1.解压tar包
cd /software
tar -xzvf mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.6.21-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql-5.6.21

2.添加用户与组
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql-5.6.21

3.安装数据库
su mysql
cd mysql-5.6.21/scripts
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql-5.6.21 --datadir=/software/mysql-5.6.21/data

4.配置文件
cd /software/mysql-5.6.21/support-files
cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
vim /etc/init.d/mysql   #若mysql的安装目录是/usr/local/mysql,则可省略此步
修改文件中的两个变更值
basedir=/software/mysql-5.6.21
datadir=/software/mysql-5.6.21/data

5.配置环境变量
vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL_HOME="/software/mysql-5.6.21"
export PATH="$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin"
source /etc/profile

6.添加自启动服务
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on

7.启动mysql
service mysql start

8.登录mysql及改密码与配置远程访问
mysqladmin -u root password ‘your_password‘     #修改root用户密码
mysql -u root -p     #登录mysql,需要输入密码
mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘your_password‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;     #允许root用户远程访问
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;     #刷新权限

源码安装mysql

1. 解压
tar zxvf  mariadb-5.5.31-linux-x86_64.tar.gz   
mv mariadb-5.5.31-linux-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql //必需这样，很多脚本或可执行程序都会直接访问这个目录

2. 权限
groupadd mysql             //增加 mysql 属组 
useradd -g mysql mysql     //增加 mysql 用户 并归于mysql 属组 
chown mysql:mysql -Rf  /usr/local/mysql    // 设置 mysql 目录的用户及用户组归属。 
chmod +x -Rf /usr/local/mysql    //赐予可执行权限 

3. 拷贝配置文件
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf     //复制默认mysql配置 文件到/etc目录 

4. 初始化
/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql          //初始化数据库 
cp  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server    /etc/init.d/mysql    //复制mysql服务程序 到系统目录 
chkconfig  mysql on     //添加mysql 至系统服务并设置为开机启动 
service  mysql  start  //启动mysql

5. 环境变量配置
vim /etc/profile   //编辑profile,将mysql的可执行路径加入系统PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH 
source /etc/profile  //使PATH生效。

6. 账号密码
mysqladmin -u root password ‘yourpassword‘ //设定root账号及密码
mysql -u root -p  //使用root用户登录mysql
use mysql  //切换至mysql数据库。
select user,host,password from user; //查看系统权限
drop user ‘‘@‘localhost‘; //删除不安全的账户
drop user root@‘::1‘;
drop user root@127.0.0.1;
select user,host,password from user; //再次查看系统权限，确保不安全的账户均被删除。
flush privileges;  //刷新权限

7. 一些必要的初始配置
1）修改字符集为UTF8
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下面添加 default-character-set = utf8
在[mysqld]下面添加 character_set_server = utf8
2）增加错误日志
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下面添加：
log-error = /usr/local/mysql/log/error.log
general-log-file = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql.log
3) 设置为不区分大小写，linux下默认会区分大小写。
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下面添加：
lower_case_table_name=1

修改完重启：#service  mysql  restart

源码安装mariadb

#创建用户
create user ‘egon‘@‘1.1.1.1‘ identified by ‘123‘;
create user ‘egon‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ identified by ‘123‘;
create user ‘egon‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;


#授权：对文件夹，对文件，对文件某一字段的权限
查看帮助：help grant
常用权限有：select,update,alter,delete
all可以代表除了grant之外的所有权限

#针对所有库的授权:*.*
grant select on *.* to ‘egon1‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123‘; #只在user表中可以查到egon1用户的select权限被设置为Y

#针对某一数据库：db1.*
grant select on db1.* to ‘egon2‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘; #只在db表中可以查到egon2用户的select权限被设置为Y

#针对某一个表：db1.t1
grant select on db1.t1 to ‘egon3‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘123‘;  #只在tables_priv表中可以查到egon3用户的select权限

#针对某一个字段：
mysql> select * from t3;
+------+-------+------+
| id   | name  | age  |
+------+-------+------+
|    1 | egon1 |   18 |
|    2 | egon2 |   19 |
|    3 | egon3 |   29 |
+------+-------+------+

grant select (id,name),update (age) on db1.t3 to ‘egon4‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123‘; 
#可以在tables_priv和columns_priv中看到相应的权限
mysql> select * from tables_priv where user=‘egon4‘\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Host: localhost
         Db: db1
       User: egon4
 Table_name: t3
    Grantor: root@localhost
  Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
 Table_priv:
Column_priv: Select,Update
row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from columns_priv where user=‘egon4‘\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       Host: localhost
         Db: db1
       User: egon4
 Table_name: t3
Column_name: id
  Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
Column_priv: Select
*************************** 2. row ***************************
       Host: localhost
         Db: db1
       User: egon4
 Table_name: t3
Column_name: name
  Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
Column_priv: Select
*************************** 3. row ***************************
       Host: localhost
         Db: db1
       User: egon4
 Table_name: t3
Column_name: age
  Timestamp: 0000-00-00 00:00:00
Column_priv: Update
rows in set (0.00 sec)

#删除权限
revoke select on db1.* to ‘alex‘@‘%‘;

权限相关操作

#1 操作文件夹（库）
    增
        create database db1 charset utf8;

    查
        show databases;
        show create database db1;
    改
        alter database db1 charset gbk;
    删
        drop database db1;

#2 操作文件（表）
    切换到文件夹下：use db1

    增
        create table t1(id int,name char(10))engine=innodb;
        create table t2(id int,name char(10))engine=innodb default charset utf8;
    查
        show tables;
        show create table t1;

        desc t1;#查看表结构
    改
        alter table t1 add age int;
        alter table t1 modify name char(12);

    删
        drop table t1;

#3 操作文件的一行行内容（记录）
    增
        insert into db1.t1 values(1,‘egon1‘),(2,‘egon2‘),(3,‘egon3‘);
        insert into db1.t1(name) values(‘egon1‘),(‘egon2‘),(‘egon3‘);
        
insert into stu values
(1,‘richer‘,‘男‘,18,‘python‘,‘pythons6‘);
    查
        select * from t1;
        select name from t1;
        select name,id from t1;
    改
        update t1 set name=‘SB‘ where id=4;
        update t1 set name=‘SB‘ where name=‘alex‘;
    删
        delete from t1 where id=4;


        #对于清空表记录有两种方式，但是推荐后者
        delete from t1;
        truncate t1; #当数据量比较大的情况下，使用这种方式，删除速度快



    #自增id
    create table t5(id int primary key auto_increment,name char(10));
    create table t4(id int not null unique,name char(10));

insert into t5(name) values
(‘egon5‘),
(‘egon6‘),
(‘egon7‘),
(‘egon8‘),
(‘egon9‘),
(‘egon10‘),
(‘egon11‘),
(‘egon12‘),
(‘egon13‘);

#拷贝表结构
create table t7 select * from t5 where 1=2;
alter table t7 modify id int primary key auto_increment;

insert into t7(name) values
(‘egon1‘),
(‘egon2‘),
(‘egon3‘),
(‘egon4‘),
(‘egon5‘),
(‘egon6‘),
(‘egon7‘),
(‘egon8‘),
(‘egon9‘),
(‘egon10‘),
(‘egon11‘),
(‘egon12‘),
(‘egon13‘);


delete from t7 where  id=1; #删记录
update t7 set name=‘‘; #修改字段对应的值