- 17.1 MySQL主从介绍 - 17.2 准备工作 - 17.3 配置主 - 17.4 配置从 - 17.5 测试主从同步 # 17.1 MySQL主从介绍 - MySQL主从又叫做Replication、AB复制。简单讲就是A和B两台机器做主从后，在A上写数据，另外一台B也会跟着写数据，两者数据实时同步的 - MySQL主从是基于binlog的，主上须开启binlog才能进行主从。bilog，是二进制文件，无法cat - 主从过程大致有3个步骤 1. 主将更改操作记录到binlog里 2. 从将主的binlog事件(sql语句)同步到从本机上并记录在relaylog里；relaylog，中继日志 3. 从根据relaylog里面的sql语句按顺序执行 - 主上有一个log dump线程，用来和从的I/O线程传递binlog - 从上有两个线程，其中I/O线程用来同步主的binlog并生成relaylog，另外一个SQL线程用来把relaylog里面的sql语句落地 - mysql原理图
- 使用场景： - 一、数据备份，主机器宕机，从机器还能随时对web提供服务 - 二、数据备份且可以分担主机器被调用数据时的压力，mysql主从，是有方向性的，写数据，必须从主机器开始；如果不依照原理会导致数据紊乱 # 17.2 准备工作 - 主从配置，主上操作 - mysql安装总结 - 进入src专用的下载目录下，下载mysql二进制免编译包 - wget 5.6版本，x64位 - 解压 - tar zxvf 。。。 - 移动 - mv 。。 /usr/local/mysql - 移动时，需注意这个目录是否已经存在，如果存在了，需要删除旧文件 - 初始化配置 - 进入所在的mysql目录 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# pwd /usr/local/mysql ./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –datadir=/data/mysql –user=mysql 需提前创建 ``` - 编辑my.cnf文件（7版本的centos系统，就自带安装一个mariadb，所以就会自动生成有一个my.cnf，就省去了拷贝） ``` vim /etc/my.cnf //添加以下两行内容 datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock ``` - 拷贝启动脚本 cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld - 编辑启动脚本 vim /etc/init.d/mysqld //对以下两行进行指定路径 basedir= datadir= 指定basedir的路径 /usr/local/mysql 指定datadir的路径 /data/mysql - 最重要的一步，记得查看/data/mysql 的默认属主、属组，如果不是mysql的，启东时会因为无法写入数据而不能启动 - chomd mysql:mysql /data/mysql - 然后就可以尝试启动 /etc/init.d/mysql start - [x] 主机器 - 192.168.202.131 - mysql启动情况 ``` [root@aming-01 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql root 941 0.0 0.1 115392 1688 ? S 20:14 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-01.pid mysql 1347 1.3 45.3 1300816 452976 ? Sl 20:14 0:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/aming-01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 2353 0.0 0.0 112684 980 pts/0 S+ 20:17 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@aming-01 ~]# ``` - [x] 从机器 - 192.168.202.132 - mysql启动情况 ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql root 1074 0.0 0.1 115392 1680 ? S 20:15 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-02.pid mysql 1523 1.7 45.2 1300784 452076 ? Sl 20:15 0:02 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/aming-02.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/aming-02.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 2284 0.0 0.0 112680 980 pts/0 S+ 20:17 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@aming-02 ~]# ``` # 17.3 配置主 - 安装mysql - 修改my.cnf，增加server-id=131和log_bin=aminglinux1 - 修改完配置文件后，启动或者重启mysqld服务 - 把mysql库备份并恢复成aming库，作为测试数据 - mysqldump -uroot mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql - mysql -uroot -e “create database aming” - mysql -uroot aming < /tmp/mysql.sql - 创建用作同步数据的用户 - grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@slave_ip identified by ‘password‘; - flush tables with read lock; - show master status; - 修改主机器上的配置文件 ``` [root@aming-01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # #!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "/etc/my.cnf" 19L, 560C ``` - 更改为 ``` [root@aming-01 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=131 log_bin=aminglinux1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # #!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :wq ``` - 修改之后要重启mysql,进入/data/mysql/目录下 ``` [root@aming-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@aming-01 ~]# [root@aming-01 ~]# pwd /root [root@aming-01 ~]# cd /data/mysql [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls -lt 总用量 110768 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 11月 7 21:44 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 11月 7 21:44 ibdata1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 29700 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.pid -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 21 11月 7 21:43 aminglinux1.index -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 120 11月 7 21:43 aminglinux1.000001 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 6 22:12 zrlog -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 44847 10月 31 22:02 localhost.err drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 30 23:13 mysql2 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 15630 10月 25 23:10 www.qq123.com.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 49405 10月 24 23:57 localhost.localdomain.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 10月 14 20:44 auto.cnf drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 mysql drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 performance_schema -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 10月 14 20:31 ib_logfile1 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 6 10月 14 20:31 test [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - .index 索引页，这个文件是必须要有的 - .000001 这个是二进制日志文件，会持续生成2、3、4等等（这个文件是实现主从配置的根本，没有这个文件根本没有办法实现） - 第二步，准备一个数据，做演示用的，重新来搞一个数据出来，在blog基础上备份一个出来 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls -lt 总用量 110768 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 11月 7 21:44 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 11月 7 21:44 ibdata1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 29700 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.pid -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 21 11月 7 21:43 aminglinux1.index -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 120 11月 7 21:43 aminglinux1.000001 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 6 22:12 zrlog -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 44847 10月 31 22:02 localhost.err drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 30 23:13 mysql2 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 15630 10月 25 23:10 www.qq123.com.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 49405 10月 24 23:57 localhost.localdomain.