一、下载jdk
官方下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
二、linux安装jdk
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop icbc_auto_platform jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 Public tornado-3.1.0
apache-tomcat-6.0.53.tar.gz Documents install.log main mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz static v3.1.0.tar.gz
demo Downloads install.log.syslog Music Pictures Templates Videos
[root@localhost ~]#rpm -ivh jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep jdk
jdk1.8.0_131-1.8.0_131-fcs.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql jdk1.8.0_131-1.8.0_131-fcs.x86_64 ---- 查看jdk安装路径
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/console_view.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/date-span-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/day-of-week-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/diagnostic-command-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/hprof-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/send-email-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/icons/time-span-16.png
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib/dsn.jar
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib/gimap.jar
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib/imap.jar
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib/mailapi.jar
/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/lib/missioncontrol/plugins/com.jrockit.mc.rjmx_5.5.1.172852/lib/pop3.jar
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/java/ ---- jdk独特的安装路径/usr/java
[root@localhost java]# ls
default jdk1.8.0_131 latest
[root@localhost java]# ll
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 16 May 29 04:53 default -> /usr/java/latest
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 jdk1.8.0_131
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 May 29 04:53 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131
[root@localhost java]# cd /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_131/
[root@localhost jdk1.8.0_131]# ll
total 25884
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 bin
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3244 Mar 15 01:32 COPYRIGHT
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 db
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 include
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5097105 Mar 14 21:39 javafx-src.zip
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 jre
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 lib
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 40 Mar 15 01:32 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 May 29 04:53 man
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 159 Mar 15 01:32 README.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 526 Mar 15 01:32 release
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21115141 Mar 15 01:32 src.zip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 63933 Mar 14 21:39 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME-JAVAFX.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 177094 Mar 15 01:32 THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt
[root@localhost jdk1.8.0_131]#
三、配置java环境变量
[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/profile.d/java.sh
[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/profile.d/java.sh --- jdk环境变量配置文件
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost bin]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh --- 重读配置文件
[root@localhost bin]# java -version --- 验证环境变量配置成功
java version "1.8.0_131"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)
[root@localhost bin]#
一、下载tomcat
官方下载地址：http://tomcat.apache.org
二、linux解压tomcat源码
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop icbc_auto_platform jdk-8u131-linux-x64.rpm mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 Public tornado-3.1.0
apache-tomcat-6.0.53.tar.gz Documents install.log main mysql-5.6.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz static v3.1.0.tar.gz
demo Downloads install.log.syslog Music Pictures Templates Videos
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-6.0.53.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ --- 将源码解压到/usr/local路径
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# ls
apache-tomcat-6.0.53 bin etc games gcc include info lib lib64 libexec man mysql python27 sbin share src
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-6.0.53 tomcat --- 创建链接tomcat
`tomcat‘ -> `apache-tomcat-6.0.53‘
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 64
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 4096 May 29 05:11 apache-tomcat-6.0.53
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 9 07:55 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26 16:01 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26 12:14 gcc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Mar 26 10:34 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26 10:34 info
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26 16:01 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Mar 26 10:34 man
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 May 9 07:35 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Mar 26 17:52 python27
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Mar 26 16:01 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 28 2011 src
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 20 May 29 05:12 tomcat -> apache-tomcat-6.0.53
[root@localhost local]# cd tomcat/
[root@localhost tomcat]# ll
total 116
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 29 05:11 bin --- 脚本及启动相关类
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 29 05:32 conf --- 配置文件
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 29 05:11 lib --- 类库
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56685 Apr 2 00:29 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 29 05:32 logs --- 日志文件
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 807 Apr 2 00:29 NOTICE
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9124 Apr 2 00:29 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16220 Apr 2 00:29 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 29 05:11 temp --- 临时目录
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Apr 2 00:29 webapps --- 应用程序默认部署目录
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 29 05:32 work --- 工作目录
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@localhost tomcat]#
三、tomcat配置文件
[root@localhost tomcat]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@localhost tomcat]# cat /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh ---配置tomcat环境变量
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@localhost tomcat]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh --- 重读tomcat配置文件
[root@localhost tomcat]# version.sh --- 验证tomcat环境变量配置成功
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.53
Server built: Apr 2 2017 07:25:00 UTC
Server number: 6.0.53.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_131-b11 --- jvm版本
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
[root@localhost tomcat]# ls bin/ --- .sh脚本可以直接运行 或 catalina.sh + 命令 使用
bootstrap.jar catalina-tasks.xml cpappend.bat digest.sh shutdown.bat startup.sh tool-wrapper.bat version.sh
catalina.bat commons-daemon.jar daemon.sh setclasspath.bat shutdown.sh tomcat-juli.jar tool-wrapper.sh
catalina.sh commons-daemon-native.tar.gz digest.bat setclasspath.sh startup.bat tomcat-native.tar.gz version.bat
[root@localhost tomcat]# catalina.sh version
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/6.0.53
Server built: Apr 2 2017 07:25:00 UTC
Server number: 6.0.53.0
OS Name: Linux
OS Version: 2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
Architecture: amd64
JVM Version: 1.8.0_131-b11
JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
[root@localhost tomcat]#
四、启动tomcat
[root@localhost tomcat]# catalina.sh --help
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
Usage: catalina.sh ( commands ... )
commands:
debug Start Catalina in a debugger
debug -security Debug Catalina with a security manager
jpda start Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
run Start Catalina in the current window
run -security Start in the current window with security manager
start Start Catalina in a separate window
start -security Start in a separate window with security manager
stop Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end
stop n Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end
stop -force Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
stop n -force Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running
version What version of tomcat are you running?
