SQL 报表 --简易进销系统

模型图：

--  ============================================
--  Author:    lifu
--  Create Date: 2017-06-18
--  Descrpition: 简化进销系统  报表制作
--  ============================================

--  Tables And Data Start ======================
CREATE DATABASE SimpleEntrySystem    
GO
USE SimpleEntrySystem
GO    
--创建T_Person表  人员表
CREATE TABLE T_Person
(
  FId VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
  FNumber VARCHAR(20) ,     --人员工号
  FName VARCHAR(20) ,        --人员姓名
  FManagerId VARCHAR(20) ,    --上级主管主键（指向T_Person表的 FId字段的外键）
  PRIMARY KEY ( FId ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( FManagerId ) REFERENCES T_Person ( Fid )
)
--创建T_Merchandise表  商品表
CREATE TABLE T_Merchandise
(
  FId VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
  FNumber VARCHAR(20) ,        --商品编号
  FName VARCHAR(20) ,        --商品名
  FPrice INT ,                --商品价格
  PRIMARY KEY ( fid )
)
--创建T_SaleBill表  销售单主表
CREATE TABLE T_SaleBill
(
  FId VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
  FNumber VARCHAR(20) ,        --销售单编号
  FBillMakerId VARCHAR(20) ,--开单人主键（指向T_Person表的 FId字段的外键）
  FMakeDate DATETIME ,        --制单日期
  FConfirmDate DATETIME ,    --确认日期
  PRIMARY KEY ( fid ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( Fbillmakerid ) REFERENCES T_Person ( fid )
)
--创建T_SaleBillDetail表  销售单明细记录
CREATE TABLE T_SaleBillDetail
(
  FId VARCHAR(20) ,
  FBillId VARCHAR(20) ,        --主表主键（指向 T_SaleBill 表的 FId 字段的外键）
  FMerchandiseId VARCHAR(20) , --商品主键（指向T_Merchandise表的FId字段的外键）
  FCount INT ,                --销售数量
  PRIMARY KEY ( fid ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( Fbillid ) REFERENCES T_SaleBill ( fid ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( Fmerchandiseid ) REFERENCES T_Merchandise ( fid )
)
--创建T_PurchaseBill表   采购单主表
CREATE TABLE T_PurchaseBill
(
  Fid VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
  FNumber VARCHAR(20) ,        --采购单编号
  FBillMakerId VARCHAR(20) ,--开单人主键（指向T_Person表的FId字段的外键）
  FMakeDate DATETIME ,        --制单日期
  FConfirmDate DATETIME ,    --确认日期
  PRIMARY KEY ( fid ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( FBillMakerId ) REFERENCES T_Person ( fid )
)
--创建T_PurchaseBillDetail表  采购单明细记录
CREATE  TABLE T_PurchaseBillDetail
(
  FId VARCHAR(20) NOT  NULL ,
  FBillId VARCHAR(20) ,        --主表主键（指向T_PurchaseBill表的FId字段的外键）
  FMerchandiseId VARCHAR(20) ,--商品主键（指向T_Merchandise表的FId字段的外键）
  FCount INT ,                --采购数量
  PRIMARY KEY ( FId ) ,
  FOREIGN KEY ( FBillId ) REFERENCES T_PurchaseBill ( FId ) ,
  FOREIGN  KEY ( FMerchandiseId ) REFERENCES T_Merchandise ( FId )
) 
--首先向T_Person、T_Merchandise两张表中插入演示数据： 
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘1‘, ‘Robert‘, NULL )
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘2‘, ‘John‘, ‘00001‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘3‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘00001‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00004‘, ‘4‘, ‘Jim‘, ‘00003‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00005‘, ‘5‘, ‘Lily‘, ‘00002‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_Person ( FId, FNumber, FName, FManagerId )
VALUES  ( ‘00006‘, ‘6‘, ‘Merry‘, ‘00003‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_Merchandise ( FId, FNumber, FName, FPrice )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘1‘, ‘Bacon‘, 30 )
INSERT  INTO T_Merchandise ( FId, FNumber, FName, FPrice )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘2‘, ‘Cake‘, 2 )
INSERT  INTO T_Merchandise ( FId, FNumber, FName, FPrice )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘3‘, ‘Apple‘, 6 )

