python - 常用模块 - xml处理模块

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 #coding:utf-8
 3 
 4 
 5 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 6 
 7 print(‘‘‘ 
 8      =============打印根节点的名字============
 9     ‘‘‘)
10 tree = ET.parse("./file/test.xml")    #指定要解析的xml文件
11 root = tree.getroot()   #根节点里面的所有内容
12 print(root.tag)      #打印xml文件根节点的名字,eg：./file/test.xml中的data
13 
14 print(‘‘‘ 
15      =============遍历整个xml文档============
16     ‘‘‘)
17 #遍历xml文档   .tag:节点名   .attrib: 节点属性   .text: 节点内容
18 for child in root:      #打印根节点下的第一层子节点 country
19     print(child.tag, child.attrib)
20     for i in child:      #打印第一层子节点下的子节点（第二层子节点）
21         print(i.tag,i.text)
22 
23 print(‘‘‘ 
24      =============只遍历year 节点============
25     ‘‘‘)
26 #只遍历year 节点   
27 # root.iter(‘year‘): 在./file/test.xml中选择出所有节点名为‘year‘的节点
28 # .iter(‘year‘)  返回一个迭代器包含所有匹配的元素。
29 for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
30     print(node.tag,node.text)
31 
32 print(‘‘‘
33     =============修改xml文档============
34 ‘‘‘)
35 #修改xml文档，把所有year节点的值+1
36 for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
37     new_year = int(node.text) + 1
38     node.text = str(new_year)
39     node.set("updated","yes")    #给节点增加属性
40  
41 tree.write("./file/test1.xml")   #对文档做修改后要进行写入，才能保存修改
42 print("修改结果看./file/test1.xml") 
43 
44 print(‘‘‘
45     =============删除xml文档节点============
46 ‘‘‘)
47 #删除指定node
48 #for country in root.iter(‘country‘):   可以有同样效果，原理不同
49 for country in root.findall(‘country‘):
50     print(country.tag,country.attrib)
51     rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)
52     if rank > 50:
53         root.remove(country)
54  
55 tree.write(‘./file/test2.xml‘)    #对文档做修改后要进行写入，才能保存修改
56 print("删除后的结果看./file/test1.xml") 
57 
58 
59 
60 print(‘=============创建xml文档============‘)
61 
62 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
63 
64 new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")  #定义根节点
65 name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name1",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
66 age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
67 sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
68 age.text = ‘33‘
69 sex.text = ‘male‘
70 name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name2",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
71 age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
72 sex = ET.SubElement(name2,"sex")
73 age.text = ‘19‘
74 sex.text = ‘female‘
75 
76 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
77 et.write("./file/test3.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
78 
79 #ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式在屏幕
80 
81 print(‘创建后结果看./file/test3.xml‘)