html5为input元素新增了一个属性”placeholder”,提供对输入字段预期值的提示信息,input为空且未获得焦点时显示,获得焦点时消失,非常实用。目前,大部分现代浏览器都对placeholder属性提供了支持,IE10也是支持的。如果需要使IE6~IE9等浏览器支持placeholder,只有借助js了。
在这些不支持原生placeholder属性的浏览器下,通常使用value值来模拟,如果input为空且未获得焦点,就把value值设置为placeholder属性的值,一旦获得焦点,则将该input的值清空。这种方式在一些情况下会有问题,比如type=”password”的input的value值是以星号显示的,无法直接显示文字,除非同时更改type类型。再如,会给表单验证带来麻烦,如果某input是必填的,那么提交表单的时候该input的value为空或者为placeholder值时都不应该被提交,所以我们要增加对value为placeholder的判断,或许这不是什么大问题,不过如果项目里使用了验证插件,而插件本身又不支持这种方式,还是会带来些麻烦的。我在前不久的项目中就遇到了这个问题。现在重写了placeholder函数,在支持传统的使用value模拟placeholder方式的同时,提供了一种插入一个覆盖在input上的span标签来模拟placeholder的方式,可供必要时选择。先上demo:
【点击这里查看 “跨浏览器的placeholder” DEMO】
下面是js代码主要部分,全部代码就不贴出了,可以查看demo页面的源码。稍后放出jquery插件版的。
主要JS:
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/**  * @name placeHolder  * @class 跨浏览器placeHolder,对于不支持原生placeHolder的浏览器,通过value或插入span元素两种方案模拟  * @param {Object} obj 要应用placeHolder的表单元素对象  * @param {Boolean} span 是否采用悬浮的span元素方式来模拟placeHolder,默认值false,默认使用value方式模拟  */function placeHolder(obj, span) {     if (!obj.getAttribute(‘placeholder‘)) return;     var imitateMode = span === true ? true: false;     var supportPlaceholder = ‘placeholder‘ in document.createElement(‘input‘);     if (!supportPlaceholder) {         var defaultValue = obj.getAttribute(‘placeholder‘);         if (!imitateMode) {             obj.onfocus = function() { (obj.value == defaultValue) && (obj.value = ‘‘);                 obj.style.color = ‘‘;             }             obj.onblur = function() {                 if (obj.value == defaultValue) {                     obj.style.color = ‘‘;                 } else if (obj.value == ‘‘) {                     obj.value = defaultValue;                     obj.style.color = ‘#ACA899‘;                 }             }             obj.onblur();         } else {             var placeHolderCont = document.createTextNode(defaultValue);             var oWrapper = document.createElement(‘span‘);             oWrapper.style.cssText = ‘position:absolute; color:#ACA899; display:inline-block; overflow:hidden;‘;             oWrapper.className = ‘wrap-placeholder‘;             oWrapper.style.fontFamily = getStyle(obj, ‘fontFamily‘);             oWrapper.style.fontSize = getStyle(obj, ‘fontSize‘);             oWrapper.style.marginLeft = parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) ? parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) + 3 + ‘px‘: 3 + ‘px‘;             oWrapper.style.marginTop = parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginTop‘)) ? getStyle(obj, ‘marginTop‘) : 1 + ‘px‘;             oWrapper.style.paddingLeft = getStyle(obj, ‘paddingLeft‘);             oWrapper.style.width = obj.offsetWidth - parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) + ‘px‘;             oWrapper.style.height = obj.offsetHeight + ‘px‘;             oWrapper.style.lineHeight = obj.nodeName.toLowerCase() == ‘textarea‘ ? ‘‘: obj.offsetHeight + ‘px‘;             oWrapper.appendChild(placeHolderCont);             obj.parentNode.insertBefore(oWrapper, obj);             oWrapper.onclick = function() {                 obj.focus();             }             //绑定input或onpropertychange事件             if (typeof(obj.oninput) == ‘object‘) {                 obj.addEventListener("input", changeHandler, false);             } else {                 obj.onpropertychange = changeHandler;             }             function changeHandler() {                 oWrapper.style.display = obj.value != ‘‘ ? ‘none‘: ‘inline-block‘;             }             /**                  * @name getStyle                  * @class 获取样式                  * @param {Object} obj 要获取样式的对象                  * @param {String} styleName 要获取的样式名                  */            function getStyle(obj, styleName) {                 var oStyle = null;                 if (obj.currentStyle) oStyle = obj.currentStyle[styleName];                 else if (window.getComputedStyle) oStyle = window.getComputedStyle(obj, null)[styleName];                 return oStyle;             }         }     } } | 
