jQuery 学习笔记(jQuery: The Return Flight)

时间：2014-08-29 22:35:18 阅读：404 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

标签：des style blog http color os 使用 java io

第一课.

ajax：$.ajax(url[, settings])

练习代码：

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#tour").on("click", "button", function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      }
    });
  });
});

<div id="tour" data-location="london">
  <button>Get Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

ajax 调用简写：$.get(url, success)

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#tour").on("click", "button", function() {
    $.get(‘/photos.html‘, function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
    });
  });
});

ajax 传递参数：直接在 url 中拼接或使用 data 对象传递，data: { "confNum": 1234 }

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练习代码：获取网页元素中的 data 属性值作为 ajax 参数值传递

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#tour").on("click", "button", function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      data: { "location": $("#tour").data("location")
      }
    });
  });
});

<div id="tour" data-location="london">
  <button>Get Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

第二课.

ajax 异常处理：error: function(request, errorType, errorMessage) { }

ajax 超时设定：timeout: 3000

ajax 调用前（beforeSend: function() {}）完成后（complete: function() {}）执行方法：

练习代码：

$(document).ready(function() {
  var el = $("#tour");
  el.on("click", "button", function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      data: {location: el.data(‘location‘)},
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      error: function(request, errorType, errorMessage) {
        //var errmsg = $("<li>Error: " + errorType + " with message: " + errorMessage + "</li>");
        //$(‘.photos‘).append(errmsg);
        //alert(‘Error: ‘ + errorType + ‘ with message: ‘ + errorMessage);
        $(‘.photos‘).html(‘<li>There was a problem fetching the latest photos. Please try again.</li>‘);
      },
      timeout: 3000,
      beforeSend: function() {
        $("#tour").addClass("is-fetching")
      },
      complete: function() {
        $("#tour").removeClass("is-fetching")
      }
    });
  });
});

<div id="tour" data-location="london">
  <button>Get Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

ajax 事件处理：处理 ajax 完成新增的标签元素的事件

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练习代码：

$(document).ready(function() {
  function showPhotos() {
    $(this).find(‘span‘).slideToggle();
  }
  $(‘.photos‘).on(‘mouseenter‘, ‘li‘, showPhotos)
                 .on(‘mouseleave‘, ‘li‘, showPhotos);


  var el = $("#tour");
  el.on("click", "button", function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      data: {location: el.data(‘location‘)},
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      error: function() {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(‘<li>There was a problem fetching the latest photos. Please try again.</li>‘);
      },
      timeout: 3000,
      beforeSend: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).addClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      },
      complete: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).removeClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      }
    });
  });
});

HTML、AJAX Result

<div id="tour" data-location="london">
  <button>Get Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

<li>
  <img src="/assets/photos/paris1.jpg">
  <span style="display: none;">Arc de Triomphe</span>
</li>
<li>
  <img src="/assets/photos/paris2.jpg">
  <span style="display: none;">The Eiffel Tower</span>
</li>
<li>
  <img src="/assets/photos/london.jpg">
  <span style="display: none;">London</span>
</li>

第三课.

JavaScript Objects：

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练习代码：

重构前：

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#tour").on("click", "button", function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      data: {location: $("#tour").data(‘location‘)},
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      error: function() {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(‘<li>There was a problem fetching the latest photos. Please try again.</li>‘);
      },
      timeout: 3000,
      beforeSend: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).addClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      },
      complete: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).removeClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      }
    });
  });
});

重构为 JavaScript 对象 tour 后：

var tour = {
  init: function() {
    $("#tour").on("click", "button", this.fetchPhotos);
  },
  fetchPhotos: function() {
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      data: {location: $("#tour").data(‘location‘)},
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      error: function() {
        $(‘.photos‘).html(‘<li>There was a problem fetching the latest photos. Please try again.</li>‘);
      },
      timeout: 3000,
      beforeSend: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).addClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      },
      complete: function() {
        $(‘#tour‘).removeClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      }
    })
  }
}
$(document).ready(function() { 
  tour.init();
});

第四课.

JavaScript Functions：重点理解 this 变量的作用域

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ajax 回调函数中应用调用函数变量 this 时，需要首先在 ajax 的 context 参数中传入调用函数的 this 变量：

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练习代码：

function Tour(el) {
  var tour = this;
  this.el = el;
  this.photos = this.el.find(‘.photos‘);
  this.fetchPhotos = function() { 
    $.ajax(‘/photos.html‘, {
      data: {location: tour.el.data(‘location‘)},
      context: tour,
      success: function(response) {
        this.photos.html(response).fadeIn();
      },
      error: function() {
        this.photos.html(‘<li>There was a problem fetching the latest photos. Please try again.</li>‘);
      },
      timeout: 3000,
      beforeSend: function() {
        this.el.addClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      },
      complete: function() {
        this.el.removeClass(‘is-fetching‘);
      }
    });
  }
  this.el.on(‘click‘, ‘button‘, this.fetchPhotos);
}

$(document).ready(function() { 
  var paris = new Tour($(‘#paris‘));
  var london = new Tour($(‘#london‘));
});

<div id="paris" data-location="paris">
  <button>Get Paris Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

<div id="london" data-location="london">
  <button>Get London Photos</button>
  <ul class="photos">

  </ul>
</div>

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第五课.

