标签：mysql
MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后，在A上写数据，另外一台B也会跟着写数据，两者数据实时同步的。它基于binlog，主设备上须开启binlog才能进行主从。
主从过程大致有3个步骤：
1）主设备将更改操作记录到binlog里；
2）从将主设备的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里；
3）从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行。
主设备上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog。从设备上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地。
准备工作
1、准备两台装有mysql的服务器，并启动mysql服务。
2、分配角色，确定设备主从。
配置主设备
1、编辑配置文件
[root@plinuxos ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=88 log_bin=bin01
2、重启mysql
[root@plinuxos ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.... SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
3、检查log_bin
[root@plinuxos ~]# ls /data/mysql/bin01.* /data/mysql/bin01.000001 /data/mysql/bin01.index
4、创建数据库
[root@plinuxos mysql]# cd /data/mysql [root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -e ‘create database db01‘
5、增加测试数据
[root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog >/tmp/zrlog.sql [root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/zrlog.sql
6、备份所有数据库
[root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot db01 > /tmp/db01.sql [root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql
7、创建用户
[root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 414 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@‘122.112.197.192‘ identified by ‘123456‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
8、锁表并查看状态
mysql> flush tables with read lock; ##锁表，防止写入 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; ##下方两个参数需要在从设备上配置 +--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | bin01.000001 | 10472 | | | | +--------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
配置从设备
1、编辑配置文件
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id=192
2、重启mysql
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
3、复制主设备数据库备份文件
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# scp 122.112.253.88:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/ The authenticity of host ‘122.112.253.88 (122.112.253.88)‘ can‘t be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 2e:6e:90:32:87:05:9e:63:63:d6:2d:44:a5:5f:be:51. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added ‘122.112.253.88‘ (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@122.112.253.88‘s password: db01.sql 100% 9877 9.7KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql 100% 9878 9.7KB/s 00:00
4、创建对应数据库
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database db01; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) [root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot db01 </tmp/db01.sql [root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot zrlog </tmp/zrlog.sql
5、配置主备同步
[root@ecs-89c1 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.35 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to master_host=‘122.112.253.88‘,master_user=‘repl‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘bin01.000001‘,master_log_pos=10472; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
6、查看主从状态
mysql> show slave status\G; ##如果出现错误，可能是云主机策略没放过3306端口 *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 122.112.253.88 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: bin01.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 10708 Relay_Log_File: ecs-89c1-relay-bin.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 515 Relay_Master_Log_File: bin01.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 10708 Relay_Log_Space: 691 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 88 Master_UUID: 79b66469-8cc8-11e7-ae36-fa163eb51d35 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ERROR: No query specified
7、主设备解锁
[root@plinuxos mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 875 Server version: 5.6.35-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
测试主从同步
1、在主设备上删除db01数据库的表；
mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_db01 | +----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | +----------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table tag; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2、在从设备查看对应的表也已经不存在了。
mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_db01 | +----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | type | | user | +----------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
扩展学习
▎配置参数
1. 主服务器上：
binlog-do-db= //仅同步指定的库(其他库不同步)
binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定库(其他库都同步)
2. 从服务器上：
replicate_do_db= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_db= //(不常用)
replicate_do_table= //(不常用)
replicate_ignore_table= //(不常用)
replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, (支持通配符%)
replicate_wild_ignore_table=
本文出自 “Gorilla City” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://juispan.blog.51cto.com/943137/1961233
标签：mysql
原文地址：http://juispan.blog.51cto.com/943137/1961233
