标签:methods ret eve check 处理 http协议 algo http代理 ide
Http协议的重要性相信不用我多说了,HttpClient相比传统JDK自带的URLConnection,增加了易用性和灵活性(具体区别,日后我们再讨论),它不仅是客户端发送Http请求变得容易,而且也方便了开发人员测试接口(基于Http协议的),即提高了开发的效率,也方便提高代码的健壮性。因此熟练掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修内容,掌握HttpClient后,相信对于Http协议的了解会更加深入。
HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient已经应用在很多的项目中,比如Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外两个开源项目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。
下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi
1. 基于标准、纯净的Java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2. 以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法(GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE)。
3. 支持HTTPS协议。
4. 通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5. 利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7. 插件式的自定义认证方案。
8. 便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9. 连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数,同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数,发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。
使用HttpClient发送请求、接收响应很简单,一般需要如下几步即可。
1. 创建HttpClient对象。
2. 创建请求方法的实例,并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
3. 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
4. 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
5. 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
6. 释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功,都必须释放连接
package com.test; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.KeyStoreException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.ParseException; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import org.junit.Test; public class HttpClientTest { @Test public void jUnitTest() { get(); } /** * HttpClient连接SSL */ public void ssl() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; try { KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); try { // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); } catch (CertificateException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { instream.close(); } catch (Exception ignore) { } } // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书 SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); // 只允许使用TLSv1协议 SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); // 创建http请求(get方式) HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); EntityUtils.consume(entity); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (httpclient != null) { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } /** * post方式提交表单(模拟用户登录请求) */ public void postForm() { // 创建默认的httpClient实例. CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建httppost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); // 创建参数队列 List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 */ public void post() { // 创建默认的httpClient实例. CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建httppost HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); // 创建参数队列 List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; try { uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); } } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 发送 get请求 */ public void get() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { // 创建httpget. HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); // 执行get请求. CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); try { // 获取响应实体 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); // 打印响应状态 System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); if (entity != null) { // 打印响应内容长度 System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); // 打印响应内容 System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); } System.out.println("------------------------------------"); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 关闭连接,释放资源 try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 上传文件 */ public void upload() { CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); try { HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); try { System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); if (resEntity != null) { System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); } EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); } finally { response.close(); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { httpclient.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
package com.fh.util.http; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.text.MessageFormat; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Map.Entry; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest; import org.apache.http.HttpHost; import org.apache.http.HttpRequest; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler; import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.params.ClientPNames; import org.apache.http.client.params.CookiePolicy; import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils; import org.apache.http.conn.params.ConnRoutePNames; import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme; import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntity; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.ByteArrayBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.apache.http.params.CoreProtocolPNames; import