python 【第四篇】函数基础

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
#深浅拷贝
import copy
#浅拷贝
#copy.copy()
#深拷贝
#copy.deepcopy()
#赋值

#字符串，数字,无论深拷贝浅拷贝还是赋值，永远指向内存的一块地址
a1 = "fdkoslagj"
a2 = a1
print(id(a1))
print(id(a2))

#其他，元组，列表，字典
n1 = {"k1":"wu","k2":123,"k3":["alex",456]}
n2 = n1
print(id(n1))
print(id(n2))
#浅拷贝
n3 = copy.copy(n1)
print(id(n1))
print(id(n3))

print(id(n1["k3"]))
print(id(n3["k3"]))

#深拷贝
n4 = copy.deepcopy(n1)
print(id(n1))
print(id(n4))

dic = {
    "cpu":[80,],
    "mem":[80,],
    "dist":[80,]
}

print(‘before‘,dic)
#深拷贝，迭代拷贝
new_dic1 = copy.deepcopy(dic)
#改变内容，原变量也会变
#new_dic2 = copy.copy(dic)
new_dic1[‘cpu‘][0]=50
print(dic)
print(new_dic1)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

s1 = set([11,22,33])
s2 = set([22,44])

#在s1中除去s1与s2的交集
ret1 = s1.difference(s2)
#求s1和s2的差集
ret2 = s1.symmetric_difference(s2)

ret3 = s2.symmetric_difference(s1)
ret4 = s2.difference(s1)

print(ret1)
print(ret2)
print(ret3)
print(ret4)

import collections
#元素计数 对字典
obj = collections.Counter(‘kdfjsalgjkdlsajg:j‘)
print(obj)
#取前四个
ret = obj.most_common(4)
print(ret)
for item in obj.elements():
    #输出所有元素
    print(item)
for k,v in obj.items():
    #输出计数后的元素：个数
    print(k,v)

#有序字典

#将字典的key,保存在列表中

#有序字典
dic = collections.OrderedDict()
dic[‘k1‘]=‘v1‘
dic[‘k2‘]=‘v2‘
print(dic)
#将k1拿到最后
dic.move_to_end(‘k1‘)
print(dic)
‘‘‘
#要加参数
dic.pop(‘k1‘)
print(dic)
#移除最后一个
dic.popitem()
print(dic)
‘‘‘
dic.update({‘k1‘:‘v11‘,‘k10‘:‘v10‘})
print(dic)

#默认字典,key值对应的是一个列表
dic = collections.defaultdict(list)
dic[‘k1‘].append(‘alex‘)
print(dic)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import collections

#可命名元组,自定义索引值
MytupleClass = collections.namedtuple(‘MytupleClass‘,[‘x‘,‘y‘,‘z‘])
obj = MytupleClass(11,22,33)
print(obj.x,obj.y,obj.z)

#双向队列
d = collections.deque()
d.append(‘1‘)
d.appendleft(‘10‘)
d.appendleft(‘1‘)
print(d)
r=d.count(‘1‘)
print(r)
d.extend([‘xx‘,‘yy‘])
print(d)
d.extendleft([‘zz‘])
print(d)
#循环右移
d.rotate(1)
print(d)
d.rotate(2)
print(d)
#单项队列
import queue
q = queue.Queue()
q.put(‘123‘)
print(q.qsize())
print(q.get())

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
‘‘‘
1.需要开启邮箱服务sendmail
2.邮箱服务器需要开启SMTP服务
‘‘‘
def sendmail():
    try:
        import smtplib
        from email.mime.text import MIMEText
        from email.utils import formataddr

        msg = MIMEText(‘邮件内容‘, ‘plain‘, ‘utf-8‘)
        msg[‘From‘] = formataddr(["发件人", ‘pythonxiao@126.com‘])
        msg[‘To‘] = formataddr(["收件人", ‘329275108@qq.com‘])
        msg[‘Subject‘] = "邮件主题"

        server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.126.com", 25)
        server.login("pythonxiao@126.com", "xiaozhiqi2016")
        server.sendmail(‘pythonxiao@126.com‘, [329275108@qq.com, ], msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
    except:
        return "失败"
    else:
        return ‘cc‘

ret = sendmail(msg)
if ret == ‘cc‘:
    print("发送成功")
else:
    print("发送失败")

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

#默认参数放后边
def show(a1,a2=999):
    print(a1,a2)
show(111)

#指定参数
def show1(a1,a2):
    print(a1,a2)
show1(a2=123,a1=999)

#参数为列表
def show2(arg):
    print(arg)
n=[11,22,33,44]
show2(n)

# *arg 输出元组类型
def show3(*arg):
    print(arg,type(arg))
show3(1,33,44,55)

# **arg 输出字典类型
def show4(**arg):
    print(arg,type(arg))
show4(n1=78)

# *args **kwargs
def show5(*args,**kwargs):
    print(args,type(args))
    print(kwargs,type(kwargs))
show5(11,22,33,n1=88,alex=‘sb‘)

#会将俩个都给*args
l = [11,33,55]
d = {‘n1‘:88,‘alex‘:‘sb‘}
show5(l,d)

#可以用一下方式实现*args -->l,**kwargs -->d
show5(*l,**d)

#字符串格式化一
s1 = "{0} is {1}"
result = s1.format(‘alex‘,‘2b‘)
print(result)

#字符串格式化二
s2 = "{name} is {acter}"
result = s2.format(name=‘alex‘,acter=‘sb‘)
print(result)

#字符串格式化三
s3 ="{name} is {acter}"
d = {‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘acter‘:‘shab‘}
result = s3.format(**d)
print(result)

#字符串格式化一
s1 = "{0} is {1}"
result = s1.format(‘alex‘,‘2b‘)
print(result)

#字符串格式化二
s2 = "{name} is {acter}"
result = s2.format(name=‘alex‘,acter=‘sb‘)
print(result)

#字符串格式化三
s3 ="{name} is {acter}"
d = {‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘acter‘:‘shab‘}
result = s3.format(**d)
print(result)

#写
f = open(‘test.log‘,‘w‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
f.write(‘xuxiaopao‘)
f.close()
#读 read(2)是按照字符拿的
f = open(‘test.log‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
ret = f.read(5)
print(ret)
f.close()

#tell按照细节搞的,查看当前指针位置
f = open(‘test.log‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
print(f.tell())
f.read(5)
print(f.tell())
f.close()

#seek 指定当前指针位置
f = open(‘test.log‘,‘r‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
f.seek(3) #2会出错 ，3正常
ret = f.read(3)
print(ret)
f.close()

#truncate 只保留前边的东西，后边的不要
f = open(‘test.log‘,‘r+‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘)
f.seek(3)
#print(f.read())
f.truncate()
f.close()