yy.hi
‘hello ‘
>>> yy.ps()
20
——————————————————————————————————————————————
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
编辑模块的帮助说明：
[root@room1pc01 python]# cat star.py
#-*- coding: utf8 -*-
‘‘‘演示程序 （加三引号 帮助说明）
这仅仅是一个包含变量和函数
‘‘‘
hi = ‘hello world‘
def pstar():
‘用于打印20个星号‘ （这是字符串，加引号）
print ‘*‘ * 20
[root@room1pc01 python]# python
>>> import star
>>> help(star)
Help on module star:
NAME
star - 演示程序
FILE
/root/python/star.py
DESCRIPTION
这仅仅是一个包含变量和函数
FUNCTIONS
pstar()
用于打印20个星号
DATA
hi = ‘hello world‘
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
变量：第一个字符只能是大小写字母或下划线 后续字符只能是字母数字和下划线
>>> print 100
100
>>> 100 + 5
105
>>> 100 /5
20
>>> spedd = 100
>>> spedd+5
105
>>> a=10
>>> a=a+10
>>> a
20
>>> a +=1
>>> a
21
>>> -a
-21
>>> a
21
>>> 5/3
1
>>> 5.0/3
1.6666666666666667
>>> 5%3
2
>>> 5**2
25
>>> 5**3
125
>>> 5//3.0
1.0
>>> 5/3.0
1.6666666666666667
>>> 3==3
True
>>> 3=3
File "<stdin>", line 1
SyntaxError: can‘t assign to literal
>>> 3>=3
True
>>> 3>3
False
>>> a=10
>>> if a=10 :
File "<stdin>", line 1
if a=10 :
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 3 !=4
True
>>> 10 <20 <30
True
>>> 10 <20 >15
True
>>> not 10*20 < 10+20 and 5 > 3
True
>>> not( 10*20 < 10+20) and 5 > 3
True
>>> not False and True
True
>>> True +1
2
>>> False +1
1
>>> 023
19
>>> 11
11
>>> 011
9
>>> 0x23
35
>>> 0b12
File "<stdin>", line 1
0b12
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> 0b11
3
>>> 0b10
2
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal
>>> os.chmod(‘day01.py‘,755)
>>> os.chmod(‘star.py‘,0755)
[root@room1pc01 python]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 133 3月 21 10:50 day01.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 172 3月 21 11:29 star.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 372 3月 21 11:29 star.pyc
[root@room1pc01 python]# ll
总用量 12
--wxrw--wt. 1 root root 133 3月 21 10:50 day01.py
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 172 3月 21 11:29 star.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 372 3月 21 11:29 star.pyc
>>> name=‘tom‘
>>> name
‘tom‘
>>> print name
tom
>>> print ‘name‘
name
>>> print ‘hello %s‘ % name
hello tom
>>> print ‘%s is %s student‘ % (name,23)
tom is 23 student
>>> py_str=‘python‘
>>> py_str[1]
‘y‘
>>> py_str[0]
‘p‘
>>> len(py_str)
6
>>> py_str[5]
‘n‘
>>> py_str[-1]
‘n‘
>>> py_str[-6]
‘p‘
>>> py_str[2:4] 多取一个
‘th‘
>>> py_str[2:6]
‘thon‘
>>> py_str[2:10]
‘thon‘
>>> py_str[2:]
‘thon‘
>>> py_str[-4:]
‘thon‘
>>> py_str[-1:]
‘n‘
>>> py_str[-2:]
‘on‘
>>> py_str[-3:]
‘hon‘
>>> py_str[:]
‘python‘
>>> py_str[::2]
‘pto‘
>>> py_str[:2]
‘py‘
>>> py_str[1::2]
‘yhn‘
>>> py_str[::-1]
‘nohtyp‘
>>> py_str[:-1]
‘pytho‘
>>> py_str + ‘is good‘
‘pythonis good‘
>>> py_str *3
‘pythonpythonpython‘
>>> print ‘py_str *3‘
py_str *3
>>> print ‘%s *3‘% py_str
python *3
>>> ‘t‘ in py_str
True
>>> ‘th‘ in py_str
True
>>> ‘to‘ in py_str
False
>>> ‘to‘ not in py_str
True
>>> ‘hello‘.upper()
‘HELLO‘
>>> py_str.upper()
‘PYTHON‘
>>> py_str.isalpha()
True
>>> py_str
‘python‘
>>> print ‘+%s+‘ % (‘-‘ * 48)
+------------------------------------------------+
>>> print "+%s+" % py_str.center(48)
+ python +
>>> py_str.center(48)
‘ python ‘
>>> py_str.center(48,"#")
‘#####################python#####################‘
>>> py_str.ljust(48,‘#‘)
‘python##########################################‘
>>> py_str.rjust(48,‘#‘)
‘##########################################python‘
>>> ‘ hello world! ‘.strip()
‘hello world!‘
>>> ‘ hello world! ‘
‘ hello world! ‘
>>> ‘ hello world! ‘.lstrip()
‘hello world! ‘
>>> ‘ hello world! ‘.rstrip()
‘ hello world!‘
>>> >>> ‘t‘ in py_str
File "<stdin>", line 1
>>> ‘t‘ in py_str
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> True
