Python模块、扩展和应用程序可以按以下几种形式进行打包和发布:
python setup.py获取帮助的方式
python setup.py --help
python setup.py --help-commands 所有可以使用的命令,如build,install
python setup.py COMMAND --help 获取特定命令的帮助
python setup.py COMMAND --help-formats 获取特定命令支持使用的格式
打包
1.压缩文件(使用distutils)
Windows的Zip文件和类Unix平台的.tar.gz文件
2.自动解包或自动安装可执行文件
Windows中的.exe文件
3.自包含的,不要求安装的预备运行科执行程序
Windows的.exe文件、Unix上带有一个小的脚本前缀的ZIP压缩文件、Mac上的.app文件等
4.平台相关的安装程序
Windows上的.msi文件、Linux上常见的.rpm、src.rpm和.dep文件等
5.Python eggs
较流行的第三方扩展
发布
“发布”是指一个文件集合,这些文件联合在一起可使用distutils构建、打包和发布模块
创建好的发布可以用于安装,可上传到ftp,上传到各大网络让人下载,也可上传到PyPI与他人共享
创建发布
将各代码文件组织到模块容器中
准备一个README或README.txt文件
而后在容器中创建setup.py文件
setup.py中setup()中可用参数:
platforms: 平台列表
license: 许可证
py_modules: 各模块名称组成的列表,此些模块可能位于包的根目录下(modname),也可能位于某子包目录中(subpkg1.modname)
packages: 各子包名称的列表
......
setup.py关键字大体分为两类:
1.元数据信息
2.包中的内容列表
python setup.py sdist打包(会指定默认格式tar.gz)
可以为sdist指定打包格式:
zip: zip file
gztar: tar.gz file
bztar: tar.bz2 vil2
ztar: tar.Z file
tar: tar file
指定格式sdist打包的方式:
[root@kurol pkg1]# python36 setup.py sdist --help-formats List of available source distribution formats: --formats=bztar bzip2‘ed tar-file --formats=gztar gzip‘ed tar-file --formats=tar uncompressed tar file --formats=xztar xz‘ed tar-file --formats=zip ZIP file --formats=ztar compressed tar file
python setup.py bdist打包(二进制发行版)(会指定默认格式tar.gz)
可以为bdist指定的格式:
gztar: tar.gz file
ztar: tar.Z file
zip: zip file
rpm: RPM Package
pkgtool: Solaris pkgtool
wininst: Windows上自解压的zip格式包
msi:Microsoft Installer
指定格式sdist打包的方式:
[root@kurol pkg1]# python36 setup.py bdist --help-formats List of available distribution formats: --formats=rpm RPM distribution --formats=gztar gzip‘ed tar file --formats=bztar bzip2‘ed tar file --formats=xztar xz‘ed tar file --formats=ztar compressed tar file --formats=tar tar file --formats=wininst Windows executable installer --formats=zip ZIP file --formats=msi Microsoft Installer
打包 ,例:
[root@kurol python361]# cd pkg1/ [root@kurol pkg1]# ls __init__.py __pycache__ mymmm.py [root@kurol pkg1]# touch REMAIN.txt [root@kurol pkg1]# touch setup.py [root@kurol pkg1]# vim setup.py
#!/usr/bin/python36 # from distutils.core import setup setup( name = ‘pkg1‘, version = ‘1.0‘, author = ‘MageEdu‘, author_email = ‘email@mykurol.com‘, py_modules = [‘mymmm‘], url = ‘http://www.mykurol.com‘, download_url = ‘http://www.mykurol.com/pymodules/download/‘, description = ‘test module‘, )
[root@kurol pkg1]# python36 setup.py sdist running sdist running check warning: sdist: manifest template ‘MANIFEST.in‘ does not exist (using default file list) warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt file yammm.py (for module yammm) not found writing manifest file ‘MANIFEST‘ creating pkg1-1.0 making hard links in pkg1-1.0... hard linking setup.py -> pkg1-1.0 creating dist Creating tar archive removing ‘pkg1-1.0‘ (and everything under it) [root@kurol pkg1]# ls ##自动生成了MANIFEST文件 MANIFEST REMAIN.txt __init__.py __pycache__ dist mymmm.py setup.py [root@kurol pkg1]# cd dist/ [root@kurol dist]# ls <strong>pkg1-1.0.tar.gz</strong>
使用bdist
[root@kurol dist]# cd - /opt/python361/pkg1 [root@kurol pkg1]# python36 setup.py bdist running bdist running bdist_dumb running build running build_py file yammm.py (for module yammm) not found file yammm.py (for module yammm) not found installing to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb running install running install_lib warning: install_lib: ‘build/lib‘ does not exist -- no Python modules to install running install_egg_info Creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb/usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ Writing build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb/usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg1-1.0-py3.6.egg-info Creating tar archive removing ‘build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb‘ (and everything under it) [root@kurol pkg1]# cd dist/ [root@kurol dist]# ls <strong>pkg1-1.0.linux-x86_64.tar.gz</strong> pkg1-1.0.tar.gz
指定为zip格式:
[root@kurol pkg1]# python36 setup.py bdist --formats=zip running bdist running bdist_dumb running build running build_py file yammm.py (for module yammm) not found file yammm.py (for module yammm) not found installing to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb running install running install_lib warning: install_lib: ‘build/lib‘ does not exist -- no Python modules to install running install_egg_info Creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb/usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ Writing build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb/usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg1-1.0-py3.6.egg-info creating ‘/opt/python361/pkg1/dist/pkg1-1.0.linux-x86_64.zip‘ and adding ‘.‘ to it adding ‘usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg1-1.0-py3.6.egg-info‘ removing ‘build/bdist.linux-x86_64/dumb‘ (and everything under it) [root@kurol pkg1]# cd dist/ [root@kurol dist]# ls pkg1-1.0.linux-x86_64.tar.gz <strong>pkg1-1.0.linux-x86_64.zip</strong> pkg1-1.0.tar.gz
安装包
python setup.py install
build and install:
python setup.py build:
--build-base /path/to/build_dir ##指定build路径,build在其他路径进行,保证源码的整洁程度
lib,lib.platform
第三方模块的大多数默认路径通常为:site-packages(站点包)
如 /usr/local/python361/lib/python3.6/site-packages
第三方模块自定义安装路径:
--user 如果用户没有写权限,安装到指定用户的目录下(只有普通权限,没有办法写到公共目录中)
--prefix 指定python库文件的安装路径(对公共目录有写权限才能操作)
--exec-prefix 跟python无关的,有其他语言所实现的跟平台有关的,已经编译好的相关文件的安装路径(对公共目录有写权限才能操作)
深度定制 (期望对python模块安装做深度定制)(路径都是自己定义):
--install-purelib /path/to/python_lib (纯Python库文件)
--install-platlib /paht/to/plat_lib (扩展模块,其他语言所实现的)
--install-lib /path/to/lib ( 也可不加区分)
如果同时出现前面3种,第三种lib覆盖前面2种,lib优先级最高。
--install-scripts /path/to/bin(可执行文件的安装路径)
--install-data (指定数据文件安装路径)
--install-headers(指定C代码的头文件安装路径)
本文出自 “谢育政” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://kurolz.blog.51cto.com/11433546/1935033
Python学习笔记-打包发布Python模块或程序,安装包
原文地址:http://kurolz.blog.51cto.com/11433546/1935033