Ajax Forms

$(‘form‘).on(‘submit‘, function(event) {}); //表单提交事件

event.preventDefault(); //阻止浏览器的默认表单提交行为

type: ‘POST‘ // POST 方式提交

data:{ "destination": $(‘#destination‘).val(), "quantity": $(‘#quantity‘).val() } //获取表单中的元素值提交数据

data: $(‘form‘).serialize() //通过表单序列化，提交整张表单中的数据

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练习代码：

$(document).ready(function() {
  $(‘form‘).on(‘submit‘, function(event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    $.ajax(‘/book‘, {
      type: ‘POST‘,
      data: $(‘form‘).serialize(),
      success: function(response){
        $(‘.tour‘).html(response);
      }
    });
  });
});

<div class="tour" data-daily-price="357">
  <h2>Paris, France Tour</h2>
  <p>$<span id="total">2,499</span> for <span id="nights-count">7</span> Nights</p>
  <form action="/book" method="POST">
    <p>
      <label for="nights">Number of Nights</label>
    </p>
    <p>
      <input type="number" name="nights" id="nights" value="7">
    </p>
    <input type="submit" value="book">
  </form>
</div>

第六课.

Ajax with JSON

dataType: ‘json‘ // 通知服务器提交的数据类型为 json

contentType: ‘application/json‘ //要求服务器返回的数据类型为 json

attr(<attribute>) //获取 html 对象的属性

attr(<attribute>, <value>) //给 html 对象的属性赋值

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练习代码：

$(document).ready(function() {
  $(‘form‘).on(‘submit‘, function(event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    $.ajax($(‘form‘).attr(‘action‘), {
      type: $(‘form‘).attr(‘method‘),
      data: $(‘form‘).serialize(),
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(response) {
        $(‘.tour‘).html(‘<p></p>‘)
                  .find(‘p‘)
                  .append(‘Trip to ‘ + response.description)
                  .append(‘ at $‘ + response.price)
                  .append(‘ for ‘ + response.nights + ‘ nights‘)
                  .append(‘. Confirmation: ‘ + response.confirmation);
      }
    });
  });
});

<div class="tour" data-daily-price="357">
  <h2>Paris, France Tour</h2>
  <p>$<span id="total">2,499</span> for <span id="nights-count">7</span> Nights</p>
  <form action="/book" method="POST">
    <p>
      <label for="nights">Number of Nights</label>
    </p>
    <p>
      <input type="number" name="nights" id="nights" value="7">
    </p>
    <input type="submit" value="book">
  </form>
</div>

第七课.

Utility Methods

$.each(collection, function(<index>, <object>) {}) //iterate through the array

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练习代码：

$(‘button‘).on(‘click‘, function() {
  $.ajax(‘/cities/deals‘, {
    contentType: ‘application/json‘,
    dataType: ‘json‘,
    success: function(result) {
      $.each(result, function(index, dealItem) {
        var dealElement = $(‘.deal-‘ + index);
        dealElement.find(‘.name‘).html(dealItem.name);
        dealElement.find(‘.price‘).html(dealItem.price);
      });
    }
  });
});

$.getJSON(url, success); //result will be an array of avaScript Objects

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练习代码：

$(‘button‘).on(‘click‘, function() {
  $.getJSON(‘/cities/deals‘, function(result) {
    $.each(result, function(index, dealItem) {
      var dealElement = $(‘.deal-‘ + index);
      dealElement.find(‘.name‘).html(dealItem.name);
      dealElement.find(‘.price‘).html(dealItem.price);
    });
  });
});

$.map(collection, function(<item>, <index>){});

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练习代码：

$(‘.update-available-flights‘).on(‘click‘, function() {
  $.getJSON(‘/flights/late‘, function(result) {
    var flightElements = $.map(result, function(flightItem, index){
      var liItem = $(‘<li></li>‘);
      liItem.append(‘<p>‘+flightItem.flightNumber+‘</p>‘);
      liItem.append(‘<p>‘+flightItem.time+‘</p>‘);
      return liItem;
    });
    $(‘.flight-times‘).html(flightElements);
  });
});

$.each vs $.map

.detach() //.detach() removes an element from the DOM, preserving all data and events.

detach() 方法移除被选元素，包括所有文本和子节点。

这个方法会保留 jQuery 对象中的匹配的元素，因而可以在将来再使用这些匹配的元素。

detach() 会保留所有绑定的事件、附加的数据，这一点与 remove() 不同。

练习代码：

$(‘.update-available-flights‘).on(‘click‘, function() {
  $.getJSON(‘/flights/late‘, function(result) {
    var flightElements = $.map(result, function(flightItem, index){
      var flightEl = $(‘<li>‘+flightItem.flightNumber+‘-‘+flightItem.time+‘</li>‘);
      return flightEl;
    });
    $(‘.flight-times‘).detach().html(flightElements).appendTo(‘.flights‘);
  });
});

第八课.

Managing Events：同一个元素同一个事件挂接多个事件处理程序，按顺序执行