Note: Waiting for the process to end and use of the -force option require that $CATALINA_PID is defined
[root@localhost tomcat]#
注意：tomcat默认开启在8080端口
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[root@localhost tomcat]#
[root@localhost tomcat]# catalina.sh start --- 运行tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::*
LISTEN 0 50 :::8009 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::*
[root@localhost tomcat]# ss -tnlp
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",1972,4))
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",1972,3))
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* users:(("cupsd",1857,7))
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* users:(("cupsd",1857,6))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* users:(("master",2131,13))
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* users:(("master",2131,12))
LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* users:(("java",13729,48))
LISTEN 0 50 :::8009 :::* users:(("java",13729,46))
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",11923,10))
LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* users:(("java",13729,41)) --- java程序监听，而不是tomcat监听
[root@localhost tomcat]# ps -aux
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus ‘-‘? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.1 19364 528 ? Ss May27 0:01 /sbin/init
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [migration/0]
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [stopper/0]
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [watchdog/0]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:39 [events/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [cgroup]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [khelper]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [netns]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [async/mgr]
root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [pm]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [sync_supers]
root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [bdi-default]
root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kintegrityd/0]
root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:05 [kblockd/0]
root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kacpid]
root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kacpi_notify]
root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kacpi_hotplug]
root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ata_aux]
root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ata_sff/0]
root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ksuspend_usbd]
root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [khubd]
root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kseriod]
root 25 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [md/0]
root 26 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [md_misc/0]
root 27 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [linkwatch]
root 29 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [khungtaskd]
root 30 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:01 [kswapd0]
root 31 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN May27 0:00 [ksmd]
root 32 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [aio/0]
root 33 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [crypto/0]
root 41 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kthrotld/0]
root 42 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [pciehpd]
root 44 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kpsmoused]
root 45 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [usbhid_resumer]
root 46 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [deferwq]
root 77 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kdmremove]
root 78 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kstriped]
root 151 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_0]
root 152 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_1]
root 158 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:01 [mpt_poll_0]
root 159 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [mpt/0]
root 160 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_2]
root 255 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_3]
root 256 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_4]
root 257 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_5]
root 258 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_6]
root 259 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_7]
root 260 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_8]
root 261 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_9]
root 262 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_10]
root 263 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_11]
root 264 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_12]
root 265 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_13]
root 266 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_14]
root 267 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_15]
root 268 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_16]
root 269 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_17]
root 270 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_18]
root 271 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_19]
root 272 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_20]
root 273 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_21]
root 274 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_22]
root 275 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_23]
root 276 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_24]
root 277 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_25]
root 278 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_26]
root 279 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_27]
root 280 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_28]
root 281 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_29]
root 282 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_30]
root 283 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_31]
root 284 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [scsi_eh_32]
root 337 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:01 [jbd2/sda2-8]
