jq处理JSON数据

时间：2017-03-30 11:40:30 阅读：275 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

jq 允许你直接在命令行下对 JSON 进行操作，包括分片、过滤、转换等等。
让我们通过几个例子来说明 jq 的功能：
一、输出格式化，漂亮的打印效果
如果我们用文本编辑器打开 JSON，有时候可能看起来会一团糟，但是通过 jq 的 .（点）过滤器就可以立马让 JSON 的格式规整起来。
1.用文本编辑器打开后的样子

2.用 jq 显示的结果

复制代码代码如下:

% jq . soundtag.json

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二、快速查询JSON数据
利用 jq 能够以 key 作为关键字来对 JSON 作出快速查询，例如：

复制代码代码如下:

% jq .cn soundtag.json

这将仅仅显示 cn 键对应的值。
jq 的键查询也支持链式调用，如：

复制代码代码如下:

% jq .cn[0].pNum soundtag.json

三、jq的管道操作
熟悉命令行的朋友可能都知道 | （管道）是一个非常强大的武器。幸运的是，jq 也提供了对管道的支持。

复制代码代码如下:

% jq ‘.cn[] | { pNum }‘ soundTag.json

在这里，我们使用管道过滤并构造出 pNum 对象。
四、总结
如果你需要在命令行下处理 JSON，我强烈推荐 jq。jq 不仅能够满足一般性的常见需求，更包含运算、内置函数、条件比较、变量声明、自定函数等强大功能。对此感兴趣的朋友，不妨通过 jq 的官方手册进行学习。

jq处理JSON数据

2、高亮并按属性排序显示

用 jq ‘.‘即可：

curl ‘https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5‘ | jq ‘.‘

结果：

[
  {
    "parents": [
      {
        "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
        "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
        "sha": "54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7"
      },
      {
        "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
        "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
        "sha": "8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a"
      }
    ],
    "committer": {
      "type": "User",
      "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
      "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
      "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
      "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
...

这里的评论内容比较多，我们现在想拿第一个评论。

3、获取数组某一项

curl ‘https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits?per_page=5‘ | jq ‘.[0]‘

结果：

{
  "parents": [
    {
      "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
      "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
      "sha": "54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7"
    },
    {
      "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
      "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a",
      "sha": "8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a"
    }
  ],
  "committer": {
    "type": "User",
    "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
    "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
    "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
    "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/subscriptions",
    "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
    "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/gists{/gist_id}",
    "login": "stedolan",
    "id": 79765,
    "avatar_url": "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842?d=https%3A%2F%2Fidenticons.github.com%2Ffc5b6765b1c9cfaecea48ae71df4d279.png",
    "gravatar_id": "31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842",
    "url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan",
    "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/followers",
    "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/following{/other_user}"
  },
  "author": {
    "type": "User",
    "received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/received_events",
    "events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/events{/privacy}",
    "repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/repos",
    "organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/orgs",
    "subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/subscriptions",
    "starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
    "gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/gists{/gist_id}",
    "login": "stedolan",
    "id": 79765,
    "avatar_url": "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842?d=https%3A%2F%2Fidenticons.github.com%2Ffc5b6765b1c9cfaecea48ae71df4d279.png",
    "gravatar_id": "31de909d8e55dd07ed782d92ece59842",
    "url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan",
    "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan",
    "followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/followers",
    "following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/stedolan/following{/other_user}"
  },
  "comments_url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f/comments",
  "html_url": "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
  "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
  "commit": {
    "comment_count": 0,
    "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/commits/d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f",
    "tree": {
      "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/stedolan/jq/git/trees/6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40",
      "sha": "6ab697a8dfb5a96e124666bf6d6213822599fb40"
    },
    "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161",
    "committer": {
      "date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z",
      "email": "mu@netsoc.tcd.ie",
      "name": "Stephen Dolan"
    },
    "author": {
      "date": "2013-06-22T16:30:59Z",
      "email": "mu@netsoc.tcd.ie",
      "name": "Stephen Dolan"
    }
  },
  "sha": "d25341478381063d1c76e81b3a52e0592a7c997f"
}

