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MySQL 高可用架构

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标签:mmm   mysql   mariadb   高可用   主从复制   

一、MMM 架构

        MMM(Master-Master replication manger for MySQL)是一套支持双主故障切换和双主日常管理的脚本程序,MMM使用Perl语言开发,

    主要用来监控和管理MySQL Master-Master(双主)复制,虽然叫做双主复制,但业务上同一时刻只允许一个主进行写入,另一台备选主上提供部

    分读服务,以加速在主主切换时刻备选主的预热,可以说MMM这套脚本程序一方面实现了故障切换功能,另一方面其内部附加的工具脚本也可以

    实现多个slaves负载均衡。

        MMM提供了自动和手动两种方式移除一组服务器中复制延时较高的服务器服务器的虚拟IP,同时它还可以备份数据、实现两节点之间的数据

     同步等。

        由于MMM无法完全地保证数据一致性,所以MMM适用于对数据的一致性要求不是很高,但又想最大程度的保证业务可用性的场景。


     例:三台主机


           角色              IP地址            主机名字       server id

           --------------------------------------------------------------            

           monitor host     192.168.110.130       db3                         

           --------------------------------------------------------------

           master 1         192.168.110.128       db1             1                writer(192.168.110.132)

           --------------------------------------------------------------

           master 2         192.168.110.130       db2             2                reader(192.168.110.133)

           --------------------------------------------------------------

           slave 1          192.168.110.131       db3             3                reader(192.168.110.134)

           --------------------------------------------------------------


          1、主机配置


             [root@www ~]# cat /etc/hosts

              127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

              ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

              192.168.110.128 db1.pancou.com db1

              192.168.110.130 db2.pancou.com  db2

              192.168.110.131 db3.pancou.com  db3

          2、mysql的安装和配置


             db1:

              server-id       = 1


              log-slave-updates=true

              #gtid-mode=on 

              #enforce-gtid-consistency=true

              master-info-repository=TABLE

              relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

              sync-master-info=1

              slave-parallel-threads=2

              binlog-checksum=CRC32

              master-verify-checksum=1

              slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

              binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

              report-port=3306

              report-host=www.pancou.com

            db2:

              server-id       = 2


              log-slave-updates=true

              #gtid-mode=on 

              #enforce-gtid-consistency=true

              master-info-repository=TABLE

              relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

              sync-master-info=1

              slave-parallel-threads=2

              binlog-checksum=CRC32

              master-verify-checksum=1

              slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

              binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

              report-port=3306

              report-host=www.pancou.com

           db3:

            server-id       = 3


            log-slave-updates=true

            #gtid-mode=on 

            #enforce-gtid-consistency=true

            master-info-repository=TABLE

            relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

            sync-master-info=1

            slave-parallel-threads=2

            binlog-checksum=CRC32

            master-verify-checksum=1

            slave-sql-verify-checksum=1

            binlog-rows-query-log_events=1

            report-port=3306

            report-host=www.pancou.com

          3、主从复制,和双主复制看前面复制章节


          4、安装mysql-mmm


              1. 安装监控程序

                在管理服务器和数据库服务器上分别要运行mysql-mmm monitor和agent程序。下面分别安装:

                前提要安装

                #rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 

                在管理服务器(192.168.110.130)上,执行下面命令:

                  

                # yum -y install mysql-mmm-monitor*


                与monitor依赖的所有文件也会随之安装,但是有一个例外perl-Time-HiRes,所以还需要执行下面的命令:

                [plain] view plain copy print?