root 338 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit]
root 429 0.0 0.0 11268 392 ? S<s May27 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 520 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:03 [flush-8:0]
root 773 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:01 [vmmemctl]
root 950 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [jbd2/sda1-8]
root 951 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [ext4-dio-unwrit]
root 1038 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S May27 0:00 [kauditd]
root 1343 0.0 0.0 111576 36 ? Ssl May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/vmware-vmblock-fuse -o subtype=vmware-vmblock,default_permissions,allow_other /
root 1364 0.0 0.3 177092 1908 ? Sl May27 1:07 /usr/sbin/vmtoolsd
root 1389 0.0 0.0 51004 40 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/lib/vmware-vgauth/VGAuthService -s
root 1455 0.0 0.1 203880 740 ? Sl May27 0:22 /usr/lib/vmware-caf/pme/bin/ManagementAgentHost
root 1715 0.0 0.0 27596 336 ? S<sl May27 0:00 auditd
root 1745 0.0 0.1 251200 692 ? Sl May27 0:00 /sbin/rsyslogd -i /var/run/syslogd.pid -c 5
dbus 1817 0.0 0.1 32108 816 ? Ssl May27 0:00 dbus-daemon --system
root 1829 0.0 0.3 173084 1660 ? Ssl May27 0:00 NetworkManager --pid-file=/var/run/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.pid
root 1835 0.0 0.1 58136 616 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/modem-manager
root 1855 0.0 0.0 44988 36 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf -B -u -f /var/log/wpa
root 1857 0.0 0.0 189408 40 ? Ss May27 0:00 cupsd -C /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
root 1886 0.0 0.0 4080 36 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/acpid
68 1896 0.0 0.2 39348 1272 ? Ssl May27 0:00 hald
root 1897 0.0 0.0 20400 40 ? S May27 0:00 hald-runner
root 1941 0.0 0.0 22520 36 ? S May27 0:00 hald-addon-input: Listening on /dev/input/event2 /dev/input/event0
68 1945 0.0 0.0 18008 40 ? S May27 0:00 hald-addon-acpi: listening on acpid socket /var/run/acpid.socket
root 1972 0.0 0.0 66688 212 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd
root 2131 0.0 0.0 81328 260 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master
postfix 2151 0.0 0.0 81592 424 ? S May27 0:00 qmgr -l -t fifo -u
root 2159 0.0 0.0 114644 40 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/abrtd
root 2170 0.0 0.0 117332 356 ? Ss May27 0:01 crond
root 2184 0.0 0.0 21576 64 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/atd
root 2198 0.0 0.0 108340 312 ? Ss May27 0:00 /usr/bin/rhsmcertd
root 2213 0.0 0.1 134008 652 ? Ssl May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/gdm-binary -nodaemon
root 2218 0.0 0.0 4064 32 tty2 Ss+ May27 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2
root 2220 0.0 0.0 4064 32 tty3 Ss+ May27 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3
root 2222 0.0 0.0 4064 32 tty4 Ss+ May27 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4
root 2225 0.0 0.1 12584 536 ? S< May27 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 2226 0.0 0.1 12584 536 ? S< May27 0:00 /sbin/udevd -d
root 2228 0.0 0.0 4064 32 tty5 Ss+ May27 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5
root 2230 0.0 0.0 4064 32 tty6 Ss+ May27 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6
root 2241 0.0 0.0 164632 40 ? Sl May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/gdm-simple-slave --display-id /org/gnome/DisplayManager/Display1
root 2244 0.0 2.4 144072 11956 tty1 Ss+ May27 0:02 /usr/bin/Xorg :0 -br -verbose -audit 4 -auth /var/run/gdm/auth-for-gdm-lFW12R/database -n
root 2261 0.0 0.1 577708 920 ? Sl May27 0:00 /usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon
gdm 2331 0.0 0.0 20040 36 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/bin/dbus-launch --exit-with-session
gdm 2332 0.0 0.0 31808 336 ? Ssl May27 0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --print-address 7 --session
gdm 2334 0.0 0.2 269628 992 ? Ssl May27 0:00 /usr/bin/gnome-session --autostart=/usr/share/gdm/autostart/LoginWindow/
root 2337 0.0 0.1 49988 696 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/devkit-power-daemon
gdm 2341 0.0 0.1 133264 596 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/gconfd-2
gdm 2359 0.0 0.1 120712 836 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/at-spi-registryd
gdm 2361 0.0 3.6 365664 17548 ? Ssl May27 0:52 /usr/libexec/gnome-settings-daemon --gconf-prefix=/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/settings-manag
gdm 2363 0.0 0.0 358452 40 ? Ssl May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/bonobo-activation-server --ac-activate --ior-output-fd=12
gdm 2371 0.0 0.0 135284 40 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/gvfsd
gdm 2372 0.0 0.1 288028 916 ? S May27 0:00 metacity
gdm 2375 0.0 0.1 274168 928 ? S May27 0:00 gnome-power-manager
gdm 2376 0.0 0.0 284160 40 ? S May27 0:00 plymouth-log-viewer --icon
gdm 2377 0.0 0.9 383540 4620 ? S May27 0:01 /usr/libexec/gdm-simple-greeter
gdm 2378 0.0 0.0 248768 40 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1
root 2386 0.0 0.1 52744 912 ? S May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/polkit-1/polkitd
gdm 2398 0.0 0.0 427608 40 ? S<sl May27 0:00 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --start --log-target=syslog
rtkit 2400 0.0 0.0 168456 100 ? SNl May27 0:00 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon
root 2406 0.0 0.0 142248 40 ? S May27 0:00 pam: gdm-password
root 11745 0.0 0.0 11340 96 ? S May28 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql --pid-file
mysql 11923 0.0 40.4 1077016 196824 ? Sl May28 0:09 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/my
root 13218 0.0 0.1 9120 852 ? S 04:23 0:00 /sbin/dhclient -d -4 -sf /usr/libexec/nm-dhcp-client.action -pf /var/run/dhclient-eth0.pi
postfix 13236 0.0 0.2 81408 1400 ? S 04:24 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u
root 13280 0.0 0.3 100448 1748 ? Ss 04:24 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 13287 0.0 0.3 108472 1532 pts/0 Ss 04:24 0:00 -bash
root 13598 0.0 0.1 17420 644 ? Ss 05:01 0:00 /usr/sbin/anacron -s
root 13729 4.0 14.0 2140400 68480 pts/0 Sl 05:32 0:02 /usr/java/latest/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.
