oracle平面文件卸载

-- Flat File Unload

create or replace package unloader
  AUTHID CURRENT_USER
  as
      /* Function run -- unloads data from any query into a file
                     and creates a control file to reload that
                     data into another table

      p_query      = SQL query to "unload".  May be virtually any query.
      p_tname      = Table to load into.  Will be put into control file.
      p_mode       = REPLACE|APPEND|TRUNCATE -- how to reload the data
      p_dir        = directory we will write the ctl and dat file to.
      p_filename   = name of file to write to.  I will add .ctl and .dat
                     to this name
      p_separator  = field delimiter.  I default this to a comma.
      p_enclosure  = what each field will be wrapped in
      p_terminator = end of line character.  We use this so we can unload
                and reload data with newlines in it.  I default to
               "|\n" (a pipe and a newline together) and "|\r\n" on NT.
                You need only to override this if you believe your
                data will have that default sequence of characters in it. 
                I ALWAYS add the OS "end of line" marker to this sequence, you should not
      */
      function run( p_query     in varchar2,
                    p_tname     in varchar2,
                    p_mode      in varchar2 default ‘REPLACE‘,
                    p_dir       in varchar2,
                    p_filename  in varchar2,
                    p_separator in varchar2 default ‘,‘,
                    p_enclosure in varchar2 default ‘"‘,
                    p_terminator in varchar2 default ‘|‘ )
      return number;
  end;
/

create or replace package body unloader
  as
  g_theCursor     integer default dbms_sql.open_cursor;
  g_descTbl       dbms_sql.desc_tab;
  g_nl            varchar2(2) default chr(10);

  function to_hex( p_str in varchar2 ) return varchar2
  is
  begin
      return to_char( ascii(p_str), ‘fm0x‘ );
  end;

  function is_windows return boolean
  is
          l_cfiles varchar2(4000);
          l_dummy  number;
  begin
   if (dbms_utility.get_parameter_value( ‘control_files‘, l_dummy, l_cfiles )>0)
   then
         return instr( l_cfiles, ‘\‘ ) > 0;
   else
         return FALSE;
   end if;
  end;

  procedure  dump_ctl( p_dir        in varchar2,
                       p_filename   in varchar2,
                       p_tname      in varchar2,
                       p_mode       in varchar2,
                       p_separator  in varchar2,
                       p_enclosure  in varchar2,
                       p_terminator in varchar2 )
  is
      l_output        utl_file.file_type;
      l_sep           varchar2(5);
      l_str           varchar2(5) := chr(10);
      
  begin
      if ( is_windows )
      then
          l_str := chr(13) || chr(10);
      end if;

      l_output := utl_file.fopen( p_dir, p_filename || ‘.ctl‘, ‘w‘ );

      utl_file.put_line( l_output, ‘load data‘ );
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, ‘infile ‘‘‘ ||
                                    p_filename || ‘.dat‘‘ "str x‘‘‘ ||
                                    utl_raw.cast_to_raw( p_terminator ||
                                    l_str ) || ‘‘‘"‘ );
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, ‘into table ‘ || p_tname );
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, p_mode );
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, ‘fields terminated by X‘‘‘ ||
                                    to_hex(p_separator) ||
                                   ‘‘‘ enclosed by X‘‘‘ ||
                                    to_hex(p_enclosure) || ‘‘‘ ‘ );
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, ‘(‘ );

      for i in 1 .. g_descTbl.count
      loop
          if ( g_descTbl(i).col_type = 12 )
          then
              utl_file.put( l_output, l_sep || g_descTbl(i).col_name ||
                                 ‘ date ‘‘ddmmyyyyhh24miss‘‘ ‘);
          else
              utl_file.put( l_output, l_sep || g_descTbl(i).col_name ||
                            ‘ char(‘ ||
                            to_char(g_descTbl(i).col_max_len*2) ||‘ )‘ );
          end if;
          l_sep := ‘,‘||g_nl ;
      end loop;
      utl_file.put_line( l_output, g_nl || ‘)‘ );
      utl_file.fclose( l_output );
  end;

  function quote(p_str in varchar2, p_enclosure in varchar2)
           return varchar2
  is
  begin
      return p_enclosure ||
             replace( p_str, p_enclosure, p_enclosure||p_enclosure ) ||
             p_enclosure;
  end;