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 10月 14 20:44 auto.cnf drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 mysql drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 performance_schema -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 10月 14 20:31 ib_logfile1 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 6 10月 14 20:31 test [root@aming-01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -paminglinux zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@aming-01 mysql]# [root@aming-01 mysql]# du -sh /tmp/zrlog.sql 12K /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 新创建一个库,叫aming的库 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux -e "create database aming" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 创建库之后还需要把这个数据恢复一下 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux aming < /tmp/zrlog.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 现在要做的主从，参考的对象就是这个库 aming这个库 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls -lt 总用量 225468 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 11月 7 21:56 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 79691776 11月 7 21:56 ibdata1 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 10543 11月 7 21:56 aminglinux1.000001 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 7 21:56 aming -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 29700 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 5 11月 7 21:43 aming-01.pid -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 21 11月 7 21:43 aminglinux1.index drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 11月 6 22:12 zrlog -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 44847 10月 31 22:02 localhost.err drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 30 23:13 mysql2 -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 15630 10月 25 23:10 www.qq123.com.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 49405 10月 24 23:57 localhost.localdomain.err -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 10月 14 20:44 auto.cnf drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 mysql drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 10月 14 20:31 performance_schema -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 10月 14 20:31 ib_logfile1 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 6 10月 14 20:31 test [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 先进入到mysql里面来 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -paminglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> ``` - 创建用作同步数据的用户 ``` mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to ‘repl‘@‘192.168.202.132‘ identified by ‘aminglinux111‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 不要忘记给它锁上，目的是不要再让它继续写了 - 锁表的目的是不让表继续写，因为一会需要做从机器配置，需要进行一个同步，让两台机器同步，保证两台机器的数据一致，同步才不会出错 ``` mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 做一个show master status； ``` mysql> show master status; +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | aminglinux1.000001 | 10755 | | | | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> quit Bye [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 需要记住binlog的filename，记住file 的位置，一会儿要用到它 - 一会儿要去从机器 上 同步这些库 （高亮的为库） ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls aming aminglinux1.index ib_logfile1 mysql2 zrlog aming-01.err auto.cnf localhost.err performance_schema aming-01.pid ibdata1 localhost.localdomain.err test aminglinux1.000001 ib_logfile0 mysql www.qq123.com.err [root@aming-01 mysql]# [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls /tmp/zrlog.sql /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 把这下面的库都做一个备份 ``` [root@aming-01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -paminglinux mysql2 > /tmp/my2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls /tmp/*sql /tmp/blog,sql /tmp/blog.sql /tmp/my2.sql /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` # 17.4 配置从 - 安装mysql，已经做了 - 查看my.cnf，配置server-id=132，要求和主不一样 - 修改完配置文件后，启动或者重启mysqld服务 - 把主上aming库同步到从上 - 可以先创建aming库，然后把主上的/tmp/mysql.sql拷贝到从上，然后导入aming库 - mysql -uroot - stop slave； - change master to master_host=‘‘, master_user=‘repl‘, master_password=‘‘, master_log_file=‘‘, master_log_pos=xx, - start slave; - 还要到主上执行 unlock tables - 进入/etc/my.cnf ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=132 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd [mysqld_safe] #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # #!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d ~ :wq ``` - 重启服务 ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf [root@aming-02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@aming-02 ~]# ls /data/mysql aming-02.err aminglinux1.000001 auto.cnf ib_logfile0 localhost.localdomain.err mysql test aming-02.pid aminglinux1.index ibdata1 ib_logfile1 localhost.localdomain.pid performance_schema ``` - 保证和主从机器上的库数据一致 把主机器上备份的数据，拷贝到从机器上，然后做一个数据恢复 ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# scp 192.168.202.131:/tmp/*.sql /tmp/ root@192.168.202.131‘s password: blog.sql 100% 787 0.8KB/s 00:00 my2.sql 100% 642KB 641.9KB/s 00:00 zrlog.sql 100% 10KB 9.8KB/s 00:00 [root@aming-02 ~]# [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot -bash: mysql: 未找到命令 ``` - 未找到命令，是因为没有把mysql命令加入到$PATH环境变量里面 - 为了方便使用mysql服务，将mysql目录、mysqldump加入到环境变量里, ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# alias ‘mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql‘ [root@aming-02 ~]# alias ‘mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump‘ [root@aming-02 ~]# ``` - 进入mysql ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> ``` - 创建4个库 ``` mysql> create database aming; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database blog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database