python常用模块

import time

print(time.time())
print(time.clock())#计算cpu执行时间
print(time.gmtime())#世界标准时间
print(time.strftime())  #Commonly used format codes:  设置时间第一个参数为设置时间格式
                            # %Y  Year with century as a decimal number.
                            # %m  Month as a decimal number [01,12].
                            # %d  Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
                            # %H  Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
                            # %M  Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
                            # %S  Second as a decimal number [00,61].
                            # %z  Time zone offset from UTC.
                            # %a  Locale‘s abbreviated weekday name.
                            # %A  Locale‘s full weekday name.
                            # %b  Locale‘s abbreviated month name.
                            # %B  Locale‘s full month name.
                            # %c  Locale‘s appropriate date and time representation.
                            # %I  Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
                            # %p  Locale‘s equivalent of either AM or PM.
print(time.strptime())#字符串时间转换为结构化时间 第一个参数为字符串第二个为时间格式
print(time.ctime())#当前时间格式固定 参数转化为标准时间从1970年开始算
print(time.mktime())#转换为时间戳

import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.now())#直接看时间

import os
os.getcwd()#获得工作目录
os.chdir()#更改当前脚本工作目录
os.curdir#当前路径
os.makedirs()#生成多层文件夹
os.removedirs()#删除多层文件夹有内容的文件夹不删除
os.mkdir()#生成文件夹只能创建一个文件夹
os.rmdir()#删除一个文件夹
os.listdir()#输出当前路径下的文件文件夹
os.remove()#删除一个文件
os.rename()#更改文件名
os.stat()#文件信息
os.sep()#输出操作系统指定的路径分隔符
os.linesep()#输出终止符(换行符
os.pathsep()#路径分隔符
os.system()#运行shell命令
os.environ#环境变量
os.path.abspath()#绝对路径
os.path.split()#对路径进行分割 路径 文件名
os.path.dirname()#上一个文件夹的名字
os.path.basename()#返回最后文件名

os.path.join()#路径拼接

import sys #与python解释器交互
# sys.argv()           #命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径
# sys.exit()        #退出程序，正常退出时exit(0)
print(sys.version)      #获取Python解释程序的版本信息
# sys.maxint()        #最大的Int值
# sys.path()           #返回模块的搜索路径，初始化时使用PYTHONPATH环境变量的值
# sys.platform()       #返回操作系统平台名称
#sys.path.append()#添加路径
sys.stdout.write(‘please:‘)#标准输出

import  hashlib#加密模块
import time
m=hashlib.md5()
print(m)
t_start=time.time()
m.update(‘hello world‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
time.sleep(2)
t_end=time.time()
print(t_end-t_start)
print(m.hexdigest())
s=hashlib.sha256()
s.update(‘hello world‘.encode(‘utf-8‘))
print(s.hexdigest())

import  configparser
config=configparser.ConfigParser()
# config[‘DEFAULT‘]={‘ServerAliveInterval‘:‘45‘,
#                    ‘Compression‘:‘yes‘,
#                    ‘CompressionLevel‘:‘9‘}
#
# config[‘bitbucket.org‘]={}
# config[‘bitbucket.org‘][‘User‘]=‘hg‘
# config[‘topsecret.server.com‘]={}
# topsecret=config[‘topsecret.server.com‘]
# topsecret[‘Host Port‘]=‘50022‘
# topsecret[‘ForwardX11‘]=‘no‘
# config[‘DEFAULT‘][‘ForwardX11‘]=‘yes‘
# with open(‘example.ini‘,‘w‘)as configfile:
#     config.write(configfile)
config.read(‘example.ini‘)
# print(config.sections())
# print(config.defaults())

# for key in config[‘bitbucket.org‘]:
#     print(key)
# config.remove_section(‘topsecret.server.com‘)


config.set(‘bitbucket.org‘,‘user‘,‘alex‘)
config.write(open(‘example.ini‘,‘w‘))

import json
dic={‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘age‘:‘18‘}
data=json.dumps(dic)#转换为json形式的仿字典
f=open(‘test‘,‘w‘)
f.write(data)
f.close()  #向文件写入1


dic={‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘age‘:‘18‘}
f=open(‘test‘,‘w‘)
import json
json.dump(dic,f)
f.close()#向文件写入2

import json

f=open(‘test‘,‘r‘)
# data=f.read()
# data=json.loads(data)#将json模式的仿字典转化为python形式的字典
data=json.load(f)
f.close()
print(data[‘name‘])  #从文件读取数据

import shelve
f=shelve.open(‘shelve_module‘)

# f[‘info‘]={‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘age‘:‘18‘}
data=f.get(‘info‘)
print(data)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)
 
#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
    print(child.tag, child.attrib)
    for i in child:
        print(i.tag,i.text)
 
#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    print(node.tag,node.text)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
tree = ET.parse("xmltest.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
 
#修改
for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
    new_year = int(node.text) + 1
    node.text = str(new_year)
    node.set("updated","yes")
 
tree.write("xmltest.xml")
 
 
#删除node
for country in root.findall(‘country‘):
   rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)
   if rank > 50:
     root.remove(country)
 
tree.write(‘output.xml‘)

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 
 
new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"yes"})
age = ET.SubElement(name,"age",attrib={"checked":"no"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name,"sex")
sex.text = ‘33‘
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,"name",attrib={"enrolled":"no"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2,"age")
age.text = ‘19‘
 
et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
et.write("test.xml", encoding="utf-8",xml_declaration=True)
 
ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

import subprocess
 
obj = subprocess.Popen(["python"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
obj.stdin.write(‘print 1 \n ‘)
obj.stdin.write(‘print 2 \n ‘)
obj.stdin.write(‘print 3 \n ‘)
obj.stdin.write(‘print 4 \n ‘)
 
out_error_list = obj.communicate(timeout=10)
print out_error_list

import subprocess
 
def mypass():
    mypass = ‘123‘ #or get the password from anywhere
    return mypass
 
echo = subprocess.Popen([‘echo‘,mypass()],
                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                        )
 
sudo = subprocess.Popen([‘sudo‘,‘-S‘,‘iptables‘,‘-L‘],
                        stdin=echo.stdout,
                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                        )
 
end_of_pipe = sudo.stdout
 
print "Password ok \n Iptables Chains %s" % end_of_pipe.read()