  function run( p_query        in varchar2,
                p_tname     in varchar2,
                p_mode      in varchar2 default ‘REPLACE‘,
                p_dir       in varchar2,
                p_filename  in varchar2,
                p_separator in varchar2 default ‘,‘,
                p_enclosure in varchar2 default ‘"‘,
                p_terminator in varchar2 default ‘|‘ ) return number
  is
      l_output        utl_file.file_type;
      l_columnValue   varchar2(4000);
      l_colCnt        number default 0;
      l_separator     varchar2(10) default ‘‘;
      l_cnt           number default 0;
      l_line          long;
      l_datefmt       varchar2(255);
      l_descTbl       dbms_sql.desc_tab;
  begin
      select value
        into l_datefmt
        from nls_session_parameters
       where parameter = ‘NLS_DATE_FORMAT‘;

      /*
         Set the date format to a big numeric string. Avoids
         all NLS issues and saves both the time and date.
      */
      execute immediate
         ‘alter session set nls_date_format=‘‘ddmmyyyyhh24miss‘‘ ‘;

      /*
         Set up an exception block so that in the event of any
         error, we can at least reset the date format.
      */
      begin
      /*
             Parse and describe the query. We reset the
             descTbl to an empty table so .count on it
             will be reliable.
          */
          dbms_sql.parse( g_theCursor, p_query, dbms_sql.native );
          g_descTbl := l_descTbl;
          dbms_sql.describe_columns( g_theCursor, l_colCnt, g_descTbl );

          /*
             Create a control file to reload this data
             into the desired table.
          */
          dump_ctl( p_dir, p_filename, p_tname, p_mode, p_separator,
                           p_enclosure, p_terminator );

          /*
             Bind every single column to a varchar2(4000). We don‘t care
             if we are fetching a number or a date or whatever.
             Everything can be a string.
          */

          for i in 1 .. l_colCnt loop
             dbms_sql.define_column( g_theCursor, i, l_columnValue, 4000);
          end loop;

          /*
             Run the query - ignore the output of execute. It is only
             valid when the DML is an insert/update or delete.
          */
          l_cnt := dbms_sql.execute(g_theCursor);

          /*
             Open the file to write output to and then write the
             delimited data to it.
          */
          l_output := utl_file.fopen( p_dir, p_filename || ‘.dat‘, ‘w‘,
                                             32760 );
          loop
              exit when ( dbms_sql.fetch_rows(g_theCursor) <= 0 );
              l_separator := ‘‘;
              l_line := null;
              for i in 1 .. l_colCnt loop
                  dbms_sql.column_value( g_theCursor, i,
                                         l_columnValue );
                  l_line := l_line || l_separator ||
                             quote( l_columnValue, p_enclosure );
                  l_separator := p_separator;
              end loop;
              l_line := l_line || p_terminator;
              utl_file.put_line( l_output, l_line );
              l_cnt := l_cnt+1;
          end loop;
          utl_file.fclose( l_output );

          /*
             Now reset the date format and return the number of rows
             written to the output file.
          */
          execute immediate
             ‘alter session set nls_date_format=‘‘‘ || l_datefmt || ‘‘‘‘;
          return l_cnt;
  exception
          /*
             In the event of ANY error, reset the date format and
             re-raise the error.
          */
          when others then
             execute immediate
             ‘alter session set nls_date_format=‘‘‘ || l_datefmt || ‘‘‘‘;
             RAISE;
      end;
  end run;


  end unloader;
/

set serveroutput on
create or replace directory MY_DIR as ‘/home/oracle/backup‘;--创建目录
grant read,write on directory MY_DIR to public;--对所有用户赋上个目录的读写权限
-----drop directory MY_DIR;

运行下面代码将卸载scott下的emp表到MY_DIR下，分别生成ctl和dat文件

declare
      l_rows    number;
  begin
      l_rows := unloader.run
                ( p_query      => ‘select * from scott.emp order by empno‘,
                  p_tname      => ‘emp‘,
                  p_mode       => ‘replace‘,
                  p_dir        => ‘MY_DIR‘,
                  p_filename   => ‘emp‘,
                  p_separator  => ‘,‘,
                  p_enclosure  => ‘"‘,
                  p_terminator => ‘~‘ );

      dbms_output.put_line( to_char(l_rows) ||
                            ‘ rows extracted to ascii file‘ );
  end;
/