某天工作时间，一个二货犯晕登错生产当测试环境了，直接drop了一个数据库,需要紧急恢复!可利用备份的数据文件以及增量的 binlog 文件进行数据恢复。
具体思路归纳几点：
1、恢复条件为 MySQL 要开启 binlog 日志功能，并且要全备和增量的所有数据。
2、恢复时建议对外停止更新，即禁止更新数据库。（这点很重要）
3、先恢复全量，然后把全备时刻点以后的增量日志，按顺序恢复成 SQL 文件，
4、然后把文件中有问题的SQL语句删除(也可通过时间和位置点)，再恢复到数据库。
具体实例演示：
1、首先要确保MySQL开启了binlog日志功能，检查如下结果
mysql> show variables like ‘%log_bin%‘; +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_basename | /mysql_data/mysql-bin | | log_bin_index | /mysql_data/mysql-bin.index | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | log_bin_use_v1_row_events | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+-----------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2、查看当前测试表里面数据信息后面好做对比
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、现在进行全备份
mysqldump -u root -p -B -F -R -x student|gzip > /mysql_backup/student_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql.gz 参数说明： -B：指定数据库 -F：刷新日志 -R：备份存储过程等 -x：锁表
4、再次插入新数据
INSERT INTO Student VALUES (‘200215137‘,‘程程‘,‘女‘,30,‘IS‘); INSERT INTO Student VALUES (‘200215138‘,‘琪琪‘,‘男‘,29,‘MA‘); INSERT INTO Student VALUES (‘200215139‘,‘龙龙‘,‘男‘,27,‘IS‘);
5、检查是否插入成功，如下可以看出已经插入成功
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | | 200215137 | 程程 | 女 | 30 | IS | | 200215138 | 琪琪 | 男 | 29 | MA | | 200215139 | 龙龙 | 男 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 18 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6.此时误操作，删除了student数据库
mysql> drop database student; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7.查看全备之后备份文件
[root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# cd /mysql_backup [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# gzip -d student_20170829_090319.sql.gz [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# ls student_20170829_090319.sql [root@ocbsdb01 mysql_backup]# vim student_20170829_090319.sql
8.检查并移动binlog文件，并导出为 SQL 文件剔除其中的 drop 语句，查看 MySQL 的数据存放目录，
由下面可知是在/mysql_data下，将 binlog 文件导出SQL文件，并vim编辑它删除其中的 drop 语句。
/home/mysql/mysql5/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaults /tmp/mysql-bin.000004 > /tmp/04.sql
注意：在恢复全备数据之前必须将该 binlog文件移出，否则恢复过程中，会继续写入语句到 binlog，最终导致增量恢复数据部分变得比较混乱。
在转换sql的时候可能会报错，具体信息如下：
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# /home/mysql/mysql5/bin/mysqlbinlog /tmp/mysql-bin.000004 > /tmp/04.sql
mysqlbinlog: [ERROR] unknown variable ‘default-character-set=utf8‘
原因是mysqlbinlog这个工具无法识别binlog中的配置中的default-character-set=utf8这个指令。
两个方法可以解决这个问题
在MySQL的配置/etc/my.cnf中将default-character-set=utf8 修改为 character-set-server = utf8，但是这需要重启MySQL服务，如果你的MySQL服务正在忙，那这样的代价会比较大。
用mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000004 命令打开
9、开始恢复全备数据
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# mysql -u root -p < /mysql_backup/student_20170829_090319.sql Enter password:
查看数据看看，student在不在,可以看到已经在了
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | student | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
11、开始恢复增量数据
使用04.sql文件恢复全备时刻到删除数据库之间新增的数据，编辑04bin.sql #删除里面的drop语句
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# vim 04.sql
将drop 操作下面的内容删除 drop database student /*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘AUTOMATIC‘ /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
不然会报如下错误：
ERROR 1790 (HY000) at line 96: @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT cannot be changed by a client that owns a GTID.
The client owns ANONYMOUS. Ownership is released on COMMIT or ROLLBACK.
