Java——基础

int var;
var = 12;
int var1 = 12;
final int v1 = 0;　//常量

//c/c++
extern int a;    //声明
int a = 0;        //定义

enum Size {SMALL,MIDIUM,LARGE};

//定义
String e = "";
String greeting = "hello";

//子串
String greeting = "hello";
String s = greeting.substring(0,3);

//拼接
String expletive = "Expletive";
String pg = "deleted";
String msg = expletive + pg;
String msg1 =expletive + 1;
String all = String.join("/","S","M","L","XL");    //"S/M/L/XL"

//不可修改
String str = "Help";
str = str.substring(0,3) + "p!";    //Help!

//检查字符串相等
s.equals(t);
"Help".equals(greeting);
"Hello".equalsIgnoreCase("help");

//空串和null
if(str.length() == 0)

if(str.equals(""))

if(str == null)

StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append(ch);        //append a charactor
builder.append(str);    //append a string

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates console input.
 * @version 1.10 2004-02-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class InputTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      // get first input
      System.out.print("What is your name? ");
      String name = in.nextLine();

      // get second input
      System.out.print("How old are you? ");
      int age = in.nextInt();

      // display output on console
      System.out.println("Hello, " + name + ". Next year, you‘ll be " + (age + 1));
   }
}

Console cons = System.console();
String username = cons.readLine("User name:");
char[] passwd = cons.readPassword("Password:");

import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program uses big numbers to compute the odds of winning the grand prize in a lottery.
 * @version 1.20 2004-02-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class BigIntegerTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print("How many numbers do you need to draw? ");
      int k = in.nextInt();

      System.out.print("What is the highest number you can draw? ");
      int n = in.nextInt();

      /*
       * compute binomial coefficient n*(n-1)*(n-2)*...*(n-k+1)/(1*2*3*...*k)
       */

      BigInteger lotteryOdds = BigInteger.valueOf(1);

      for (int i = 1; i <= k; i++)
         lotteryOdds = lotteryOdds.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(n - i + 1)).divide(
               BigInteger.valueOf(i));

      System.out.println("Your odds are 1 in " + lotteryOdds + ". Good luck!");
   }
}

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates array manipulation.
 * @version 1.20 2004-02-10
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class LotteryDrawing
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

      System.out.print("How many numbers do you need to draw? ");
      int k = in.nextInt();

      System.out.print("What is the highest number you can draw? ");
      int n = in.nextInt();

      // fill an array with numbers 1 2 3 . . . n
      int[] numbers = new int[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++)
         numbers[i] = i + 1;

      // draw k numbers and put them into a second array
      int[] result = new int[k];
      for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++)
      {
         // make a random index between 0 and n - 1
         int r = (int) (Math.random() * n);

         // pick the element at the random location
         result[i] = numbers[r];

         // move the last element into the random location
         numbers[r] = numbers[n - 1];
         n--;
      }

      // print the sorted array
      Arrays.sort(result);
      System.out.println("Bet the following combination. It‘ll make you rich!");
      for (int r : result)
         System.out.println(r);
   }
}

Data deadline;     //声明一个变量，但是该变量没有引用任何对象
deadline = new Data();    //初始化变量

import java.time.*;

/**
 * This program tests the Employee class.
 * @version 1.12 2015-05-08
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EmployeeTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // fill the staff array with three Employee objects
      Employee[] staff = new Employee[3];

      staff[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      staff[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
      staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);

      // raise everyone‘s salary by 5%
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

      // print out information about all Employee objects
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
               + e.getHireDay());
   }
}

class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      name = n;
      salary = s;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }
}