True
>>> >>> ‘th‘ in py_str
File "<stdin>", line 1
>>> ‘th‘ in py_str
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> True
True
>>> >>> ‘to‘ in py_str
File "<stdin>", line 1
>>> ‘to‘ in py_str
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> False
False
>>> >>> ‘to‘ not in py_str
File "<stdin>", line 1
>>> ‘to‘ not in py_str
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> True
True
>>> print "+%s+" %(‘-‘ * 48)
+------------------------------------------------+
>>> print "py_str%spy_str" %(‘-‘ * 48)
py_str------------------------------------------------py_str
>>> print "%s%s%s" %(py_str,"-" * 48,py_str)
python------------------------------------------------python
列表
>>> alist = [10,20,‘bob‘,[1,2]]
>>> len(alist)
4
>>> 10 in alist
True
>>> 1 in alist
False
>>> alist[2:4]
[‘bob‘, [1, 2]]
>>> alist[2:3]
[‘bob‘]
>>> alist[0:1]
[10]
>>> alist[0:2]
[10, 20]
>>> alist=[10,20,30,40,"bo","b"]
>>> alist[-1]=100 （该最后一个值）
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, 40, ‘bo‘, 100]
>>> alist.append(200) （追加一个值）
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200]
>>> alist.insert(3,"tom") （插入一个值）
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200]
>>> blist=[12,45,64,12,453]
>>> blist
[12, 45, 64, 12, 453]
>>> blist.sort()
>>> blist
[12, 12, 45, 64, 453]
>>> blist.pop()
453
>>> blist
[12, 12, 45, 64]
元组
>>> atuple=(10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200) （元组是用（），不可变）
>>> atuple
(10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200)
>>> atuple[2:4]
(30, ‘tom‘)
>>> atuple[-1]=300
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: ‘tuple‘ object does not support item assignment
>>> len(atuple)
8
字典
>>> adict={‘name‘: ‘bob‘,‘age‘:22}
>>> adict
{‘age‘: 22, ‘name‘: ‘bob‘}
>>> len(adict)
2
>>> 22 in adict
False
>>> ‘age‘ in adict
True
>>> adict[‘age‘]
22
修改和增加
>>> adict[‘age‘]=25
>>> adict[‘age‘]
25
>>> adict[‘email‘]=‘bob@tedu.cn‘
>>> adict
{‘age‘: 25, ‘name‘: ‘bob‘, ‘email‘: ‘bob@tedu.cn‘}
>>> adict.get(‘phone‘)
>>> print adict.get(‘phone‘)
None
>>> adict.get(‘age‘)
25
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200]
>>> blist=alist
>>> blist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100, 200]
>>> blist.pop()
200
>>> blist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100]
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100]
>>> clist=alist[::]
>>> clist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100]
>>> clist.pop()
100
>>> clist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘]
>>> alist
[10, 20, 30, ‘tom‘, 40, ‘bo‘, 100]
练习：
[root@room1pc01 python]# vim if1.py
1 a=10
2
3 if a>5:
4 print ‘yes‘
5 else:
6 print ‘error‘
[root@room1pc01 python]# python if1.py
yes
非0打印非空打印
>>> if -0.0:
... print ‘yes‘
...
...
>>> if 3:
... print ‘yes‘
...
yes
>>> if ‘ ‘:
... print ‘yes‘
...
...
yes
>>> if ‘‘:
... print ‘yes‘
...
（一个脚本如果输入的用户不是bob，密码不是123456，就报错，或就对的）
[root@room1pc01 python]# vim if2.py
1 username=raw_input(‘username:‘)
2 password=raw_input(‘password:‘)
3 if username=="bob" and password=="123456":
4 print ‘login successful ‘
5 else:
6 print ‘login incorrect‘
[root@room1pc01 python]# python if2.py
username:bob
password:123456
login successful
[root@room1pc01 python]# vim if3.py
1 import getpass
2
3 username=raw_input(‘username:‘)
4 password=getpass.getpass(‘password:‘)
5
6 if username=="bob" and password=="123456":
7 print ‘login successful ‘
8 else:
9 print ‘login incorrect‘
[root@room1pc01 python]# python if3.py
username:bob
password:
login successful
本文出自 “12336621” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://12346621.blog.51cto.com/12336621/1908971
标签：python 1
原文地址：http://12346621.blog.51cto.com/12336621/1908971