mysql2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> quit Bye [root@aming-02 ~]# ``` - 做一个恢复 ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot aming < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/my2.sql [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot blog < /tmp/blog.sql [root@aming-02 ~]# ``` - 对比下俩边的文件 ``` 从上面 [root@aming-02 ~]# ls /data/mysql aming aminglinux1.000001 blog ib_logfile1 mysql test aming-02.err aminglinux1.index ibdata1 localhost.localdomain.err mysql2 zrlog aming-02.pid auto.cnf ib_logfile0 localhost.localdomain.pid performance_schema [root@aming-02 ~]# 主上面 [root@aming-01 mysql]# ls aming aminglinux1.index ib_logfile0 mysql www.qq123.com.err aming-01.err auto.cnf ib_logfile1 mysql2 zrlog aming-01.pid blog localhost.err performance_schema aminglinux1.000001 ibdata1 localhost.localdomain.err test [root@aming-01 mysql]# ``` - 下面来实现主从 - 先进入mysql ``` [root@aming-02 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. ``` - stop slave; ``` mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - ``` mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.202.131‘, master_user=‘repl‘, master_password=‘aminglinux111‘, master_log_file=‘aminglinux1.000001‘,master_log_pos=10755; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) mysql> mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> ``` - 这个时候怎么判定主从有没有设置成功呢 ``` mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.202.131 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 10849 Relay_Log_File: aming-02-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 285 Relay_Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1007 Last_Error: Error ‘Can‘t create database ‘blog‘; database exists‘ on query. Default database: ‘blog‘. Query: ‘create database blog‘ Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 10755 Relay_Log_Space: 555 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 1007 Last_SQL_Error: Error ‘Can‘t create database ‘blog‘; database exists‘ on query. Default database: ‘blog‘. Query: ‘create database blog‘ Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 131 Master_UUID: 69e8b25a-b0dd-11e7-997f-000c292e28f2 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 171107 23:15:40 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - Slave_IO_Running: Yes 这个很重要，其中一个是NO就表示主从已经端口 Slave_SQL_Running: No 这个很重要，其中一个是NO就表示主从已经端口 - 这里Slave_SQL_Running: No，出错了， - 解决办法 ``` mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> start slave ; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.202.131 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_File: aming-02-relay-bin.000007 Relay_Log_Pos: 285 Relay_Master_Log_File: aminglinux1.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120 Relay_Log_Space: 626 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 131 Master_UUID: 69e8b25a-b0dd-11e7-997f-000c292e28f2 Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 恢复主机器上的表的写操作 unlock tables ``` mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 到此，主从就算搭建完了 # 17.5 测试主从同步 - 几个配置参数 - 主服务器上 - binlog-do-db= //仅同步指定的库（多个库，可以用“ , ”逗号分隔） - binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定库 - 从服务器上 - replicate_do_db= //仅同步指定的库 - replicate_ignore_db= //忽略指定库 - replicate_do_table= //仅同步指定的库 建议用下面两条配置，请无视这条配置 - replicate_ignore_table= //忽略指定库 建议用下面两条配置，请无视这条配置 - replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符% 指定同步靠谱的匹配 同步表 常用 - replicate_wild_ignore_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符% 指定同步靠谱的匹配 忽略表 常用 - 测试 主上进入mysql 切换到aming库 ``` mysql> use aming; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> ``` - 查看表 ``` mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_aming | +-----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +-----------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) user; +------+ | user | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 再切换到从服务器上 ``` mysql> use aming; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select count(*) user; +------+ | user | +------+ | 1 | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 也是一样的，数据是一致的 - 现在要把tag表做一个删除操作 ``` mysql> truncate table tag; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> select count(*) tag; +-----+ | tag | +-----+ | 1 | +-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> select * from tag; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 再去从上看下 ``` mysql> select count(*) tag; +-----+ | tag | +-----+ | 1 | +-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from tag; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - 下面做一个操作，把表直接给删掉 ``` mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_aming | +-----------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +-----------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table tag; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> ``` - 再去从上看 ``` mysql> select * from tag; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table ‘aming.tag‘ doesn‘t exist mysql> ``` - 这就是主从同步 - 再来做个删除aming库 - 先去主上 ``` mysql> drop database aming; Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.15 sec) mysql> ``` - 再去从上看，没有aming库了 ``` mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | blog | | mysql | | mysql2 | | performance_schema | | test | | zrlog | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> ``` - [x] 因为意外在从机器上做了意外的删除，新增，更改操作，就可以可能导致“Slave_SQL_Running: NO” - 如果出现了“Slave_SQL_Running: NO ” 需要去主上面，重新做一个“change master”的操作 比对主机器上的“master_log_pos=10755”，就可以恢复了 - 操作前需要先sotp slave - 然后再 - change master to master_host=’192.168.133.131′, master_user=’repl’, master_password=’aminglinux’,master_log_file=’Master.000001′, master_log_pos=10911;
17.1 MySQL主从介绍17.2 准备工作17.3 配置主17.4 配置从17.5 测试主从同步
原文地址：http://ch71smas.blog.51cto.com/13090095/1980072