View Code

可以看到，我们已经拿到了一条完整的评论内容。但我们真正关心的只是评论内容和用户名，下面来获取这两项内容。

4、自定义格式输出某一项

jq ‘.[0] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}‘

结果：

{
  "name": "Stephen Dolan",
  "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
}

我们可以看到，已经拿到了想要的内容，并且已经按我们自己定义的格式显示了。

这里 | 后面的内容是以前面的内容为输入的， .commit 中的 . 就是指 .[0] 中的内容。

5、自定义格式输出多项

jq ‘.[] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}‘

结果：

{
  "name": "Stephen Dolan",
  "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
}
{
  "name": "Stephen Dolan",
  "message": "Reject all overlong UTF8 sequences."
}
{
  "name": "Stephen Dolan",
  "message": "Fix various UTF8 parsing bugs.\n\nIn particular, parse bad UTF8 by replacing the broken bits with U+FFFD\nand resychronise correctly after broken sequences."
}
{
  "name": "Stephen Dolan",
  "message": "Fix example in manual for `floor`. See #155."
}
{
  "name": "Nicolas Williams",
  "message": "Document floor"
}

这里 .[] 获取的是数组中的所有项。

我们看到，结果是一个个独立的JSON对象，如何把结果组合成一个数组呢？

6、以数组形式自定义输出多项

jq ‘[.[] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name}]‘

结果：

[
  {
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
  },
  {
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Reject all overlong UTF8 sequences."
  },
  {
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Fix various UTF8 parsing bugs.\n\nIn particular, parse bad UTF8 by replacing the broken bits with U+FFFD\nand resychronise correctly after broken sequences."
  },
  {
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Fix example in manual for `floor`. See #155."
  },
  {
    "name": "Nicolas Williams",
    "message": "Document floor"
  }
]

我们可以看到，只要在上一步的命令中内容的两端加个中括号即可。

最后，我们如果想获取每个评论的引用评论的url（在parents节点中，有一个或多个）呢？

7、获取其他内容

jq ‘[.[] | {message: .commit.message, name: .commit.committer.name, parents: [.parents[].html_url]}]‘

结果：

[
  {
    "parents": [
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7",
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/8b1b503609c161fea4b003a7179b3fbb2dd4345a"
    ],
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Merge pull request #162 from stedolan/utf8-fixes\n\nUtf8 fixes. Closes #161"
  },
  {
    "parents": [
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/ff48bd6ec538b01d1057be8e93b94eef6914e9ef"
    ],
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Reject all overlong UTF8 sequences."
  },
  {
    "parents": [
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/54b9c9bdb225af5d886466d72f47eafc51acb4f7"
    ],
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Fix various UTF8 parsing bugs.\n\nIn particular, parse bad UTF8 by replacing the broken bits with U+FFFD\nand resychronise correctly after broken sequences."
  },
  {
    "parents": [
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/3dcdc582ea993afea3f5503a78a77675967ecdfa"
    ],
    "name": "Stephen Dolan",
    "message": "Fix example in manual for `floor`. See #155."
  },
  {
    "parents": [
      "https://github.com/stedolan/jq/commit/7c4171d414f647ab08bcd20c76a4d8ed68d9c602"
    ],
    "name": "Nicolas Williams",
    "message": "Document floor"
  }
]

这里用 .parents[].html_url 获取当前项的 parents 节点中的所有项的 html_url 属性的内容，然后两边加个中括号组装成数组输出。

怎么样，经过这个例子可以看出，用jq处理JSON数据还是很方便强大的吧。

8、注意点

jq能处理的需要是严格的JSON格式数据，JSON对象和JSON字符串是不行的，如下面的两种格式数据jq是不能处理的：

json对象：

{
    a: 1,
    b: {
        c: "abc"
    }
}

json字符串：

‘{"a":1,"b":{"c":"abc"}}‘

正确的JSON格式：

{
    "a": 1,
    "b": {
        "c": "abc"
    }
}

关于什么是JSON格式数据，请参考： http://www.json.org/

jq处理JSON数据

标签：sharp art iam 构造节点 css rgs script 方便

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/stevendes1/p/6644914.html

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