串口通信（Serial Communications）的概念非常简单，串口按位（bit）发送和接收字节。尽管比按字节（byte）的并行通信慢，但是串口可以在使用一根线发送数据的同时用另一根线接收数据。它很简单并且能够实现远距离通信。由于串口通信是异步的，端口能够在一根线上发送数据同时在另一根线上接收数据。其他线用于握手，但不是必须的。串口通信最重要的参数是波特率、数据位、停止位和奇偶校验。对于两个进行通信的端口，这些参数必须匹配。
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using System;
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using System.IO.Ports;
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using System.Text;
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namespace PortControlDemo
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{
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public class PortControlHelper
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{
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#region 字段/属性/委托
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/// <summary>
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/// 串行端口对象
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/// </summary>
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private SerialPort sp;
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/// <summary>
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/// 串口接收数据委托
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/// </summary>
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public delegate void ComReceiveDataHandler(string data);
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public ComReceiveDataHandler OnComReceiveDataHandler = null;
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/// <summary>
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/// 端口名称数组
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/// </summary>
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public string[] PortNameArr { get; set; }
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/// <summary>
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/// 串口通信开启状态
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/// </summary>
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public bool PortState { get; set; } = false;
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/// <summary>
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/// 编码类型
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/// </summary>
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public Encoding EncodingType { get; set; } = Encoding.ASCII;
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#endregion
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#region 方法
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public PortControlHelper()
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{
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PortNameArr = SerialPort.GetPortNames();
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sp = new SerialPort();
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sp.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(DataReceived);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 打开端口
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="portName">端口名称</param>
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/// <param name="boudRate">波特率</param>
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/// <param name="dataBit">数据位</param>
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/// <param name="stopBit">停止位</param>
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/// <param name="timeout">超时时间</param>
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public void OpenPort(string portName , int boudRate = 115200, int dataBit = 8, int stopBit = 1, int timeout = 5000)
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{
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try
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{
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sp.PortName = portName;
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sp.BaudRate = boudRate;
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sp.DataBits = dataBit;
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sp.StopBits = (StopBits)stopBit;
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sp.ReadTimeout = timeout;
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sp.Open();
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PortState = true;
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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throw e;
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 关闭端口
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/// </summary>
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public void ClosePort()
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{
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try
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{
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sp.Close();
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PortState = false;
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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throw e;
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 发送数据
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="sendData"></param>
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public void SendData(string sendData)
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{
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try
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{
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sp.Encoding = EncodingType;
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sp.Write(sendData);
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}
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catch (Exception e)
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{
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throw e;
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 接收数据回调用
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="sender"></param>
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/// <param name="e"></param>
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private void DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
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{
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byte[] buffer = new byte[sp.BytesToRead];
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sp.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
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string str = EncodingType.GetString(buffer);
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if (OnComReceiveDataHandler != null)
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{
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OnComReceiveDataHandler(str);
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}
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}
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#endregion
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}
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}
本界面主要功能是操作两个串口，一个发送数据另一个接收数据。左侧设置两串口的一些参数，设置完成后点击"打开发送接收串口"，如两串口成功打开，右侧便可操作发送和接受数据。
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using System;
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using System.Windows.Forms;
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namespace PortControlDemo
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{
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public partial class FrmPortControl : Form
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{
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#region 字段/属性
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int[] BaudRateArr = new int[] { 110, 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 115200 };
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int[] DataBitArr = new int[] { 6, 7, 8 };
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int[] StopBitArr = new int[] { 1, 2, 3};
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int[] TimeoutArr = new int[] { 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000 };
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object[] CheckBitArr = new object[] { "None"};
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private bool ReceiveState = false;
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private PortControlHelper pchSend;
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private PortControlHelper pchReceive;
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#endregion
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#region 方法
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/// <summary>
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/// 初始化控件
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/// </summary>
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private void InitView()
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{
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cb_portNameSend.DataSource = pchSend.PortNameArr;
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cb_portNameReceive.DataSource = pchReceive.PortNameArr;
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cb_baudRate.DataSource = BaudRateArr;
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cb_dataBit.DataSource = DataBitArr;
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cb_stopBit.DataSource = StopBitArr;
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cb_checkBit.DataSource = CheckBitArr;
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cb_timeout.DataSource = TimeoutArr;
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FreshBtnState(pchSend.PortState && pchReceive.PortState);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 刷新按钮状态
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="state"></param>
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private void FreshBtnState(bool state)
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{
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if (state)
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{
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Btn_open.Text = "关闭发送接收串口";
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Btn_send.Enabled = true;
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Btn_receive.Enabled = true;
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}
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else
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{
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Btn_open.Text = "打开发送接收串口";
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Btn_send.Enabled = false;
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Btn_receive.Enabled = false;
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}
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}
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#endregion
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#region 事件
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public FrmPortControl()
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{
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InitializeComponent();
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pchSend = new PortControlHelper();
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pchReceive = new PortControlHelper();
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InitView();
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 点击 发送数据 按钮，发送文本内数据
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="sender"></param>
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/// <param name="e"></param>
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private void Btn_send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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pchSend.SendData(tb_send.Text);
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 点击 开始接收 按钮，开始监听串口接收入口数据
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="sender"></param>
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/// <param name="e"></param>
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private void Btn_receive_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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if (ReceiveState)
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{
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pchReceive.OnComReceiveDataHandler -= new PortControlHelper.ComReceiveDataHandler(ComReceiveData);
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Btn_receive.Text = "开始接收";
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ReceiveState = false;
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}
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else
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{
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pchReceive.OnComReceiveDataHandler += new PortControlHelper.ComReceiveDataHandler(ComReceiveData);
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Btn_receive.Text = "停止接收";
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ReceiveState = true;
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}
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 开启或关闭 两个通信的串口，刷新按钮状态
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="sender"></param>
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/// <param name="e"></param>
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private void Btn_open_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
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{
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if (pchSend.PortState)
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{
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pchSend.ClosePort();
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pchReceive.ClosePort();
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}
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else
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{
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pchSend.OpenPort(cb_portNameSend.Text, int.Parse(cb_baudRate.Text),
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int.Parse(cb_dataBit.Text), int.Parse(cb_stopBit.Text),
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int.Parse(cb_timeout.Text));
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pchReceive.OpenPort(cb_portNameReceive.Text, int.Parse(cb_baudRate.Text),
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int.Parse(cb_dataBit.Text), int.Parse(cb_stopBit.Text),
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int.Parse(cb_timeout.Text));
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}
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FreshBtnState(pchSend.PortState && pchReceive.PortState);
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pchReceive.OnComReceiveDataHandler += new PortControlHelper.ComReceiveDataHandler(ComReceiveData);
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Btn_receive.Text = "停止接收";
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ReceiveState = true;
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}
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/// <summary>
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/// 接收到的数据，写入文本框内
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/// </summary>
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/// <param name="data"></param>
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private void ComReceiveData(string data)
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{
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this.Invoke(new EventHandler(delegate
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{
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tb_receive.AppendText($"接收：{data}\n");
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}));
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}
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#endregion
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}
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}