org.apache.http.protocol.ExecutionContext; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import net.sf.json.JSONObject; /** * @className:HttpClientUtil.java * @classDescription:HttpClient工具类//待完善模拟登录,cookie,证书登录 * @author:xiayingjie * @createTime:2011-8-31 */ public class HttpClientUtilMy { public static String CHARSET_ENCODING = "UTF-8"; // private static String // USER_AGENT="Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Win32)";//ie6 public static String USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Win32)";// ie7 // private static String // USER_AGENT="Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Win32)";//ie8 /** * 获取DefaultHttpClient对象 * * @param charset * 字符编码 * @return DefaultHttpClient对象 */ private static DefaultHttpClient getDefaultHttpClient(final String charset) { DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); // 模拟浏览器,解决一些服务器程序只允许浏览器访问的问题 httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.USER_AGENT, USER_AGENT); httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.USE_EXPECT_CONTINUE, Boolean.FALSE); httpclient.getParams().setParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.HTTP_CONTENT_CHARSET, charset == null ? CHARSET_ENCODING : charset); // 浏览器兼容性 httpclient.getParams().setParameter(ClientPNames.COOKIE_POLICY, CookiePolicy.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY); // 定义重试策略 httpclient.setHttpRequestRetryHandler(requestRetryHandler); return httpclient; } /** * 访问https的网站 * * @param httpclient */ private static void enableSSL(DefaultHttpClient httpclient) { // 调用ssl try { SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sslcontext.init(null, new TrustManager[] { truseAllManager }, null); SSLSocketFactory sf = new SSLSocketFactory(sslcontext); sf.setHostnameVerifier(SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); Scheme https = new Scheme("https", sf, 443); httpclient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(https); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 重写验证方法,取消检测ssl */ private static TrustManager truseAllManager = new X509TrustManager() { public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) throws CertificateException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } }; /** * 异常自动恢复处理, 使用HttpRequestRetryHandler接口实现请求的异常恢复 */ private static HttpRequestRetryHandler requestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() { // 自定义的恢复策略 public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) { // 设置恢复策略,在发生异常时候将自动重试3次 if (executionCount >= 3) { // 如果连接次数超过了最大值则停止重试 return false; } if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) { // 如果服务器连接失败重试 return true; } if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) { // 不要重试ssl连接异常 return false; } HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) context.getAttribute(ExecutionContext.HTTP_REQUEST); boolean idempotent = (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest); if (!idempotent) { // 重试,如果请求是考虑幂等 return true; } return false; } }; /** * 使用ResponseHandler接口处理响应,HttpClient使用ResponseHandler会自动管理连接的释放,解决了对连接的释放管理 */ private static ResponseHandler<String> responseHandler = new ResponseHandler<String>() { // 自定义响应处理 public String handleResponse(HttpResponse response) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); if (entity != null) { String charset = EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity) == null ? CHARSET_ENCODING : EntityUtils.getContentCharSet(entity); return new String(EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity), charset); } else { return null; } } }; /** * 使用post方法获取相关的数据 * * @param url * @param paramsList * @return */ public static String post(String url, List<NameValuePair> paramsList) { return httpRequest(url, paramsList, "POST", null); } /** * 使用post方法并且通过代理获取相关的数据 * * @param url * @param paramsList * @param proxy * @return */ public static String post(String url, List<NameValuePair> paramsList, HttpHost proxy) { return httpRequest(url, paramsList, "POST", proxy); } /** * 使用get方法获取相关的数据 * * @param url * @param paramsList * @return */ public static String get(String url, List<NameValuePair> paramsList) { return httpRequest(url, paramsList, "GET", null); } /** * 使用get方法并且通过代理获取相关的数据 * * @param url * @param paramsList * @param proxy * @return */ public static String get(String url, List<NameValuePair> paramsList, HttpHost proxy) { return httpRequest(url, paramsList, "GET", proxy); } /** * 提交数据到服务器 * * @param url * @param params * @param authenticated * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */ public static String httpRequest(String url, List<NameValuePair> paramsList, String method, HttpHost proxy) { String responseStr = null; // 判断输入的值是是否为空 if (null == url || "".equals(url)) { return null; } // 创建HttpClient实例 DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(CHARSET_ENCODING); // 判断是否是https请求 if (url.startsWith("https")) { enableSSL(httpclient); } String formatParams = null; // 将参数进行utf-8编码 if (null != paramsList && paramsList.size() > 0) { formatParams = URLEncodedUtils.format(paramsList, CHARSET_ENCODING); } // 如果代理对象不为空则设置代理 if (null != proxy) { httpclient.