--- java传递具体的参数启动tomcat程序
root 13749 0.0 0.2 110240 1136 pts/0 R+ 05:33 0:00 ps -aux
[root@localhost tomcat]#
验证：成功打开浏览器，
一、tomcat的目录结构：
bin: 脚本及启动时用到类；
lib：类库；
conf：配置文件；
logs：日志文件；
webapps：webapp的默认部署目录；
work：工作目录；
temp：临时文件目录；
二、tomcat的配置文件：
server.xml：主配置文件；
context.xml：每个webapp都可以有专用的配置文件，这些配置文件通常位于webapp程序目录下的WEB-INF目录中，用于定义会话管理顺、JDBC等 ；conf/context.xml是为各webapp提供默认配置；
web.xml：每个webapp只有在“部署”之后才能够被访问；此文件则用于为各webapps定义默认的部署操作方式；
tomcat-users.xml：用户认证的账号和密码配置文件；
catalina.policy：当使用-security选项来启动tomcat实例时会读取此配置文件来实现基于安全策略的运行方式；
catalina.properties：Java属性的定义文件，用于设定类加载器路径等 ，以及一些与JVM性能相关的调优参数；
logging.properties：日志系统相关的配置；
[root@localhost tomcat]# ll conf/
total 204
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 29 05:32 Catalina
-rw-------. 1 root root 10572 Apr 2 00:29 catalina.policy
-rw-------. 1 root root 3765 Apr 2 00:29 catalina.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 1395 Apr 2 00:29 context.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 3290 Apr 2 00:29 logging.properties
-rw-------. 1 root root 6824 Apr 2 00:29 server.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 1950 Apr 2 00:29 tomcat-users.xml
-rw-------. 1 root root 164845 Apr 2 00:29 web.xml
[root@localhost tomcat]#
三、tomcat的组件：
<Server>
<Service>
<connector/>
<connector/>
<Engine>
<Host />
<Host>
<Context/>
...
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
每个组件，均有java类来实现；
此些组件可分为如下几类：
顶级组件：Server
服务类：Service
连接器：http, https, ajp(apache jserv protocol)
容器类：Engine, Host, Context
被嵌套的组件：valve, logger, realm, loader, manager
集群类组件：listener, ...
Java Webapp的组织结构：
有特定的组织形式、层次型的目录结构；主要包含了servlet代码文件、JSP页面文件、类文件、部署描述符文件等 ；
/：webapps的根目录
index.jsp：jsp的主页面文件
WEB-INF/：当前webapp的私有资源目录，通常存放当前webapp自用的web.xml；
META-INF/：当前webapp的私有资源目录，通常存储当前webapp自用的context.xml；
classes/: 当前webapp的私有类；
lib/：当前webapp的私有类，被打包成jar格式；
webapp归档格式：
.war：webapp
.jar：EJB的类；
.rar：资源适配器；
.ear：企业级应用程序；
[root@localhost tomcat]# cat conf/server.xml
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘utf-8‘?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
-->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<!--Initialize Jasper prior to webapps are loaded. Documentation at /docs/jasper-howto.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />
<!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<!-- JMX Support for the Tomcat server. Documentation at /docs/non-existent.html -->
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<!-- Global JNDI resources
Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
-->
<GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
-->
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
-->
<Service name="Catalina">
<!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
<!--
<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
-->
<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
and responses are returned. Documentation at :
Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)
Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html
Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
-->
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
<!--
<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
-->
<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443
This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the
connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration
described in the APR documentation -->
<!--
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
-->
<!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->
<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
-->
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)
/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
<!--
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
-->
<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about
the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestDumperValve"/>
-->
<!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
via a brute-force attack -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits
that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
available for use by the Realm. -->
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<!-- Define the default virtual host
Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.
-->
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
-->
<!-- Access log processes all example.
Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
<!--
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>
-->
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
[root@localhost tomcat]#
原文地址：http://f1yinsky.blog.51cto.com/12568071/1930619
