标签：color 缓冲 .text tlsv1 客户 效率 log soc 解决方案
Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了，HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection，增加了易用性和灵活性（具体区别，日后我们再讨论），它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易，而且也方便了开发人员测试接口（基于Http协议的），即提高了开发的效率，也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容，掌握HttpClient后，相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目，用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中，比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
1. 基于标准、纯净的Java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单，一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接
1 package com.test; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.FileInputStream; 5 import java.io.IOException; 6 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; 7 import java.security.KeyManagementException; 8 import java.security.KeyStore; 9 import java.security.KeyStoreException; 10 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; 11 import java.security.cert.CertificateException; 12 import java.util.ArrayList; 13 import java.util.List; 14 15 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; 16 17 import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; 18 import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; 19 import org.apache.http.ParseException; 20 import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; 21 import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; 22 import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; 23 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; 24 import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; 25 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; 26 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts; 27 import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; 28 import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; 29 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; 30 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; 31 import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; 32 import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; 33 import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; 34 import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; 35 import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; 36 import org.junit.Test; 37 38 public class HttpClientTest { 39 40 @Test 41 public void jUnitTest() { 42 get(); 43 } 44 45 /** 46 * HttpClient连接SSL 47 */ 48 public void ssl() { 49 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 50 try { 51 KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 52 FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); 53 try { 54 // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore 55 trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); 56 } catch (CertificateException e) { 57 e.printStackTrace(); 58 } finally { 59 try { 60 instream.close(); 61 } catch (Exception ignore) { 62 } 63 } 64 // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书 65 SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); 66 // 只允许使用TLSv1协议 67 SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, 68 SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 69 httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); 70 // 创建http请求(get方式) 71 HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 72 System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); 73 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 74 try { 75 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 76 System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 77 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 78 if (entity != null) { 79 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 80 System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 81 EntityUtils.consume(entity); 82 } 83 } finally { 84 response.close(); 85 } 86 } catch (ParseException e) { 87 e.printStackTrace(); 88 } catch (IOException e) { 89 e.printStackTrace(); 90 } catch (KeyManagementException e) { 91 e.printStackTrace(); 92 } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 93 e.printStackTrace(); 94 } catch (KeyStoreException e) { 95 e.printStackTrace(); 96 } finally { 97 if (httpclient != null) { 98 try { 99 httpclient.close(); 100 } catch (IOException e) { 101 e.printStackTrace(); 102 } 103 } 104 } 105 } 106 107 /** 108 * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 109 */ 110 public void postForm() { 111 // 创建默认的httpClient实例. 112 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 113 // 创建httppost 114 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 115 // 创建参数队列 116 List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 117 formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); 118 formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); 119 UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 120 try { 121 uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 122 httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 123 System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 124 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 125 try { 126 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 127 if (entity != null) { 128 System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 129 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 130 System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 131 } 132 } finally { 133 response.close(); 134 } 135 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 136 e.printStackTrace(); 137 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 138 e1.printStackTrace(); 139 } catch (IOException e) { 140 e.printStackTrace(); 141 } finally { 142 // 关闭连接,释放资源 143 try { 144 httpclient.close(); 145 } catch (IOException e) { 146 e.printStackTrace(); 147 } 148 } 149 } 150 151 /** 152 * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 153 */ 154 public void post() { 155 // 创建默认的httpClient实例. 156 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 157 // 创建httppost 158 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 159 // 创建参数队列 160 List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>(); 161 formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); 162 UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 163 try { 164 uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 165 httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 166 System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 167 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 168 try { 169 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 170 if (entity != null) { 171 System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 172 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 173 System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 174 } 175 } finally { 176 response.close(); 177 } 178 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 179 e.printStackTrace(); 180 } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 181 e1.printStackTrace(); 182 } catch (IOException e) { 183 e.printStackTrace(); 184 } finally { 185 // 关闭连接,释放资源 186 try { 187 httpclient.close(); 188 } catch (IOException e) { 189 e.printStackTrace(); 190 } 191 } 192 } 193 194 /** 195 * 发送 get请求 196 */ 197 public void get() { 198 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 199 try { 200 // 创建httpget. 201 HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); 202 System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); 203 // 执行get请求. 204 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 205 try { 206 // 获取响应实体 207 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 208 System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 209 // 打印响应状态 210 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 211 if (entity != null) { 212 // 打印响应内容长度 213 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 214 // 打印响应内容 215 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 216 } 217 System.out.println("------------------------------------"); 218 } finally { 219 response.close(); 220 } 221 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 222 e.printStackTrace(); 223 } catch (ParseException e) { 224 e.printStackTrace(); 225 } catch (IOException e) { 226 e.printStackTrace(); 227 } finally { 228 // 关闭连接,释放资源 229 try { 230 httpclient.close(); 231 } catch (IOException e) { 232 e.printStackTrace(); 233 } 234 } 235 } 236 237 /** 238 * 上传文件 239 */ 240 public void upload() { 241 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 242 try { 243 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); 244 245 FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); 246 StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); 247 248 HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); 249 250 httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); 251 252 System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); 253 CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 254 try { 255 System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 256 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 257 HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 258 if (resEntity != null) { 259 System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); 260 } 261 EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); 262 } finally { 263 response.close(); 264 } 265 } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 266 e.printStackTrace(); 267 } catch (IOException e) { 268 e.printStackTrace(); 269 } finally { 270 try { 271 httpclient.close(); 272 } catch (IOException e) { 273 e.printStackTrace(); 274 } 275 } 276 } 277 }
本实例是采用HttpClient4.3最新版本。该版本与之前的代码写法风格相差较大，大家多留意下。
标签：color 缓冲 .text tlsv1 客户 效率 log soc 解决方案
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/yjqc/p/6661754.html