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根据上面的东东, 简单的一个demo如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="gb2312" /> <title>跨浏览器placehoder</title> <meta name="author" content="ifrans.cn" /> <meta name="description" content="跨浏览器的placehoder原生js版,让ie也支持placehoder" /> <meta name="keywords" content="跨浏览器,placehoder,ie,原生js,表单" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="./placeholder.js" ></script> <style> input{ vertical-align:middle; margin-left:10px; height:24px; line-height:24px; width:200px; padding-left:2px; } textarea{ vertical-align:middle; margin-left:10px; width:200px; height:50px; font:inherit; padding-left:2px;} </style> </head> <body onload="initPlaceholder(‘form1‘)"> <form id="form1"> <h3>在不支持placeholder的浏览器下,通过插入悬浮的span元素方式模拟</h3> <p><label for="username1">用户名:</label><input type="text" name="username1" id="username1" placeholder="请输入用户名" value="" required></p> <p><label for="password1">密 码:</label><input type="password" name="password1" id="password1" placeholder="请输入密码" value="" required></p> <p><label for="address1">地 址:</label><input type="text" name="address1" id="address1" placeholder="请输入地址" value="" required></p> <p><label for="remarks1">备 注:</label><textarea placeholder="请输入备注" id="remarks1"></textarea></p> </form> </body> </html>
/** * @name placeHolder * @class 跨浏览器placeHolder,对于不支持原生placeHolder的浏览器,通过value或插入span元素两种方案模拟 * @param {Object} obj 要应用placeHolder的表单元素对象 * @param {Boolean} span 是否采用悬浮的span元素方式来模拟placeHolder,默认值false,默认使用value方式模拟 */ function placeHolder(obj, span) { if (!obj.getAttribute(‘placeholder‘)) return; var imitateMode = span===true?true:false; var supportPlaceholder = ‘placeholder‘ in document.createElement(‘input‘); if (!supportPlaceholder) { var defaultValue = obj.getAttribute(‘placeholder‘); if (!imitateMode) { obj.onfocus = function () { (obj.value == defaultValue) && (obj.value = ‘‘); obj.style.color = ‘‘; } obj.onblur = function () { if (obj.value == defaultValue) { obj.style.color = ‘‘; } else if (obj.value == ‘‘) { obj.value = defaultValue; obj.style.color = ‘#ACA899‘; } } obj.onblur(); } else { var placeHolderCont = document.createTextNode(defaultValue); var oWrapper = document.createElement(‘span‘); oWrapper.style.cssText = ‘position:absolute; color:#ACA899; display:inline-block; overflow:hidden;‘; oWrapper.className = ‘wrap-placeholder‘; oWrapper.style.fontFamily = getStyle(obj, ‘fontFamily‘); oWrapper.style.fontSize = getStyle(obj, ‘fontSize‘); oWrapper.style.marginLeft = parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) ? parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) + 3 + ‘px‘ : 3 + ‘px‘; oWrapper.style.marginTop = parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginTop‘)) ? getStyle(obj, ‘marginTop‘): 1 + ‘px‘; oWrapper.style.paddingLeft = getStyle(obj, ‘paddingLeft‘); oWrapper.style.width = obj.offsetWidth - parseInt(getStyle(obj, ‘marginLeft‘)) + ‘px‘; oWrapper.style.height = obj.offsetHeight + ‘px‘; oWrapper.style.lineHeight = obj.nodeName.toLowerCase()==‘textarea‘? ‘‘:obj.offsetHeight + ‘px‘; oWrapper.appendChild(placeHolderCont); obj.parentNode.insertBefore(oWrapper, obj); oWrapper.onclick = function () { obj.focus(); } //绑定input或onpropertychange事件 if (typeof(obj.oninput)==‘object‘) { obj.addEventListener("input", changeHandler, false); } else { obj.onpropertychange = changeHandler; } function changeHandler() { oWrapper.style.display = obj.value != ‘‘ ? ‘none‘ : ‘inline-block‘; } /** * @name getStyle * @class 获取样式 * @param {Object} obj 要获取样式的对象 * @param {String} styleName 要获取的样式名 */ function getStyle(obj, styleName) { var oStyle = null; if (obj.currentStyle) oStyle = obj.currentStyle[styleName]; else if (window.getComputedStyle) oStyle = window.getComputedStyle(obj, null)[styleName]; return oStyle; } } } } /** * 初始化, 对所有的input ,textarea应用. 在 body的onload中调用. */ function initPlaceholder(formid, doc) { if (!doc){ doc = document; } var oForm1 = doc.getElementById(formid); var oForm1Inputs = oForm1.getElementsByTagName(‘input‘); for(var i=0;i<oForm1Inputs.length;i++){ placeHolder(oForm1Inputs[i],true); } var oForm1Textarea = oForm1.getElementsByTagName(‘textarea‘); for(var i=0;i<oForm1Textarea.length;i++){ placeHolder(oForm1Textarea[i],true); } }