C#异步编程

class ApmExceptionHandling 
{
   public static void Go() 
  {
      WebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create("http://0.0.0.0/");
      webRequest.BeginGetResponse(ProcessWebResponse, webRequest);
      Console.ReadLine();
   }
   private static void ProcessWebResponse(IAsyncResult result) {
      WebRequest webRequest = (WebRequest)result.AsyncState;

      WebResponse webResponse = null;
      try {
         webResponse = webRequest.EndGetResponse(result);
         Console.WriteLine("Content length: " + webResponse.ContentLength);
      }
      catch (WebException we) {
         Console.WriteLine(we.GetType() + ": " + we.Message);
      }
      finally {
         if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Close();
      }
   }
}

Public class SendOrPostUI {
   public static void Go() {
      System.Windows.Forms.Application.Run(new MyWindowsForm());
   }
   private static AsyncCallback SyncContextCallback(AsyncCallback callback) {
      // Capture the calling thread‘s SynchronizationContext-derived object
      SynchronizationContext sc = SynchronizationContext.Current;
      // If there is no SC, just return what was passed in
      if (sc == null) return callback;
      // Return a delegate that, when invoked, posts to the captured SC a method that 
      // calls the original AsyncCallback passing it the IAsyncResult argument
      return asyncResult => sc.Post(result => callback((IAsyncResult)result), asyncResult);
   }
   private sealed class MyWindowsForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
      public MyWindowsForm() {
         Text = "Click in the window to start a Web request";
         Width = 400; Height = 100;
      }
      protected override void OnMouseClick(System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e) {
         // The GUI thread initiates the asynchronous Web request 
         Text = "Web request initiated";
         var webRequest = WebRequest.Create("http://Wintellect.com/");
         webRequest.BeginGetResponse(SyncContextCallback(ProcessWebResponse), webRequest);
         base.OnMouseClick(e);
      }
      private void ProcessWebResponse(IAsyncResult result) {
         // If we get here, this must be the GUI thread, it‘s OK to update the UI
         var webRequest = (WebRequest)result.AsyncState;
         using (var webResponse = webRequest.EndGetResponse(result)) {
            Text = "Content length: " + webResponse.ContentLength;
         }
      }
   }
}

private sealed class MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
    protected override void OnClick(EventArgs e) {
      // The System.Net.WebClient class supports the Event-based Asynchronous Pattern
      WebClient wc = new WebClient();
      // When a string completes downloading, the WebClient object raises the 
      // DownloadStringCompleted event which will invoke our ProcessString method         
      wc.DownloadStringCompleted += ProcessString;
      // Start the asynchronous operation (this is like calling a BeginXxx method)
      wc.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://Wintellect.com"));
      base.OnClick(e);
    }
    // This method is guaranteed to be called via the GUI thread
    private void ProcessString(Object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e) {
      // If an error occurred, display it; else display the downloaded string
      System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show((e.Error != null) ? e.Error.Message : e.Result);
      }
   }

private static void ConvertingApmToTask() {
      // Instead of this:
      WebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create("http://Wintellect.com/");
      webRequest.BeginGetResponse(result => {
         WebResponse webResponse = null;
         try {
            webResponse = webRequest.EndGetResponse(result);
            Console.WriteLine("Content length: " + webResponse.ContentLength);
         }
         catch (WebException we) {
            Console.WriteLine("Failed: " + we.GetBaseException().Message);
         }
         finally {
            if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Close();
         }
      }, null);
      Console.ReadLine();  // for testing purposes
      // Make a Task from an async operation that FromAsync starts
      webRequest = WebRequest.Create("http://Wintellect.com/");
      var t1 = Task.Factory.FromAsync<WebResponse>(webRequest.BeginGetResponse, webRequest.EndGetResponse, null, TaskCreationOptions.None);
      var t2 = t1.ContinueWith(task => {
         WebResponse webResponse = null;
         try {
            webResponse = task.Result;
            Console.WriteLine("Content length: " + webResponse.ContentLength);
         }
         catch (AggregateException ae) {
            if (ae.GetBaseException() is WebException)
               Console.WriteLine("Failed: " + ae.GetBaseException().Message);
            else throw;
         }
         finally { if (webResponse != null) webResponse.Close(); }
      });
      try {t2.Wait();  // for testing purposes only}
      catch (AggregateException) { }
   }

private sealed class MyFormTask : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
      protected override void OnClick(EventArgs e) {
         // The System.Net.WebClient class supports the Event-based Asynchronous Pattern
         WebClient wc = new WebClient();
         // Create the TaskCompletionSource and its underlying Task object
         var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<String>();
         // When a string completes downloading, the WebClient object raises the 
         // DownloadStringCompleted event which will invoke our ProcessString method
         wc.DownloadStringCompleted += (sender, ea) => {
            // This code always executes on the GUI thread; set the Task’s state
            if (ea.Cancelled) tcs.SetCanceled();
            else if (ea.Error != null) tcs.SetException(ea.Error);
            else tcs.SetResult(ea.Result);
         };
         // Have the Task continue with this Task that shows the result in a message box
// NOTE: The TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously flag is required to have this code
         // run on the GUI thread; without the flag, the code runs on a thread pool thread 
         tcs.Task.ContinueWith(t => {
            try { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(t.Result);}
            catch (AggregateException ae) {
               System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(ae.GetBaseException().Message);
            }
         }, TaskContinuationOptions.ExecuteSynchronously);
         // Start the asynchronous operation (this is like calling a BeginXxx method)
         wc.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://Wintellect.com"));
         base.OnClick(e);
      }
   }

private sealed class MyForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
        public MyForm() {
            Text = "Synchronization Context Task Scheduler Demo";
            Visible = true; Width = 400; Height = 100;
        }
         private static Int32 Sum(CancellationToken ct, Int32 n) {
        Int32 sum = 0;
        for (; n > 0; n--) {
            // The following line throws OperationCanceledException when Cancel 
            // is called on the CancellationTokenSource referred to by the token
            ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
            //Thread.Sleep(0);   // Simulate taking a long time
            checked { sum += n; }
        }
        return sum;
       }
        private readonly TaskScheduler m_syncContextTaskScheduler =
           TaskScheduler.FromCurrentSynchronizationContext();
        private CancellationTokenSource m_cts;
        protected override void OnMouseClick(System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs e) {
            if (m_cts != null) {    // An operation is in flight, cancel it
                m_cts.Cancel();
                m_cts = null;
            } else {                // An operation is not in flight, start it
                Text = "Operation running";
                m_cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
           // This task uses the default task scheduler and executes on a thread pool thread
                var t = new Task<Int32>(() => Sum(m_cts.Token, 20000), m_cts.Token);
                t.Start();
 // These tasks use the synchronization context task scheduler and execute on the GUI thread
                t.ContinueWith(task => Text = "Result: " + task.Result,
                   CancellationToken.None, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion,
                   m_syncContextTaskScheduler);
                t.ContinueWith(task => Text = "Operation canceled",
                   CancellationToken.None, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnCanceled,
                   m_syncContextTaskScheduler);
                t.ContinueWith(task => Text = "Operation faulted",
                   CancellationToken.None, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted,
                   m_syncContextTaskScheduler);
            }
            base.OnMouseClick(e);
        }
}