                 # yum -y install perl-Time-HiRes*  

               

               2. 安装代理程序 


                # yum -y install mysql-mmm-agent*


                在192.168.110.128和192.168.110.131 上分别安装:

                # yum -y install mysql-mmm-agent*


           5、配置MMM

              

              1.配置agent文件,需要在db1,db2,db3分别配置

                 完成安装后,所有的配置文件都放到了/etc/mysql-mmm/下面。管理服务器和数据库服务器上都要包含一个共同

                 的文件mmm_common.conf,

                 

              在db1上配置:

               active_master_role      writer


              <host default>

                  cluster_interface       eth0

                  pid_path                /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid

                  bin_path                /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/

                  replication_user        repl_user

                  replication_password    pancou

                  agent_user              mmm-agent

                  agent_password          mmm-agent

              </host>


              <host db1>

                  ip      192.168.110.128

                  mode    master

                  peer    db2

              </host>


              <host db2>

                  ip      192.168.110.130

                  mode    master

                  peer    db1

              </host>


              <host db3>

                  ip      192.168.110.131

                  mode    slave

              </host>


              <role writer>

                  hosts   db1, db2

                  ips     192.168.110.132

                  mode    exclusive

              </role>


              <role reader>

                  hosts   db2, db3

                  ips     192.168.110.133, 192.168.110.134

                  mode    balanced

              </role>

              

              可以在db1上编辑该文件后,通过scp命令分别复制到monitor、db2、db3和db4上。

              复制到db2上:

              scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_com.conf db2:/etc/mysql-mmm/

              复制到db3上:

              scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_com.conf db3:/etc/mysql-mmm/


          2. 编辑mmm_agent.conf。在数据库服务器上,还有一个mmm_agent.conf需要修改

              

              db1:


              # vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf 

              include mmm_common.conf


              # The ‘this‘ variable refers to this server.  Proper operation requires 

              # that ‘this‘ server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the 

              # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.

              this db1


              db2:


              # vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf              

              include mmm_common.conf


              # The ‘this‘ variable refers to this server.  Proper operation requires 

              # that ‘this‘ server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the 

              # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.

              this db2 


             db3:


             # vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_agent.conf              

              include mmm_common.conf


              # The ‘this‘ variable refers to this server.  Proper operation requires 

              # that ‘this‘ server (db1 by default), as well as all other servers, have the 

              # proper IP addresses set in mmm_common.conf.

              this db3

             

           3. 编辑mmm_mon.confg。在管理服务器上,修改mmm_mon.conf文件 

              在db2上

              # vim /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf 

              include mmm_common.conf


              <monitor>

                  ip                  127.0.0.1

                  pid_path            /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid

                  bin_path            /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm

                  status_path         /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status

                  ping_ips            192.168.110.128,192.168.110.130,192.168.110.131

                  auto_set_online     60


                  # The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will

                  # throw a warning about it missing.  See the section 5.10 "Kill Host 

                  # Functionality" in the PDF documentation.

                  #

                  # kill_host_bin     /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host

                  #

              </monitor>


              <host default>

                  monitor_user        mmm_monitor

                  monitor_password    mmm_monitor

              </host>      


       6、创建监控

          MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication client on *.* to ‘mmm_monitor‘@‘192.168.110.%‘ identified by ‘mmm_monitor‘;

          MariaDB [(none)]> grant super,replication client,process on *.* to ‘mmm-agent‘@‘192.168.110.%‘ identified by ‘mmm-agent‘;

          MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.*  to ‘repl_user‘@‘192.168.110.%‘ identified by ‘pancou‘;

          MariaDB [(none)]> flush priviliges;


       7、启动MMM

          1. 在数据库服务器上启动代理程序


          # service mysql-mmm-agent start

          Starting MMM Agent Daemon:                                 [  OK  ]


          2. 在管理服务器上启动监控程序


          # service mysql-mmm-monitor start

          Starting MMM Monitor Daemon:                               [  OK  ]


       8、在monitor上检查集群主机的状态

          [root@www ~]# mmm_control checks all

          db2  ping         [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK

          db2  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK

          db2  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  ERROR: Replication is broken

          db2  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK: Backlog is null

          db3  ping         [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK

          db3  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:57]  OK

          db3  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:54]  OK

          db3  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:54]  OK: Backlog is null

          db1  ping         [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK

          db1  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK

          db1  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:55:25]  ERROR: Replication is broken

          db1  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/04 08:54:52]  OK: Backlog is null

        

