学生 和 课程就是一种多对多的关系映射,那么再hibernate中,对于多对多关系在怎么配置?
和一些注意的事项?简单测试下。
建表
实体
配置文件和映射
测试
1。使用oracle ,建表sql
create table students( id number(7) primary key, name nvarchar2(20), age number(2) ) create table course( id number(7) primary key, name nvarchar2(20), time nvarchar2(20) ) create table st_cou( st_id references students(id), cou_id references course(id), primary key (st_id,cou_id) )
2. students 实体
package com.hibernate.entity; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; public class Students { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private Set<Course> course = new HashSet<Course>(); public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public Set<Course> getCourse() { return course; } public void setCourse(Set<Course> course) { this.course = course; } public Students(Integer id, String name, Integer age) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public Students() { super(); } @Override public String toString() { return "Students [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", course=" + course + "]"; } }
3. course实体
package com.hibernate.entity; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.Set; public class Course { private Integer id; private String name; private String time; private Set<Students> students = new HashSet<Students>(); public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getTime() { return time; } public void setTime(String time) { this.time = time; } public Set<Students> getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(Set<Students> students) { this.students = students; } public Course(Integer id, String name, String time) { super(); this.id = id; this.name = name; this.time = time; } public Course() { super(); } @Override public String toString() { return "Course [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", time=" + time + "]"; } }
4.hibernate.cfg.xml 配置
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <!-- 添加配置信息:数据库连接参数 --> <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.username">zt</property> <property name="hibernate.connection.password">zt</property> <!-- 添加配置信息:hibernate 自身属性 dialect :方言,指定数据类型,hibernate可以针对不同的数据库做出相应的优化 --> <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property> <!-- 为getCurrentSession增加配置 --> <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> <mapping resource="course.cfg.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
course.hbm.xmc 映射配置
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate.entity"> <class name="Students" table="students"> <id name="id"> <generator class="increment"></generator> </id> <property name="age"/> <property name="name"/> <!-- name:是实体中关联的另一方属性 cascade:是级联级别 table:是 学生和 课程中间关联的那张表 下面course配置和students配置是一样的。 --> <set name="course" cascade="all" table="st_cou"> <!-- columun:是关系表中的自己的维护字段 --> <key column="st_id"></key> <!-- class:是关系对方的实体 column:是关系对方的维护字段 --> <many-to-many class="Course" column="cou_id"/> </set> </class> <class name="Course" table="course"> <id name="id"> <generator class="increment"></generator> </id> <property name="name"/> <property name="time"/> <set name="students" cascade="all" table="st_cou"> <key column="cou_id"></key> <many-to-many class="Students" column="st_id"></many-to-many> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
5. 测试
查询和更新测试略
查询直接查就可以了,更新查询后,修改值后,更新就可以了。
插入测试,级联插入
@Test public void inset(){ Session session = HibUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Course course = new Course(null, "地理", "面貌"); Students students = new Students(null, "蛋蛋", 18); students.getCourse().add(course); // course.getStudents().add(students);这句不用写 session.save(students); tx.commit(); }
多对多中,插入,只要乙方进行维护就可以,如果二方都写
students.getCourse().add(course); course.getStudents().add(students);
那么插入中,再关联表中,由于乙方已经维护,此时已经存在关联关系,这时候,另一方已进行维护
那么由于已经存在关联关系,这时候会报 违反唯一约束条件
删除测试
@Test public void delete(){ Session session = HibUtil.getSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); Students students = (Students)session.get(Students.class, 1); session.delete(students); tx.commit(); }
执行之后,进入数据库查询,发现,只要是在关联表中存在的,相关学生和课程都会被删除。
配置中,我们配置了级联级别是 all 这中权限过大,慎用。级联级别修改为 save-update
6.注意
1.实体中 我们写关系一方有
private Set<Course> course = new HashSet<Course>();
为什么 new HashSet<Course>();
当我们进行单个插入表时,如果没有new HashSet<Course>();
Students students = (Students)session.get(Students.class, 1); Course course = new Course(null, "地理", "面貌"); 这里的course.getStudents() 是个null 而用null对象.add 会是空指针 course.getStudents().add(students);
2. 级联关系
在关联关系中,要慎用关系,以免对另一方数据操作损失。
本文出自 “永恒之光” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://zhuws.blog.51cto.com/11134439/1940750
原文地址:http://zhuws.blog.51cto.com/11134439/1940750