标签：mysql 优化 索引
1、测试环境：MySQL 5.7.17
2、测试表结构
mysql> show create table a; +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | a | CREATE TABLE `a` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk | +-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table b; +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | b | CREATE TABLE `b` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL, `tx` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gbk | +-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3、两张表的数据量
mysql> select count(*) from a; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 7 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from b; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4、查看执行计划
mysql> explain select name from a,b where a.id=b.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7 | 100.00 | NULL | | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.a.id | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from a,b where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7 | 100.00 | NULL | | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.a.id | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from b,a where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 7 | 100.00 | NULL | | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.a.id | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
5、向a表插入3数据，使两表数据量一样，查看执行计划，发现第三条语句的执行计划发生了变化
mysql> insert into a values(8,‘test‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into a values(9,‘test‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into a values(10,‘test‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select count(*) from a; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from a,b where a.id=b.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | NULL | | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.a.id | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from a,b where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | NULL | | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.a.id | 1 | 100.00 | Using index | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from b,a where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | index | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.b.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
6、向a表插入1条数据，使a表数据量大于b表，查看执行计划，三条语句执行计划都发现了变化
mysql> insert into a values(11,‘test‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select count(*) from a; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 11 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from a,b where a.id=b.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | index | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.b.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from a,b where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | index | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.b.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> explain select name from b,a where b.id=a.id; +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | b | NULL | index | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 10 | 100.00 | Using index | | 1 | SIMPLE | a | NULL | eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | apex.b.id | 1 | 100.00 | NULL | +----+-------------+-------+------------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+-----------+------+----------+-------------+ 2 rows in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
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标签：mysql 优化 索引
原文地址：http://corasql.blog.51cto.com/5908329/1913105