我的binlog文件具体内容如下：
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #170829 9:03:22 server id 201609 end_log_pos 123 CRC32 0x669b3a18 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.7.18-log created 170829 9:03:22 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ‘ Wr2kWQ+JEwMAdwAAAHsAAAABAAQANS43LjE4LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAXwAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA ARg6m2Y= ‘/*!*/; # at 123 #170829 9:03:22 server id 201609 end_log_pos 154 CRC32 0xf909764e Previous-GTIDs # [empty] # at 154 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 219 CRC32 0x754f68f2 Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=0sequence_number=1 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 219 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 294 CRC32 0xdef39415 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=7/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=1344274432/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 294 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 359 CRC32 0xad757652 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 359 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 421 CRC32 0x5da9edf3 Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ‘ qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAAGcBAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HlJ2da0= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAKUBAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM3Bueoi+eoiwPlpbMeAAJJ U/PtqV0= ‘/*!*/; # at 421 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 452 CRC32 0xfcd87186 Xid = 168 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 452 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 517 CRC32 0xe47a26ba Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=1sequence_number=2 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 517 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 592 CRC32 0x0d3e44d1 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 592 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 657 CRC32 0x98d94728 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 657 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 719 CRC32 0x32c7750e Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ‘ qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAAJECAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HihH2Zg= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAM8CAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM4BueQqueQqgPnlLcdAAJN QQ51xzI= ‘/*!*/; # at 719 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 750 CRC32 0x92ebbf95 Xid = 169 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 750 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 815 CRC32 0xfe05a22e Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=2sequence_number=3 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 815 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 890 CRC32 0x551c26a4 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968682/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 890 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 955 CRC32 0x67c477d0 Table_map: `student`.`Student` mapped to number 225 # at 955 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1017 CRC32 0x5d3f2503 Write_rows: table id 225 flags: STMT_END_F BINLOG ‘ qr2kWROJEwMAQQAAALsDAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAB3N0dWRlbnQAB1N0dWRlbnQABf7+/gL+CP4h/jz+ Bv48HtB3xGc= qr2kWR6JEwMAPgAAAPkDAAAAAOEAAAAAAAEAAgAF/+AJMjAwMjE1MTM5Bum+mem+mQPnlLcbAAJJ UwMlP10= ‘/*!*/; # at 1017 #170829 9:04:42 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1048 CRC32 0x2d5f70ba Xid = 170 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 1048 #170829 9:06:30 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1113 CRC32 0xb8cdf9b6 Anonymous_GTIDlast_committed=3sequence_number=4 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 1113 #170829 9:06:30 server id 201609 end_log_pos 1214 CRC32 0x69d17a84 Querythread_id=7exec_time=0error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1503968790/*!*/; drop database student /*!*/; SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘AUTOMATIC‘ /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
调整好后开始恢复增量数据
[root@ocbsdb01 tmp]# mysql -u root -p < 04.sql
Enter password:
再次查看数据库，发现全备份到删除数据库之间的那三条数据也恢复了!!
mysql> select * from Student; +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | Sno | Sname | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ | 200215121 | 李勇 | 男 | 20 | CS | | 200215122 | 刘晨 | 女 | 19 | CS | | 200215123 | 王敏 | 女 | 18 | MA | | 200215125 | 张立 | 女 | 19 | IS | | 200215126 | 虎威 | 男 | 25 | CS | | 200215127 | 魏大师 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215128 | 老谢 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215129 | 小贾 | 男 | 30 | CS | | 200215130 | 会民 | 男 | 23 | CS | | 200215131 | 陈兴 | 男 | 33 | MA | | 200215132 | 阿帆 | 男 | 36 | IS | | 200215133 | 国良 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215134 | 老宋 | 男 | 40 | IS | | 200215135 | 光光 | 男 | 35 | IS | | 200215136 | 王老板 | 女 | 27 | IS | | 200215137 | 程程 | 女 | 30 | IS | | 200215138 | 琪琪 | 男 | 29 | MA | | 200215139 | 龙龙 | 男 | 27 | IS | +-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+ 18 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上就是MySQL 数据库增量数据恢复的实例过程!如有不足还请指正
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原文地址：http://laobaiv1.blog.51cto.com/2893832/1960846
