标签：mysql
一键安装脚本：
cat mysql_install.sh
#!/bin.bash groupadd mysql useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql cd /usr/local/ wget http://mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.6.32-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data #data file chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --user=mysql /bin/cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld /etc/init.d/mysqld start chkconfig --add mysqld chkconfig mysqld on echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:$PATH‘ >>/etc/profile source /etc/profile
更改mysql数据库root的密码
mysqladmin -uroot -p“oldpassword” password “newpassword”
或登录修改
set password for root@localhost = password(‘123456‘);
登录mysql修改：
use mysql;
update user set password=password("123456") where user="root";
flush privileges;
mysql加入环境变量PATH中
[root@localhost ~]#
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
这样就可以了，但重启Linux后还会失效，所以需要让它开机加载:
[root@localhost ~]#
echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost ~]#
source /etc/profile
连接数据库,通过使用 mysql -u root -p 就可以连接数据库了，但这只是连接的本地的数据库 “localhost”, 可是有很多时候都是去连接网络中的某一个主机上的mysql。
[root@localhost ~]#
mysql -uroot -p -h192.168.137.10 -P3306
Enter password:
其中后边的 -P(大写) 用来指定远程主机mysql的绑定端口，默认都是3306, -h 用来指定远程主机的IP.
一些基本的MySQL操作命令
1. 查询当前的库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)
mysql的命令，结尾处需要加一个分号。
2. 查询某个库的表
首先需要切换到某个库里去:
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
然后再把表列出来:
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
23 rows in set (0.06 sec)
3. 查看某个表的全部字段
mysql> desc slow_log;
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| start_time | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| user_host | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
| query_time | time | NO | | NULL | |
| lock_time | time | NO | | NULL | |
| rows_sent | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| rows_examined | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| db | varchar(512) | NO | | NULL | |
| last_insert_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| insert_id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| server_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | | NULL | |
| sql_text | mediumtext | NO | | NULL | |
+----------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
11 rows in set (0.04 sec)
也可以使用两一条命令，显示比这个更详细，而且可以把建表语句全部列出来:
mysql> show create table slow_log\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: slow_log
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `slow_log` (
`start_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`user_host` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`query_time` time NOT NULL,
`lock_time` time NOT NULL,
`rows_sent` int(11) NOT NULL,
`rows_examined` int(11) NOT NULL,
`db` varchar(512) NOT NULL,
`last_insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`insert_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`server_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
`sql_text` mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT=‘Slow log‘
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
4. 查看当前是哪个用户
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 查看当前所使用数据库
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
6. 创建一个新库
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
7. 创建一个新表
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1 (`id` int(4), `name` char(40));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
要注意的是，字段名需要用反引号括起来。
8. 查看当前数据库版本
mysql> select version();
+------------+
| version() |
+------------+
| 5.1.40-log |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
9. 查看当前mysql状态
mysql> show status;
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| Aborted_clients | 0 |
| Aborted_connects | 5 |
| Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
| Bytes_received | 303 |
| Bytes_sent | 7001 |
10. 查看mysql的参数
mysql> show variables;
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------+
| auto_increment_increment | 1 |
| auto_increment_offset | 1 |
| autocommit | ON |
| automatic_sp_privileges | ON |
| back_log | 50 |
| basedir | /usr/local/mysql/ |
11. 修改mysql的参数
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connect%‘;
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 10 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global max_connect_errors = 1000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show variables like ‘max_connect_errors‘;
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 1000 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
在mysql命令行， “%” 类似于shell下的 *, 表示万能匹配。使用 “set global” 可以临时修改某些参数，但是重启mysqld服务后还会变为原来的，所以要想恒久生效，需要在配置文件 my.cnf 中定义。
12. 查看当前mysql服务器的队列
这个在日常的管理工作中使用最为频繁，因为使用它可以查看当前mysql在干什么，可以发现是否有锁表:
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 13 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
13. 创建一个普通用户并授权
mysql> grant all on *.* to user1 identified by ‘123456‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
all 表示所有的权限（读、写、查询、删除等等操作）， *.* 前面的 * 表示所有的数据库，后面的 * 表示所有的表，identified by 后面跟密码，用单引号括起来。这里的user1指的是localhost上的user1，如果是给网络上的其他机器上的某个用户授权则这样:
mysql> grant all on db1.* to ‘user2‘@‘10.0.2.100‘ identified by ‘111222‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
用户和主机的IP之间有一个@，另外主机IP那里可以用%替代，表示所有主机，例如:
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘wenlong‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
一些常用的sql
1. 查询语句
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 8 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql.user表示mysql库的user表；count(*)表示表中共有多少行。
mysql> select * from mysql.db;
这个用来表示查询mysql库的db表中的所有数据，也可以查询单个字段或者多个字段:
mysql> select db from mysql.db;
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
同样，在查询语句中可以使用万能匹配 “%”
mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like ‘10.0.%‘;
2. 插入一行
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, ‘abc‘);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3. 更改表的某一行
mysql> update db1.t1 set name=‘aaa‘ where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
4. 清空表数据
mysql> truncate table db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from db1.t1;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 0 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 删除表
mysql> drop table db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
6. 删除数据库
mysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql数据库的备份与恢复
备份:
[root@localhost ~]#
mysqldump -uroot -p‘yourpassword‘ mysql >/tmp/mysql.sql
使用 mysqldump 命令备份数据库，-u 和 -p 两个选项使用方法和前面说的 mysql 同样，而后面的 “mysql” 指的是库名，然后重定向到一个文本文档里。备份完后，你可以查看 /tmp/mysql.sql 这个文件里的内容。
恢复和备份正好相反:
[root@localhost ~]#
mysql -uroot -p‘yourpassword‘ mysql </tmp/mysql.sql
MySQL官方中文参考手册(5.1) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/index.html
标签：mysql
原文地址：http://butterflykiss.blog.51cto.com/3354010/1951163
