标签:varnish内置变量 varnish配置文件 varnish实例
Receive—————— Pass \ Pipe
| |
| |
| Fetch —————
| ↑ |
| | |
Lookup ——— Miss |
| |
| ↓
Hit ———————————deliver
varnishd变量类型详解:
请求到达varnish,可以使用的VCL内置公用变量
req.backend # 指定对应的后端主机
req.request # 指定请求的类型:GET HEAD POST 等
req.http.header # 指定请求中的http头信息
req.url #指定请求的地址
req.proto #表示client请求的http协议版本
req.restarts #表示请求重启的次数,默认最大值为4
向后端主机请求时,可以使用的VCL内置的公用变量
beresp.request #指定请求的类型,例如GET 和HEAD等
beresp.url #指定请求地址
beresp.proto #指定client请求的http协议版本
beresp.http.header #指定请求中的http头信息
beresp.ttl #缓存的生存周期,也就是cache保留多长时间,单位是S
beresp.status #指定内容的请求代码,例如502,503等
从cache或后端主机获取内容后,可以使用的
obj.status #返回内容的请求状态代码,例如200,302,504等
obj.cacheable #返回内容是否可以缓存,也就是说,如果http返回的是200,203,300,301,302 404 或410等,并且有非0的生存周期,则可以缓存。
obj.valid #是否是有效的http应答
obj.response #返回内容的请求状态信息
obj.proto #返回内容的http协议版本
obj.ttl #返回内容的生存周期,也就是缓存时间,单位是s
obj.lastuse #返回上一次请求到现在的间隔时间,单位是s
返回给client的,可以使用的
resp.status #返回给client的http状态代码
resp.proto #返回给client的http协议版本
resp.http.header #返回给client的http头部信息
resp.response #返回给client的http状态信息
unset req.http.cookie #清除cookie缓存
default.vcl: #实例仅供参考
# This is a basic VCL configuration file for varnish. See the vcl(7)
# man page for details on VCL syntax and semantics.
#
# Default backend definition. Set this to point to your content
# server.
#
backend webserver1 {
.host = "127.0.0.1"; #定义web1的ip 和nginx的端口
.port = "8081";
}
backend webserver3 {
.host = "10.2.16.253"; #定义web1的ip 和nginx的端口
.port = "8081";
}
backend img {
.host = "10.2.16.253"; #定义图片服务器的ip和nginx端口
.port = "8090";
}
#backend webserver4 {
# .host = "10.2.16.254";
# .port = "8082";
#}
#
# Below is a commented-out copy of the default VCL logic. If you
# redefine any of these subroutines, the built-in logic will be
# appended to your code.
#
director webserver random { #定义一个director服务器组,由后端两台web来承担请求,用权值来分配请求几率;
{.backend = webserver1; .weight = 1;}
{.backend = webserver3; .weight = 1;}
}
acl purge { #定义清除缓存规则,允许127.0.0.1和10.2.16.0 网段的ip通过PURGE方法清除缓存;
"127.0.0.1";
"10.2.16.0"/24;
}
sub vcl_recv { #Receive模块;
if (req.request == "PURGE") { #当发送PURGE请求的客户端不在acl中设定的地址时,将返回405代码,提示“Not allowed.”
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}
elseif (req.url ~ "\. (php|cgi)($|\?)") { #当请求的URL以php或cgi结尾时,则不缓存,交给后端服务器处理。
return (pass);
}
else {
return (lookup);
}
}
if (req.url ~ "^/img") { #当URL中包括img时,将请求发送给img服务器,否则,发送给web1服务器。
set req.backend = img;
} else {
set req.backend = webserver1;
}
#if ((req.http.host ~"www.xxx.com")&&(req.restarts ==0)) {
# set req.backend = webserver;
#} elseif (req.restarts == 1) {
# set req.backend = webserver4;
#}
if (req.http.host ~"www.xxx.com") { #如果请求的URL是 "www.xxx.com",则将请求分发给服务器组webserver。
set req.backend = webserver;
}
#if (req.url ~ "^/images") { #清除/images目录下的所有缓存,如果访问的URL匹配这个规则,那么头信息中的cookie就会被删除。
# unset req.http.cookie;
# }
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") #如果请求不是GET和HEAD,则缓存
{
return (pipe);
}
elseif (req.http.Authenticate || req.http.Authorization) {
return (pass);
}
return (lookup);
}
sub vcl_hit # Hit模块
{
if (req.request == "PURGE") { # 如果请求类型是PURGE方法,varnishd会将此请求的缓存周期设置为0,也就是使这个URL的缓存失效,从而达到刷新varnish缓存的目的。
set obj.ttl = 0s; #设置缓存周期为0
error 200 "Purged.";
}
if (!obj.cacheable)
{
return (pass);
}
if (obj.http.Vary)
{
unset obj.http.Vary;
}
}
sub vcl_miss #Miss模块
{
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "Not in cache.";
}
}
sub vcl_hash { #Hash模块
set req.hash += req.url; #定义hash值,并且处理压缩内容
if (req.http.host) {
set req.hash += req.http.host;
} else {
set req.hash += server.ip;
}
if ( req.http.Accept-Encoding ){
if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|jpeg|png|xsl|xml|pdf|ppt|doc|docx|chm|rar|zip|bmp|jpeg|swf|ico|mp3|mp4|rmvb|ogg|mov|avi|wmv|swf|txt|png|gif|jpg|css|js|html|htm)$") {
} else {
set req.hash += req.http.Accept-Encoding;
}
}
return (hash);
}
sub vcl_fetch #Fetch模块
{
if (!beresp.cacheable) {
return (pass);
}
if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
return (pass);
}
if (beresp.status == 500 || beresp.status == 501 || beresp.status == 502 || beresp.status == 503 || beresp.status == 504 || beresp.status == 404)
#定义在什么状态下进入restart模式
{
return (restart);
}
if (beresp.http.Pragma ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache" || beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "private")
#定义不缓存内容含有哪些http头的请求
{
return (pass);
}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(css|js|html|htm)$") { #定义不同内容的缓存时间
set beresp.ttl = 300s;
}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|tiff|img)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 3600s;
}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(svg|swf|ico|mp3|mp4|wav|rmvb|avi|wmv)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 10d;
}
return (deliver);
}
sub vcl_deliver { #Deliver模块
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "HIT from www.xxx.com";
} else {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "MISS from www.xxx.com";
}
return (deliver);
}
# }
#if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
# return (pass);
#}
# return (deliver);
#}
# sub vcl_error {
# set obj.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
# synthetic {"
# <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
# <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
# "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>"} obj.status " " obj.response {"</title>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Error "} obj.status " " obj.response {"</h1>
# <p>"} obj.response {"</p>
# <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>
# <p>XID: "} req.xid {"</p>
# <hr>
# <address>
# <a href="http://www.varnish-cache.org/">Varnish cache server</a>
# </address>
# </body>
# </html>
# "};
# return (deliver);
# }
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标签:varnish内置变量 varnish配置文件 varnish实例
原文地址:http://czybl.blog.51cto.com/4283444/1544837