标签:默认 state tar row tee false i++ instance 查找
转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/ns_code/article/details/36191279
Hashtable简介
Hashtable同样是基于哈希表实现的,同样每个元素是一个key-value对,其内部也是通过单链表解决冲突问题,容量不足(超过了阀值)时,同样会自动增长。
Hashtable也是JDK1.0引入的类,是线程安全的,能用于多线程环境中。
Hashtable同样实现了Serializable接口,它支持序列化,实现了Cloneable接口,能被克隆。
HashTable源码剖析
Hashtable的源码的很多实现都与HashMap差不多,源码如下(加入了比较详细的注释):
- package java.util;
- import java.io.*;
-
- public class Hashtable<K,V>
- extends Dictionary<K,V>
- implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
-
-
-
- private transient Entry[] table;
-
-
- private transient int count;
-
-
- private int threshold;
-
-
- private float loadFactor;
-
-
- private transient int modCount = 0;
-
-
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 1421746759512286392L;
-
-
- public Hashtable(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
- if (initialCapacity < 0)
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
- initialCapacity);
- if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Load: "+loadFactor);
-
- if (initialCapacity==0)
- initialCapacity = 1;
- this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
- table = new Entry[initialCapacity];
- threshold = (int)(initialCapacity * loadFactor);
- }
-
-
- public Hashtable(int initialCapacity) {
- this(initialCapacity, 0.75f);
- }
-
-
- public Hashtable() {
-
- this(11, 0.75f);
- }
-
-
- public Hashtable(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {
- this(Math.max(2*t.size(), 11), 0.75f);
-
- putAll(t);
- }
-
- public synchronized int size() {
- return count;
- }
-
- public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
- return count == 0;
- }
-
-
- public synchronized Enumeration<K> keys() {
- return this.<K>getEnumeration(KEYS);
- }
-
-
- public synchronized Enumeration<V> elements() {
- return this.<V>getEnumeration(VALUES);
- }
-
-
- public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
-
-
- if (value == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
-
-
-
- Entry tab[] = table;
- for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) {
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if (e.value.equals(value)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
- return contains(value);
- }
-
-
- public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
- Entry tab[] = table;
-
- int hash = key.hashCode();
-
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
-
-
- public synchronized V get(Object key) {
- Entry tab[] = table;
- int hash = key.hashCode();
-
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- return e.value;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
-
-
- protected void rehash() {
- int oldCapacity = table.length;
- Entry[] oldMap = table;
-
-
- int newCapacity = oldCapacity * 2 + 1;
- Entry[] newMap = new Entry[newCapacity];
-
- modCount++;
- threshold = (int)(newCapacity * loadFactor);
- table = newMap;
-
-
- for (int i = oldCapacity ; i-- > 0 ;) {
- for (Entry<K,V> old = oldMap[i] ; old != null ; ) {
- Entry<K,V> e = old;
- old = old.next;
-
- int index = (e.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % newCapacity;
- e.next = newMap[index];
- newMap[index] = e;
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {
-
- if (value == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
-
-
-
- Entry tab[] = table;
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- V old = e.value;
- e.value = value;
- return old;
- }
- }
-
-
-
- modCount++;
-
-
- if (count >= threshold) {
- rehash();
-
- tab = table;
- index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
- }
-
-
- Entry<K,V> e = tab[index];
- tab[index] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
- count++;
- return null;
- }
-
-
- public synchronized V remove(Object key) {
- Entry tab[] = table;
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
-
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null ; e != null ; prev = e, e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- modCount++;
- if (prev != null) {
- prev.next = e.next;
- } else {
- tab[index] = e.next;
- }
- count--;
- V oldValue = e.value;
- e.value = null;
- return oldValue;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
-
-
- public synchronized void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> t) {
