码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 数据库 > 详细

Oracle hint之ORDERED和USE_NL

时间:2017-10-10 13:19:58      阅读:185      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:ted   this   _id   acl   关联   art   use_nl   his   选择   

Hint:ORDERED和USE_NL

ORDERED好理解,就是表示根据 from 后面表的顺序join,从左到右,左边的表做驱动表
use_nl(t1,t2):表示对表t1、t2关联时采用嵌套循环连接,其并不能让优化器确定谁是驱动表或谁是被驱动的表
USE_NL(),先看看oracle doc怎么说:

In this statement, the USE_NL hint explicitly chooses a nested loops join with the customers table as the inner table:
SELECT /*+ ORDERED USE_NL(customers) to get first row faster */
accounts.balance, customers.last_name, customers.first_name
FROM accounts, customers
WHERE accounts.customer_id = customers.customer_id;

customers 作为inner table,也就是说作为被驱动表。驱动表称为outer table
如果指定的表是outer table(驱动表),则优化器会忽略这个hint
如果非要强制它作为inner table,可以配上ordered参数
oradered 表示根据from 后面表的顺序,从左到右join,左表做驱动表,3个或3个以上最有用
也就是说use_nl如果只带了一个表名作为参数,则该表为被驱动表
如果带了2个以上的参数,Oracle并没有指出use_nl(a,b)中哪个是驱动表,所以常使用ordered或者full()或者index()来强化我们的目标

以下是测试:

[sql]
hr@ORCL> select first_name,departments.department_id from employees,departments where employees.department_id=departments.department_id;

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 169719308

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 106 | 1484 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 106 | 1484 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMPLOYEES | 107 | 1070 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN| DEPT_ID_PK | 1 | 4 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

此处优化器选择employees作为驱动表,因为departments上有索引,而且索引正好建立在连接列上
[sql]
hr@ORCL> select /*+ use_nl(employees) */ first_name,departments.department_id from employees,departments where employees.department_id=departments.department_id;

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 169719308

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 106 | 1484 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 106 | 1484 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMPLOYEES | 107 | 1070 | 3 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 3 | INDEX UNIQUE SCAN| DEPT_ID_PK | 1 | 4 | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

由于employees是作为驱动表,优化器会忽略hint提示
[sql]
hr@ORCL> select /*+ ordered use_nl(employees) */ first_name,departments.department_id from departments,employees where employees.department_id=departments.department_id;

Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 2677871237

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 106 | 1484 | 8 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMPLOYEES | 4 | 40 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 106 | 1484 | 8 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | INDEX FULL SCAN | DEPT_ID_PK | 27 | 108 | 1 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 4 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | EMP_DEPARTMENT_IX | 10 | | 0 (0)| 00:00:01 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

现在是departments作为驱动表了.

Oracle hint之ORDERED和USE_NL

标签:ted   this   _id   acl   关联   art   use_nl   his   选择   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/zfox2017/p/7644554.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!