python复习-单例模式

#单例模式,比如数据库对象,实例化时参数都一样,就没必要重复产生对象,浪费内存
class Mysql:
    __instance=None
    def __init__(self,host=‘127.0.0.1‘,port=‘3306‘):
        self.host=host
        self.port=port

    @classmethod
    def singleton(cls,*args,**kwargs):
        if not cls.__instance:
            cls.__instance=cls(*args,**kwargs)
        return cls.__instance


obj1=Mysql()
obj2=Mysql()
print(obj1 is obj2) #False

obj3=Mysql.singleton()
obj4=Mysql.singleton()
print(obj3 is obj4) #True

#应用：定制元类实现单例模式
class Mymeta(type):
    def __init__(self,name,bases,dic): #定义类Mysql时就触发
        self.__instance=None
        super().__init__(name,bases,dic)

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): #Mysql(...)时触发

        if not self.__instance:
            self.__instance=object.__new__(self) #产生对象
            self.__init__(self.__instance,*args,**kwargs) #初始化对象
            #上述两步可以合成下面一步
            # self.__instance=super().__call__(*args,**kwargs)

        return self.__instance
class Mysql(metaclass=Mymeta):
    def __init__(self,host=‘127.0.0.1‘,port=‘3306‘):
        self.host=host
        self.port=port


obj1=Mysql()
obj2=Mysql()

print(obj1 is obj2)