- for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : t.entrySet())
- put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
- }
-
-
-
- public synchronized void clear() {
- Entry tab[] = table;
- modCount++;
- for (int index = tab.length; --index >= 0; )
- tab[index] = null;
- count = 0;
- }
-
-
- public synchronized Object clone() {
- try {
- Hashtable<K,V> t = (Hashtable<K,V>) super.clone();
- t.table = new Entry[table.length];
- for (int i = table.length ; i-- > 0 ; ) {
- t.table[i] = (table[i] != null)
- ? (Entry<K,V>) table[i].clone() : null;
- }
- t.keySet = null;
- t.entrySet = null;
- t.values = null;
- t.modCount = 0;
- return t;
- } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
- throw new InternalError();
- }
- }
-
- public synchronized String toString() {
- int max = size() - 1;
- if (max == -1)
- return "{}";
-
- StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
- Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> it = entrySet().iterator();
-
- sb.append(‘{‘);
- for (int i = 0; ; i++) {
- Map.Entry<K,V> e = it.next();
- K key = e.getKey();
- V value = e.getValue();
- sb.append(key == this ? "(this Map)" : key.toString());
- sb.append(‘=‘);
- sb.append(value == this ? "(this Map)" : value.toString());
-
- if (i == max)
- return sb.append(‘}‘).toString();
- sb.append(", ");
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- private <T> Enumeration<T> getEnumeration(int type) {
- if (count == 0) {
- return (Enumeration<T>)emptyEnumerator;
- } else {
- return new Enumerator<T>(type, false);
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- private <T> Iterator<T> getIterator(int type) {
- if (count == 0) {
- return (Iterator<T>) emptyIterator;
- } else {
- return new Enumerator<T>(type, true);
- }
- }
-
-
- private transient volatile Set<K> keySet = null;
-
- private transient volatile Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet = null;
-
- private transient volatile Collection<V> values = null;
-
-
-
- public Set<K> keySet() {
- if (keySet == null)
- keySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new KeySet(), this);
- return keySet;
- }
-
-
-
- private class KeySet extends AbstractSet<K> {
- public Iterator<K> iterator() {
- return getIterator(KEYS);
- }
- public int size() {
- return count;
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- return containsKey(o);
- }
- public boolean remove(Object o) {
- return Hashtable.this.remove(o) != null;
- }
- public void clear() {
- Hashtable.this.clear();
- }
- }
-
-
-
- public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
- if (entrySet==null)
- entrySet = Collections.synchronizedSet(new EntrySet(), this);
- return entrySet;
- }
-
-
-
- private class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
- public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
- return getIterator(ENTRIES);
- }
-
- public boolean add(Map.Entry<K,V> o) {
- return super.add(o);
- }
-
-
-
-
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
- return false;
- Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry)o;
- Object key = entry.getKey();
- Entry[] tab = table;
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next)
- if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry))
- return true;
- return false;
- }
-
-
-
-
- public boolean remove(Object o) {
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
- return false;
- Map.Entry<K,V> entry = (Map.Entry<K,V>) o;
- K key = entry.getKey();
- Entry[] tab = table;
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null;
- prev = e, e = e.next) {
- if (e.hash==hash && e.equals(entry)) {
- modCount++;
- if (prev != null)
- prev.next = e.next;
- else
- tab[index] = e.next;
-
- count--;
- e.value = null;
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- public int size() {
- return count;
- }
-
- public void clear() {
- Hashtable.this.clear();
- }
- }
-
-
-
- public Collection<V> values() {
- if (values==null)
- values = Collections.synchronizedCollection(new ValueCollection(),
- this);
- return values;
- }
-
-
-
- private class ValueCollection extends AbstractCollection<V> {
- public Iterator<V> iterator() {
- return getIterator(VALUES);
- }
- public int size() {
- return count;
- }