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy); } try { // 如果方法为Get if ("GET".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) { if (formatParams != null) { url = (url.indexOf("?")) < 0 ? (url + "?" + formatParams) : (url.substring(0, url.indexOf("?") + 1) + formatParams); } HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(url); responseStr = httpclient.execute(hg, responseHandler); // 如果方法为Post } else if ("POST".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) { HttpPost hp = new HttpPost(url); if (formatParams != null) { StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(formatParams); entity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); hp.setEntity(entity); } responseStr = httpclient.execute(hp, responseHandler); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return responseStr; } /** * 提交数据到服务器 * * @param url * @param params * @param authenticated * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException */ public static String httpFileRequest(String url, Map<String, String> fileMap, Map<String, String> stringMap, int type, HttpHost proxy) { String responseStr = null; // 判断输入的值是是否为空 if (null == url || "".equals(url)) { return null; } // 创建HttpClient实例 DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(CHARSET_ENCODING); // 判断是否是https请求 if (url.startsWith("https")) { enableSSL(httpclient); } // 如果代理对象不为空则设置代理 if (null != proxy) { httpclient.getParams().setParameter(ConnRoutePNames.DEFAULT_PROXY, proxy); } // 发送文件 HttpPost hp = new HttpPost(url); MultipartEntity multiEntity = new MultipartEntity(); try { // type=0是本地路径,否则是网络路径 if (type == 0) { for (String key : fileMap.keySet()) { multiEntity.addPart(key, new FileBody(new File(fileMap.get(key)))); } } else { for (String key : fileMap.keySet()) { multiEntity.addPart(key, new ByteArrayBody(getUrlFileBytes(fileMap.get(key)), key)); } } // 加入相关参数 默认编码为utf-8 for (String key : stringMap.keySet()) { multiEntity.addPart(key, new StringBody(stringMap.get(key), Charset.forName(CHARSET_ENCODING))); } hp.setEntity(multiEntity); responseStr = httpclient.execute(hp, responseHandler); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return responseStr; } /** * 将相关文件和参数提交到相关服务器 * * @param url * @param fileMap * @param StringMap * @return */ public static String postFile(String url, Map<String, String> fileMap, Map<String, String> stringMap) { return httpFileRequest(url, fileMap, stringMap, 0, null); } /** * 将相关文件和参数提交到相关服务器 * * @param url * @param fileMap * @param StringMap * @return */ public static String postUrlFile(String url, Map<String, String> urlMap, Map<String, String> stringMap) { return httpFileRequest(url, urlMap, stringMap, 1, null); } /** * 获取网络文件的字节数组 * * @param url * @return * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws IOException */ public static byte[] getUrlFileBytes(String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { byte[] bytes = null; // 创建HttpClient实例 CloseableHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(CHARSET_ENCODING); // 获取url里面的信息 HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(url); HttpResponse hr = httpclient.execute(hg); bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(hr.getEntity()); // 转换内容为字节 return bytes; } /** * 获取图片的字节数组 * * @createTime 2011-11-24 * @param url * @return * @throws IOException * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws IOException */ public static byte[] getImg(String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException { byte[] bytes = null; // 创建HttpClient实例 DefaultHttpClient httpclient = getDefaultHttpClient(CHARSET_ENCODING); // 获取url里面的信息 HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(url); HttpResponse hr = httpclient.execute(hg); bytes = EntityUtils.toByteArray(hr.getEntity()); // 转换内容为字节 return bytes; } /** * @Description 请求微吼接口 * @author 张洋 * @date 2017年8月12日 上午11:19:44 * @param method * 方法名 样式:{资源名}/{函数名} * @param params 条件参数 * @return */ public static JSONObject getVhallUrlByPost(String method, Map<String,String> param) { List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); //封装请求参数 for (Entry<String, String> entry : param.entrySet()) { params.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue())); } // 访问接口地址 Object[] parameter = new Object[4]; parameter[0] = method; String url = MessageFormat.format("http://e.vhall.com/api/vhallapi/v2/{0}", parameter); // String url = MessageFormat.format("http:loaclhost/{0}", parameter); // 参数 // List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); // 添加公共参数 params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("auth_type", "1")); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "v19462836")); params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "12345678")); String str = HttpClientUtilMy.post(url, params); JSONObject jsonData = JSONObject.fromObject(str); System.out.println("code:" + jsonData.get("code")); System.out.println("info:" + jsonData.get("msg")); System.out.println(jsonData.toString()); return jsonData; } }
标签:methods ret eve check 处理 http协议 algo http代理 ide
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/zy-jiayou/p/7368318.html