--  还要向T_SaleBill和T_PurchaseBill表中插入演示数据： 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘1‘, ‘00006‘, ‘2007-03-15‘, ‘2007-05-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘2‘, NULL, ‘2006-01-25‘, ‘2006-02-03‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘3‘, ‘00001‘, ‘2006-02-12‘, ‘2007-01-11‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00004‘, ‘4‘, ‘00003‘, ‘2008-05-25‘, ‘2008-06-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00005‘, ‘5‘, ‘00005‘, ‘2008-03-17‘, ‘2007-04-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate, FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00006‘, ‘6‘, ‘00002‘, ‘2002-02-03‘, ‘2007-11-11‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘1‘, ‘00006‘, ‘2007-02-15‘, ‘2007-02-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘2‘, ‘00004‘, ‘2003-02-25‘, ‘2006-03-03‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘3‘, ‘00001‘, ‘2007-02-12‘, ‘2007-07-12‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00004‘, ‘4‘, ‘00002‘, ‘2007-05-25‘, ‘2007-06-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00005‘, ‘5‘, ‘00002‘, ‘2007-03-17‘, ‘2007-04-15‘ )
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBill ( FId, FNumber, FBillMakerId, FMakeDate,
                              FConfirmDate )
VALUES  ( ‘00006‘, ‘6‘, NULL, ‘2006-02-03‘, ‘2006-11-20‘ )

--  向T_SaleBillDetail表和T_PurchaseBillDetail表中插入演示数据： 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘00001‘, ‘00003‘, 20 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘00001‘, ‘00001‘, 30 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘00001‘, ‘00002‘, 22 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00004‘, ‘00002‘, ‘00003‘, 12 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00005‘, ‘00002‘, ‘00002‘, 11 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00006‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00001‘, 60 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00007‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00002‘, 2 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00008‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00003‘, 5 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00009‘, ‘00004‘, ‘00001‘, 16 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00010‘, ‘00004‘, ‘00002‘, 8 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00011‘, ‘00004‘, ‘00003‘, 9 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00012‘, ‘00005‘, ‘00001‘, 6 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00013‘, ‘00005‘, ‘00003‘, 26 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00014‘, ‘00006‘, ‘00001‘, 66 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_SaleBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00015‘, ‘00006‘, ‘00002‘, 518 ) 
 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00001‘, ‘00001‘, ‘00002‘, 12 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00002‘, ‘00001‘, ‘00001‘, 20 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00003‘, ‘00002‘, ‘00001‘, 32 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00004‘, ‘00002‘, ‘00003‘, 18 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00005‘, ‘00002‘, ‘00002‘, 88 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00006‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00003‘, 19 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00007‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00002‘, 6 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00008‘, ‘00003‘, ‘00001‘, 2 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00009‘, ‘00004‘, ‘00001‘, 20 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00010‘, ‘00004‘, ‘00003‘, 18 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00011‘, ‘00005‘, ‘00002‘, 19 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00012‘, ‘00005‘, ‘00001‘, 26 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00013‘, ‘00006‘, ‘00003‘, 3 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00014‘, ‘00006‘, ‘00001‘, 22 ) 
INSERT  INTO T_PurchaseBillDetail ( FId, FBillId, FMerchandiseId, FCount )
VALUES  ( ‘00015‘, ‘00006‘, ‘00002‘, 168 ) 