- public boolean contains(Object o) {
- return containsValue(o);
- }
- public void clear() {
- Hashtable.this.clear();
- }
- }
-
-
-
- public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) {
- if (o == this)
- return true;
-
- if (!(o instanceof Map))
- return false;
- Map<K,V> t = (Map<K,V>) o;
- if (t.size() != size())
- return false;
-
- try {
-
-
-
- Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> i = entrySet().iterator();
- while (i.hasNext()) {
- Map.Entry<K,V> e = i.next();
- K key = e.getKey();
- V value = e.getValue();
- if (value == null) {
- if (!(t.get(key)==null && t.containsKey(key)))
- return false;
- } else {
- if (!value.equals(t.get(key)))
- return false;
- }
- }
- } catch (ClassCastException unused) {
- return false;
- } catch (NullPointerException unused) {
- return false;
- }
-
- return true;
- }
-
-
-
-
- public synchronized int hashCode() {
- int h = 0;
- if (count == 0 || loadFactor < 0)
- return h;
-
- loadFactor = -loadFactor;
- Entry[] tab = table;
- for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; i++)
- for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
- h += e.key.hashCode() ^ e.value.hashCode();
- loadFactor = -loadFactor;
-
- return h;
- }
-
-
-
- private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
- throws IOException
- {
-
- s.defaultWriteObject();
-
-
- s.writeInt(table.length);
- s.writeInt(count);
- for (int index = table.length-1; index >= 0; index--) {
- Entry entry = table[index];
-
- while (entry != null) {
- s.writeObject(entry.key);
- s.writeObject(entry.value);
- entry = entry.next;
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
- private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
- throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
- {
-
- s.defaultReadObject();
-
-
- int origlength = s.readInt();
- int elements = s.readInt();
-
-
-
-
-
- int length = (int)(elements * loadFactor) + (elements / 20) + 3;
- if (length > elements && (length & 1) == 0)
- length--;
- if (origlength > 0 && length > origlength)
- length = origlength;
-
- Entry[] table = new Entry[length];
- count = 0;
-
-
- for (; elements > 0; elements--) {
- K key = (K)s.readObject();
- V value = (V)s.readObject();
-
- reconstitutionPut(table, key, value);
- }
- this.table = table;
- }
-
- private void reconstitutionPut(Entry[] tab, K key, V value)
- throws StreamCorruptedException
- {
- if (value == null) {
- throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException();
- }
-
-
- int hash = key.hashCode();
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException();
- }
- }
-
- Entry<K,V> e = tab[index];
- tab[index] = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
- count++;
- }
-
-
-
- private static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
-
- int hash;
- K key;
- V value;
-
- Entry<K,V> next;
-
-
- protected Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Entry<K,V> next) {
- this.hash = hash;
- this.key = key;
- this.value = value;
- this.next = next;
- }
-
- protected Object clone() {
- return new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value,
- (next==null ? null : (Entry<K,V>) next.clone()));
- }
-
- public K getKey() {
- return key;
- }
-
- public V getValue() {
- return value;
- }
-
-
- public V setValue(V value) {
- if (value == null)
- throw new NullPointerException();
-
- V oldValue = this.value;
- this.value = value;
- return oldValue;
- }
-
-
-
- public boolean equals(Object o) {
- if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
- return false;
- Map.Entry e = (Map.Entry)o;
-
- return (key==null ? e.getKey()==null : key.equals(e.getKey())) &&
- (value==null ? e.getValue()==null : value.equals(e.getValue()));
- }
-
- public int hashCode() {
- return hash ^ (value==null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
- }
-
- public String toString() {
- return key.toString()+"="+value.toString();
- }
- }
-
- private static final int KEYS = 0;
- private static final int VALUES = 1;
- private static final int ENTRIES = 2;
-
-
- private class Enumerator<T> implements Enumeration<T>, Iterator<T> {
-
- Entry[] table = Hashtable.this.table;
-
- int index = table.length;
- Entry<K,V> entry = null;
- Entry<K,V> lastReturned = null;
- int type;
-
-
-
- boolean iterator;
-
-
