标签：之间 cat base 平台 position 遍历 chm 字符 nbsp
可以参考这个博客的地址http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html
本文为转载 地址http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html
本节大纲：
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = ‘Alex Li‘
import time
# print(time.clock()) #返回处理器时间,3.3开始已废弃 , 改成了time.process_time()测量处理器运算时间,不包括sleep时间,不稳定,mac上测不出来
# print(time.altzone) #返回与utc时间的时间差,以秒计算# print(time.asctime()) #返回时间格式"Fri Aug 19 11:14:16 2016",
# print(time.localtime()) #返回本地时间 的struct time对象格式
# print(time.gmtime(time.time()-800000)) #返回utc时间的struc时间对象格式
# print(time.asctime(time.localtime())) #返回时间格式"Fri Aug 19 11:14:16 2016",
#print(time.ctime()) #返回Fri Aug 19 12:38:29 2016 格式, 同上
# 日期字符串 转成 时间戳
# string_2_struct = time.strptime("2016/05/22","%Y/%m/%d") #将 日期字符串 转成 struct时间对象格式
# print(string_2_struct)
# #
# struct_2_stamp = time.mktime(string_2_struct) #将struct时间对象转成时间戳
# print(struct_2_stamp)
#将时间戳转为字符串格式
# print(time.gmtime(time.time()-86640)) #将utc时间戳转换成struct_time格式
# print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.gmtime()) ) #将utc struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式
#时间加减
import datetime
# print(datetime.datetime.now()) #返回 2016-08-19 12:47:03.941925
#print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()) ) # 时间戳直接转成日期格式 2016-08-19
# print(datetime.datetime.now() )
# print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3)) #当前时间+3天
# print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3)) #当前时间-3天
# print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3)) #当前时间+3小时
# print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)) #当前时间+30分
#
# c_time = datetime.datetime.now()
# print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2)) #时间替换
| Directive | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
%a |
Locale’s abbreviated weekday name. | |
%A |
Locale’s full weekday name. | |
%b |
Locale’s abbreviated month name. | |
%B |
Locale’s full month name. | |
%c |
Locale’s appropriate date and time representation. | |
%d |
Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. | |
%H |
Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]. | |
%I |
Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]. | |
%j |
Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. | |
%m |
Month as a decimal number [01,12]. | |
%M |
Minute as a decimal number [00,59]. | |
%p |
Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM. | (1) |
%S |
Second as a decimal number [00,61]. | (2) |
%U |
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0. | (3) |
%w |
Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6]. | |
%W |
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0. | (3) |
%x |
Locale’s appropriate date representation. | |
%X |
Locale’s appropriate time representation. | |
%y |
Year without century as a decimal number [00,99]. | |
%Y |
Year with century as a decimal number. | |
%z |
Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59]. | |
%Z |
Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists). | |
%% |
A literal ‘%‘ character. |
生成随机数
import randomprint random.random()print random.randint(1,2)print random.randrange(1,10) 生成随机验证码
import randomcheckcode = ‘‘for i in range(4): current = random.randrange(0,4) if current != i: temp = chr(random.randint(65,90)) else: temp = random.randint(0,9) checkcode += str(temp)print checkcode
提供对操作系统进行调用的接口
os.getcwd() 获取当前工作目录，即当前python脚本工作的目录路径os.chdir("dirname") 改变当前脚本工作目录；相当于shell下cdos.curdir 返回当前目录: (‘.‘)os.pardir 获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：(‘..‘)os.makedirs(‘dirname1/dirname2‘) 可生成多层递归目录os.removedirs(‘dirname1‘) 若目录为空，则删除，并递归到上一级目录，如若也为空，则删除，依此类推os.mkdir(‘dirname‘) 生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirnameos.rmdir(‘dirname‘) 删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirnameos.listdir(‘dirname‘) 列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印os.remove() 删除一个文件os.rename("oldname","newname") 重命名文件/目录os.stat(‘path/filename‘) 获取文件/目录信息os.sep 输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符，win下为"\\",Linux下为"/"os.linesep 输出当前平台使用的行终止符，win下为"\t\n",Linux下为"\n"os.pathsep 输出用于分割文件路径的字符串os.name 输出字符串指示当前使用平台。win->‘nt‘; Linux->‘posix‘os.system("bash command") 运行shell命令，直接显示os.environ 获取系统环境变量os.path.abspath(path) 返回path规范化的绝对路径os.path.split(path) 将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回os.path.dirname(path) 返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split(path)的第一个元素os.path.basename(path) 返回path最后的文件名。如何path以／或\结尾，那么就会返回空值。即os.path.split(path)的第二个元素os.path.exists(path) 如果path存在，返回True；如果path不存在，返回Falseos.path.isabs(path) 如果path是绝对路径，返回Trueos.path.isfile(path) 如果path是一个存在的文件，返回True。否则返回Falseos.path.isdir(path) 如果path是一个存在的目录，则返回True。否则返回Falseos.path.join(path1[, path2[, ...]]) 将多个路径组合后返回，第一个绝对路径之前的参数将被忽略os.path.getatime(path) 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后存取时间os.path.getmtime(path) 返回path所指向的文件或者目录的最后修改时间直接参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4963027.html
sys.argv 命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径sys.exit(n) 退出程序，正常退出时exit(0)sys.version 获取Python解释程序的版本信息sys.maxint 最大的Int值sys.path 返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值sys.platform 返回操作系统平台名称sys.stdout.write(‘please:‘)val = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1]直接参考 http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/4963027.html
用于序列化的两个模块
Json模块提供了四个功能：dumps、dump、loads、load
pickle模块提供了四个功能：dumps、dump、loads、load
shelve模块是一个简单的k,v将内存数据通过文件持久化的模块，可以持久化任何pickle可支持的python数据格式
import shelved = shelve.open(‘shelve_test‘) #打开一个文件class Test(object): def __init__(self,n): self.n = nt = Test(123) t2 = Test(123334)name = ["alex","rain","test"]d["test"] = name #持久化列表d["t1"] = t #持久化类d["t2"] = t2d.close()xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。
xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:
<?xml version="1.0"?><data> <country name="Liechtenstein"> <rank updated="yes">2</rank> <year>2008</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/> <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/> </country> <country name="Singapore"> <rank updated="yes">5</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>59900</gdppc> <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/> </country> <country name="Panama"> <rank updated="yes">69</rank> <year>2011</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/> <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/> </country></data>xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")root = tree.getroot()print(root.tag)#遍历xml文档for child in root: print(child.tag, child.attrib) for i in child: print(i.tag,i.text)#只遍历year 节点for node in root.iter(‘year‘): print(node.tag,node.text)修改和删除xml文档内容
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETtree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")root = tree.getroot()#修改for node in root.iter(‘year‘): new_year = int(node.text) + 1 node.text = str(new_year) node.set("updated","yes")tree.write("xmltest.xml")#删除nodefor country in root.findall(‘country‘): rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text) if rank > 50: root.remove(country)tree.write(‘output.xml‘)
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETnew_xml = ET.Element("namelist")name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")sex.text = ‘33‘name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")age.text = ‘19‘et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式 |
Python也可以很容易的处理ymal文档格式，只不过需要安装一个模块，参考文档：http://pyyaml.org/wiki/PyYAMLDocumentation
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mport randomprint random.random()print random.randint(1,2)print random.randrange(1,10) |
标签：之间 cat base 平台 position 遍历 chm 字符 nbsp
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/luoyeyue/p/7007976.html
