标签:python学习 cap 处理 www imp search included 位置 string
正则表达式就是用查找字符串的,它能查找规则比较复杂的字符串
反斜杠:正则表达式里面用"\"作为转义字符。
1 s=‘<a class="h3" href=""><b>python学习笔记</b></a>‘ 2 3 print(re.findall(r‘\<a class\=\"h3\" href\=\"\"><b>(.*)\<\/b\>\<\/a\>‘,s))
里面的一个 r 表示字符串为非转义的原始字符串,让编译器忽略反斜杠,也就是忽略转义字符。但是这个字符串里没有反斜杠,所以这个 r 可有可无。
常用的功能函数包括:match、search、findall、sub
1、re.match()函数
函数语法:
re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)
1 def match(pattern, string, flags=0): 2 """Try to apply the pattern at the start of the string, returning 3 a match object, or None if no match was found.""" 4 return _compile(pattern, flags).match(string)
函数参数说明:
作用:match()函数只在字符串的开始位置尝试匹配正则表达式,即从位置0开始匹配。如果匹配成功,则返回一个匹配的对象;如果字符串开始不符合正则表达式,则匹配失败,函数返回None。
1 import re 2 test = ‘http://news.163.com/17/0624/10/CNMHVBJP0001899N.html‘ 3 print(re.match(r‘http‘,test)) # <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 4), match=‘http‘> 4 print(re.match(r‘news‘,test)) # None
2、re.search()函数
函数语法:
1 re.search(pattern, string[, flags])
1 def search(pattern, string, flags=0): 2 """Scan through string looking for a match to the pattern, returning 3 a match object, or None if no match was found.""" 4 return _compile(pattern, flags).search(string)
re.search()匹配整个字符串,直到找到第一个匹配的,如果字符串中没有匹配的,则返回None。
1 import re 2 test = ‘I am a loving child to learn.‘ 3 print(re.search(r‘I‘,test)) # <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(0, 1), match=‘I‘> 4 print(re.search(r‘learn‘,test)) # <_sre.SRE_Match object; span=(23, 28), match=‘learn‘> 5 print(re.search(r‘alina‘,test)) # None
3、re.sub()函数
函数语法:
1 re.sub(pattern,repl,string,count,flags)
1 def sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0): 2 """Return the string obtained by replacing the leftmost 3 non-overlapping occurrences of the pattern in string by the 4 replacement repl. repl can be either a string or a callable; 5 if a string, backslash escapes in it are processed. If it is 6 a callable, it‘s passed the match object and must return 7 a replacement string to be used.""" 8 return _compile(pattern, flags).sub(repl, string, count)
函数参数说明:
re.sub()函数用于替换字符串中的匹配项。
1 import re 2 test = ‘I am a loving child to learn.‘ 3 print(re.sub(r‘child‘,‘MMMMM‘,test)) # 替换字符串,将child 替换成MMMMM
4、re.findall()函数
函数语法:
1 re.findall(pattern,string,flags)
1 def findall(pattern, string, flags=0): 2 """Return a list of all non-overlapping matches in the string. 3 4 If one or more capturing groups are present in the pattern, return 5 a list of groups; this will be a list of tuples if the pattern 6 has more than one group. 7 8 Empty matches are included in the result.""" 9 return _compile(pattern, flags).findall(string)
re.findall()可以获取字符串中所有匹配的字符串
1 import re 2 test = ‘<a href="http://www.educity.cn/zhibo/" target="_blank">直播课堂</a>‘ 3 print(re.findall(r‘<a href="(.*)" target="_blank">(.*)</a>‘,test)) #[(‘http://www.educity.cn/zhibo/‘, ‘直播课堂‘)]
在练习正则表达式的时候,用的最多的就是re.findall()函数
标签:python学习 cap 处理 www imp search included 位置 string
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xyf9575/p/7072863.html