- protected int expectedModCount = modCount;
-
- Enumerator(int type, boolean iterator) {
- this.type = type;
- this.iterator = iterator;
- }
-
-
- public boolean hasMoreElements() {
- Entry<K,V> e = entry;
- int i = index;
- Entry[] t = table;
-
- while (e == null && i > 0) {
- e = t[--i];
- }
- entry = e;
- index = i;
- return e != null;
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- public T nextElement() {
- Entry<K,V> et = entry;
- int i = index;
- Entry[] t = table;
-
- while (et == null && i > 0) {
- et = t[--i];
- }
- entry = et;
- index = i;
- if (et != null) {
- Entry<K,V> e = lastReturned = entry;
- entry = e.next;
- return type == KEYS ? (T)e.key : (type == VALUES ? (T)e.value : (T)e);
- }
- throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator");
- }
-
-
-
- public boolean hasNext() {
- return hasMoreElements();
- }
-
-
-
- public T next() {
- if (modCount != expectedModCount)
- throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
- return nextElement();
- }
-
-
-
-
- public void remove() {
- if (!iterator)
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
- if (lastReturned == null)
- throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Enumerator");
- if (modCount != expectedModCount)
- throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
-
- synchronized(Hashtable.this) {
- Entry[] tab = Hashtable.this.table;
- int index = (lastReturned.hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index], prev = null; e != null;
- prev = e, e = e.next) {
- if (e == lastReturned) {
- modCount++;
- expectedModCount++;
- if (prev == null)
- tab[index] = e.next;
- else
- prev.next = e.next;
- count--;
- lastReturned = null;
- return;
- }
- }
- throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- private static Enumeration emptyEnumerator = new EmptyEnumerator();
- private static Iterator emptyIterator = new EmptyIterator();
-
-
-
- private static class EmptyEnumerator implements Enumeration<Object> {
-
- EmptyEnumerator() {
- }
-
-
- public boolean hasMoreElements() {
- return false;
- }
-
-
- public Object nextElement() {
- throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Enumerator");
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- private static class EmptyIterator implements Iterator<Object> {
-
- EmptyIterator() {
- }
-
- public boolean hasNext() {
- return false;
- }
-
- public Object next() {
- throw new NoSuchElementException("Hashtable Iterator");
- }
-
- public void remove() {
- throw new IllegalStateException("Hashtable Iterator");
- }
-
- }
- }
几点总结
针对Hashtable,我们同样给出几点比较重要的总结,但要结合与HashMap的比较来总结。
1、二者的存储结构和解决冲突的方法都是相同的。
2、HashTable在不指定容量的情况下的默认容量为11,而HashMap为16,Hashtable不要求底层数组的容量一定要为2的整数次幂,而HashMap则要求一定为2的整数次幂。
3、Hashtable中key和value都不允许为null,而HashMap中key和value都允许为null(key只能有一个为null,而value则可以有多个为null)。但是如果在Hashtable中有类似put(null,null)的操作,编译同样可以通过,因为key和value都是Object类型,但运行时会抛出NullPointerException异常,这是JDK的规范规定的。我们来看下ContainsKey方法和ContainsValue的源码:
- public synchronized boolean contains(Object value) {
-
-
- if (value == null) {
- throw new NullPointerException();
- }
-
-
-
- Entry tab[] = table;
- for (int i = tab.length ; i-- > 0 ;) {
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[i] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if (e.value.equals(value)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
- return contains(value);
- }
-
-
- public synchronized boolean containsKey(Object key) {
- Entry tab[] = table;
- /计算hash值,直接用key的hashCode代替
- int hash = key.hashCode();
-
- int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
-
- for (Entry<K,V> e = tab[index] ; e != null ; e = e.next) {
- if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- return false;
- }
很明显,如果value为null,会直接抛出NullPointerException异常,但源码中并没有对key是否为null判断,有点小不解!不过NullPointerException属于RuntimeException异常,是可以由JVM自动抛出的,也许对key的值在JVM中有所限制吧。
4、Hashtable扩容时,将容量变为原来的2倍加1,而HashMap扩容时,将容量变为原来的2倍。
5、Hashtable计算hash值,直接用key的hashCode(),而HashMap重新计算了key的hash值,Hashtable在求hash值对应的位置索引时,用取模运算,而HashMap在求位置索引时,则用与运算,且这里一般先用hash&0x7FFFFFFF后,再对length取模,&0x7FFFFFFF的目的是为了将负的hash值转化为正值,因为hash值有可能为负数,而&0x7FFFFFFF后,只有符号外改变,而后面的位都不变。
转:【Java集合源码剖析】Hashtable源码剖析
标签:默认 state tar row tee false i++ instance 查找
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xuyatao/p/6917127.html