Java中发送http的get、post请求

 近期做项目中，须要把消息通过中间件的形式通过http请求的方式推送给第三方，因此用到了http协议，小编花费了一个多小时。对于http协议中的post和get请求，封装了一个工具类。以下与大家分享一下。

有不好的地方请多多不吝赐教。

/**     
 * @FileName: HttpTest.java   
 * @Package:com.io   
 * @Description: TODO  
 * @author: LUCKY    
 * @date:2016年1月6日 下午3:49:28   
 * @version V1.0     
 */
package com.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import com.alibaba.common.lang.StringUtil;

/**
 * @ClassName: HttpTest
 * @Description: 自己開始封装的HTTP连接工具,http连接传递的參数封装到一个对象里面，
 *               http中get请求时，是把參数拼接到url后面的，而post请求直接输出就可以
 * @author: LUCKY
 * @date:2016年1月6日 下午3:49:28
 */
public class HttpTest {

	private static final String METHOD_POST = "POST";
	private static final String METHOD_GET = "GET";
	private static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";
	private static final String HTTPS = "https";
	private static final String TLS = "tls";
	private static final String CTYPE = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset="
			+ DEFAULT_CHARSET;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Map<String, String> param = new HashMap<String, String>();
		param.put("body", String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()));
		param.put("tag", "撒点粉");
		String string = doGet(
				"	http://localhost/receive.do", param,
				3000, 3000);
		String aa = doPost(
				"	http://localhost/receive.do", param,
				3000, 3000);
		System.out.println(string.length());
		System.out.println(string);
	}

	/**
	 * @throws Exception
	 * @Title: doPost
	 * @Description: doPost发送请求操作
	 * @param @param url
	 * @param @param params
	 * @param @param readTimeOut
	 * @param @param connectTimeOut
	 * @param @return
	 * @return String
	 * @throws
	 */
	public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params,
			int readTimeOut, int connectTimeOut) throws Exception {
		HttpURLConnection connection = null;
		OutputStream out = null;
		String result = null;
		try {
			connection = getConnection(new URL(url), readTimeOut,
					connectTimeOut, METHOD_POST, CTYPE, null);
			byte[] content = new byte[0];
			String param = getUrl(params, DEFAULT_CHARSET);
			if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(param)) {
				content = param.getBytes(DEFAULT_CHARSET);
			}
			out = connection.getOutputStream();
			// post传送消息内容
			out.write(content);
			// 接受的返回值通过buffer来接受

			result = responseAsString(connection);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			throw e;
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				connection.disconnect();
			}
		}

		return result;

	}

	/**
	 * @Title: doGet
	 * @Description: doGet发送消息请求
	 * @param @param url
	 * @param @param params
	 * @param @param readTimeOut
	 * @param @param connectTimeOut
	 * @param @return
	 * @return String
	 * @throws
	 */
	public static String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params,
			int readTimeOut, int connectTimeOut) {

		HttpURLConnection connection = null;
		String result=null;
		try {
			String query = getUrl(params, DEFAULT_CHARSET);
			connection = getConnection(new URL(buildUrl(url, query)),
					readTimeOut, connectTimeOut, METHOD_GET, CTYPE, null);
       result=responseAsString(connection);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				connection.disconnect();
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	// 把doGet和doPost请求最后的接受參数再次的抽取出来
	private static String responseAsString(HttpURLConnection connection) {
		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
		InputStreamReader reader = null;
		OutputStream out = null;
		try {
			// 假设返回成功
			if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == connection.getResponseCode()) {
				reader = new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream());
				char[] ch = new char[1024];
				int x = 0;
				while ((x = reader.read(ch)) != -1) {
					buffer.append(ch, 0, x);
				}
			}

		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			if (connection != null) {
				connection.disconnect();
			}
		}

		return buffer.toString();
	}

	// 须要再写一个getConnection的方法，把doPost和doGet的connection都抽取出来
	private static HttpURLConnection getConnection(URL url, int readTimeOut,
			int connectTimeOut, String method, String ctype,
			Map<String, String> headMap) throws Exception {
		HttpURLConnection connection = null;
		if (url == null) {
			return null;
		}
		if (HTTPS.equals(url.getProtocol())) {
			SSLContext ctx = null;
			try {
				ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(TLS);
				ctx.init(new KeyManager[0],
						new TrustManager[] { new DefaultTrustManager() },
						new SecureRandom());
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new IOException(e);
			}
			HttpsURLConnection connHttps = (HttpsURLConnection) url
					.openConnection();
			connHttps.setSSLSocketFactory(ctx.getSocketFactory());
			connHttps.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {

				public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
					return true;
				}
			});
			connection = connHttps;
		} else {
			connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
		}

		connection.setReadTimeout(readTimeOut);
		connection.setDoInput(true);
		connection.setDoOutput(true);
		connection.setRequestMethod(method);
		connection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeOut);
		connection.setRequestProperty("Accept",
				"text/xml,text/javascript,text/html");
		connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "top-sdk-java");
		connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", ctype);
		// 遍历设置headMap
		if (null != headMap) {
			Set<Entry<String, String>> entries = headMap.entrySet();
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
				connection.setRequestProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
			}
		}

		return connection;
	}

	/**
	 * @Title: getUrl
	 * @Description: doGet发送请求时拼接的URL
	 * @param @param params
	 * @param @param charset
	 * @param @return
	 * @param @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
	 * @return String
	 * @throws
	 */
	public static String getUrl(Map<String, String> params, String charset)
			throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("?");
		if (params == null && params.isEmpty()) {
			return null;
		}
		// 否则的话，開始拼接须要传递的值。也就是URL?AA==BB&CC==EE这种相似的连接值
		Set<Entry<String, String>> entries = params.entrySet();
		for (Entry<String, String> entry : entries) {
			String name = entry.getKey();
			String value = entry.getValue();
			// 还须要进行一次推断是否为空，一定要慎重
			if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(name) && StringUtil.isNotEmpty(value)) {
				// 假设不为空的话。開始进行连接操作
				buffer.append("&").append(name).append("=")
						.append(URLEncoder.encode(value, charset));
			}

		}
		return buffer.toString().substring(0, buffer.toString().length() - 1);

	}

	/**
	 * @Title: buildUrl
	 * @Description: 拼接url地址操作
	 * @param @param url
	 * @param @param query
	 * @param @return
	 * @return String
	 * @throws
	 */
	private static String buildUrl(String url, String query) {
		if (query == null && query.isEmpty()) {
			return url;
		}
		if (url.endsWith("?")) {
			url = url + query;
		} else {
			url = url + "?
" + query;
		}

		return url;
	}

	private static class DefaultTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {

		public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
			return null;
		}

		public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
				throws CertificateException {
		}

		public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
				throws CertificateException {
		}
	}

}

 很多其它有关http协议的内容，请參考：Http协议具体解释

                                                           Http协议中的Content-Type