--  Tables And Data End =======================

--  报表===================================================================
USE [SimpleEntrySystem]
GO
--  显示制单人详细信息
SELECT  [FNumber], [FBillMakerId], [FMakeDate]
FROM    [dbo].[T_SaleBill]
    --inner join   需要知道是哪个人开的单
SELECT  [s].[FNumber], [p].[FName], [s].[FMakeDate]
FROM    [dbo].[T_SaleBill] AS [s]
        INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_Person] AS [p] ON [s].[FBillMakerId] = [p].[FId]
    --left outer join    需要将空的开单人标识     
SELECT  [s].[FNumber], COALESCE([p].[FName], ‘没有开单人‘), [s].[FMakeDate]
FROM    [dbo].[T_SaleBill] AS [s]
        LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[T_Person] AS [p] ON [s].[FBillMakerId] = [p].[FId]

--    显示销售单的信息 
/*
    要求列出所有销售单的详细信息，每行显示销售单的每一条销售记录，同时每行头部要
显示此行所属的销售单的信息，比如单号、开单人、开单日期等。T_SaleBillDetail表保存的
是销售单的每一条销售记录，T_SaleBill表保存的是销售单的头信息，T_SaleBillDetail表的
FMerchandiseId字段保存的是销售的商品主键，而 T_SaleBill表的 FBillMakerId字段保存的
是开单人的主键，只要对这四张表做连接查询即可。由于 T_SaleBill表的 FBillMakerId字段
有可能为空，所以在 T_SaleBill 表和 T_Person 表进行连接的时候要使用左外连接，而为了
提高查询效率其他连接都使用内连接
*/
SELECT  [saleBill].[FNumber] AS ‘销售单编号‘,
        COALESCE([person].[FName], ‘没有开单人‘) AS ‘开单人‘,
        [saleBill].[FMakeDate] AS ‘销售时间‘, [merchandise].[FName] AS ‘商品名称‘,
        [saleBillDetail].[FCount] AS ‘销售数量‘
FROM    [dbo].[T_SaleBill] AS [saleBill]
        LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[T_Person] AS [person] ON [saleBill].[FBillMakerId] = [person].[FId]
        INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_SaleBillDetail] AS [saleBillDetail] ON saleBillDetail.[FBillId] = [saleBill].[FId]
        INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_Merchandise] AS [merchandise] ON [merchandise].[FId] = [saleBillDetail].[FMerchandiseId]
ORDER BY [saleBill].[FMakeDate] DESC

--收益计算
/*
    要求计算每种商品的总收益， 受收益的定义为所有的销售单中该商品的销售总额减去所
有的采购单中该商品的购买总额。
*/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--销售额
SELECT  [m].[FName] AS ‘商品名称‘, [m].[FPrice] * [sbd].[FCount] AS ‘销售额‘
FROM    [dbo].[T_Merchandise] AS [m]
        INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_SaleBillDetail] AS [sbd] ON [m].[FId] = [sbd].[FMerchandiseId]
        
UNION ALL

--采购额
SELECT  [m].[FName] AS ‘商品名称‘, [m].[FPrice] * [pbd].[FCount] * ( -1 ) AS ‘采购额‘
FROM    [dbo].[T_Merchandise] AS [m]
        INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_PurchaseBillDetail] AS [pbd] ON [m].[FId] = [pbd].[FMerchandiseId] 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------       

        
--将采购和销售计算合并
SELECT  [detail].[FName], SUM([detail].[总额])
FROM    ( SELECT    [m].[FName] ,
                    [m].[FPrice] * [sbd].[FCount] AS ‘总额‘
          FROM      [dbo].[T_Merchandise] AS [m]
                    INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_SaleBillDetail] AS [sbd] ON [m].[FId] = [sbd].[FMerchandiseId]
          UNION ALL
          SELECT    [m].[FName] ,
                    [m].[FPrice] * [pbd].[FCount] * ( -1 ) AS ‘总额‘
          FROM      [dbo].[T_Merchandise] AS [m]
                    INNER JOIN [dbo].[T_PurchaseBillDetail] AS [pbd] ON [m].[FId] = [pbd].[FMerchandiseId]
        ) AS detail
GROUP BY  [detail].[FName]