        复制问题解决以后:

        [root@www ~]# mmm_control checks all

        db2  ping         [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db2  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db2  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db2  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK: Backlog is null

        db3  ping         [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db3  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db3  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db3  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK: Backlog is null

        db1  ping         [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db1  mysql        [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db1  rep_threads  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK

        db1  rep_backlog  [last change: 2016/07/05 03:54:20]  OK: Backlog is null


        [root@www ~]# mmm_control show

        # Warning: agent on host db1 is not reachable

        # Warning: agent on host db3 is not reachable

          db1(192.168.110.128) master/REPLICATION_FAIL. Roles: 

          db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.128), reader(192.168.110.130), writer(192.168.110.132)

          db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: 


        复制问题解决以后:

        [root@www ~]# mmm_control show

        # Warning: agent on host db1 is not reachable

        # Warning: agent on host db2 is not reachable

          db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: 

          db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: 

          db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: 


      iptales -F 


      [root@www ~]# mmm_control show

      db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: 

      db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133), writer(192.168.110.132)

      db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.134)


      9、MMM高可用环境测试


         在db2上:

         [root@www ~]# service mysqld stop

          Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

          

         [root@www ~]# iptables -F


         在monitor上:

         [root@www ~]# mmm_control show

          db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.110.132)

          db2(192.168.110.130) master/HARD_OFFLINE. Roles: 

          db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133), reader(192.168.110.134)


         [root@www ~]# tail -f /var/log/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.log 

          2016/07/05 07:38:33 FATAL Agent on host ‘db2‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:38:41 FATAL Can‘t reach agent on host ‘db2‘

          2016/07/05 07:38:45 FATAL Agent on host ‘db2‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:45:43 FATAL Agent on host ‘db1‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:48:48 FATAL Can‘t reach agent on host ‘db3‘

          2016/07/05 07:49:03 FATAL Can‘t reach agent on host ‘db2‘

          2016/07/05 07:49:12 FATAL Can‘t reach agent on host ‘db1‘

          2016/07/05 07:49:18 FATAL Agent on host ‘db1‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:49:34 FATAL Agent on host ‘db2‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:49:46 FATAL Agent on host ‘db3‘ is reachable again

          2016/07/05 07:56:00 FATAL State of host ‘db2‘ changed from ONLINE to HARD_OFFLINE (ping: OK, mysql: not OK)

        此时,db2,的状态由ONLINE 变为 HARD_OFFLINE,把db2的读角色转移到db3,写角色转移到db1.


        [root@www ~]# service mysqld start

        Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 


        2016/07/05 08:00:29 FATAL State of host ‘db2‘ changed from HARD_OFFLINE to AWAITING_RECOVERY 

        2016/07/05 08:01:29 FATAL State of host ‘db2‘ changed from AWAITING_RECOVERY to ONLINE because of auto_set_online(60 seconds). It was in state AWAITING_RECOVERY for 60 seconds


        查看集群状态:

        [root@www ~]# mmm_control show

        db1(192.168.110.128) master/ONLINE. Roles: writer(192.168.110.132)

        db2(192.168.110.130) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.133)

        db3(192.168.110.131) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.110.134)


        [root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h192.168.110.132

        Enter password: 

        Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

        Your MariaDB connection id is 9108

        Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution


        Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.


        Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.


        MariaDB [(none)]> 

            

       [root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h192.168.110.133

        Enter password: 

        Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

        Your MariaDB connection id is 184

        Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution


        Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.


        Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.


        MariaDB [(none)]> 

      

      [root@www ~]# mysql -ummm-monitor -p -h192.168.110.134

      Enter password: 

      Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

      Your MariaDB connection id is 9446

      Server version: 10.0.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution


      Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.


      Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.


      MariaDB [(none)]> 


本文出自 “linunx运维专题” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://lijianmin2008.blog.51cto.com/621678/1925092

MySQL 高可用架构

标签:mmm   mysql   mariadb   高可用   主从复制   

原文地址:http://lijianmin2008.blog.51cto.com/621678/1925092

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