以前听同时说反射很强大,看了一些相关文章今天把反射总结一下。
说明:反射主要用于开发框架,即制作框架;
一、获得Class对象
Class<?> c = Class.forName("classname"); 抛出ClassNotFoundException
二、获得实现接口
Class<?> inters[] = c.getInterfaces();
for(int i=0;i<inters.length;i++){
System.out.print(inters[i].getName()+" "); //getName()方法为取得接口名称;
}
三、获得父类
Class<?> superClass = c.getSuperclass(); //获得父类
String name = superClass.getName(); //获得父类名称
四、取得构造方法
Constructor cons[] = c.getConstructors(); //获得公开的构造方法
Constructor dcons[] = c.getDeclaredConstructors(); //获得全部构造方法
String modifier = Modifier.toString(cons[i].getModifiers()); //获得访问权限
String name = cons[i].getName(); //获得构造方法名称
Class<?> params[] = cons[i].getParameterTypes(); //获得参数类型对象
五、获得Method
Method ms[] = c.getMethods(); //返回公共的全部方法,包括继承方法
Method dms[] = c.getDeclaredMethods(); //返回本类全部方法,不包括继承的方法
Class<?> rt = ms[i].getReturnType();
Class<?>params[] = ms[i].getParameterTypes();
String name = ms[i].getName();
String modifier = Modifier.toString(ms[i].getModifiers());
Class<?>ex[] = ms[i].getExceptionTypes(); //获得异常
String name = ex[i].getName(); //获得异常名称
六、获得Field
Field fs[] = c.getFields(); //获得公共属性,包括继承属性
Field dfs[] = c.getDeclaredFields(); // 获得本类全部属性
Class<?> type = fs[i].getType(); //获得属性的类型对象
String name = fs[i].getName(); //获得属性的名称
String modifier = Modifier.toString(fs[i].getModifiers());
七、通过反射创建一个对象
(1)
Class<?> c = Class.forName("Person");
Person p = (Person)c.newInstance();
(2)
Constructor con = c1.getConstructor(Class....param);
Object obj = con.newInstance(Object obj); //根据构造函数创建一个实例
八、Constructor创建对象
Class c = Class.forName("Person");
Constructor<?> cons[] = c.getConstructors();
Person p = (Person)cons[0].newInstance("xiazdong",15);
注:如果调用的构造函数为私有,则需要c.setAccessible(true);
九、调用特定方法
Method m = c1.getMethod("funcname",Class<?>...c); //funcname表示调用方法的名称,c表示参数的Class对象
例如:Method m = c1.getMethod("fun",String.class,int.class); 表示调用fun(String,int);函数
Object obj = m.invoke(c1.newInstance(),"xiazdong",20); //如果有返回值,则invoke函数返回;
注:如果是调用静态的方法,则不需要设置对象;
Object obj = m.invoke(null,"xiazdong");
注:如果参数中有数组,比如 public static void main(String[]args);
则
Method m = c1.getMethod("main",String[].class);
m.invoke(null,(Object)new String[]{"aa","bb"});是对的;
m.invoke(null,new String[]{"aa","bb"}); 会调用 main(String,String);函数;
十、调用特定属性
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); //返回name属性
f.setAccessible(true); //私有属性可见
String name = (String)f.get(Object obj); //返回obj对象的name属性的值
f.set(Object obj,String n); //设置obj对象的name属性为n值;
十一、操作数组
int tmp[] = {1,2,3};
Class<?> c = tmp.getClass().getComponentType();
Array.getLength(tmp); //tmp数组的长度
c.getName(); //获得数组类型名称
Array.get(Object obj,int index); //获得obj数组的index索引的数值
Array.set(Object obj,int index,VALUE); //设置obj数组的index索引的数值为value;
Object obj = Array.newInstance(c,length); //c为数组的类型,length为数组的长度;obj为返回的数组对象;
示例:
import java.lang.reflect.*; public class GetMethodDemo01{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("Person"); Method m = c1.getMethod("sayHello"); m.invoke(c1.newInstance()); Method m2 = c1.getMethod("sayHello2",String.class,int.class); String str = (String)m2.invoke(c1.newInstance(),"xiazdong",123); System.out.println(str); Field nameField = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); Field ageField = c1.getDeclaredField("age"); nameField.setAccessible(true); ageField.setAccessible(true); Person obj = (Person)c1.newInstance(); obj.setName("xzdong"); obj.setAge(12); System.out.println(nameField.get(obj)); System.out.println(ageField.get(obj)); Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName",String.class); setName.invoke(obj,"changed"); Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName"); System.out.println(getName.invoke(obj)); int tmp[] = {1,2,3}; Class<?> c3 = tmp.getClass().getComponentType(); System.out.println(c3.getName()); System.out.println("第一个数:"+Array.get(tmp,0)); Array.set(tmp,0,5); System.out.println("第一个数:"+Array.get(tmp,0)); Object arr = Array.newInstance(c3,5); System.arraycopy(tmp,0,arr,0,Array.getLength(tmp)); System.out.println(Array.get(arr,2)); System.out.println(Array.get(arr,3)); } }
import java.lang.reflect.*; interface China{ public static final String NAME = "CHINA"; public int AGE = 60; public void sayHello(); public String sayHello2(String name,int age); } class Person implements China{ private String name; private int age; public String getName(){ return name; } public void setName(String name){ this.name = name; } public int getAge(){ return age; } public void setAge(int age){ this.age = age; } public void sayHello(){ System.out.println(NAME+" "+AGE); } public String sayHello2(String name,int age){ return name+" "+age; } }
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; interface Fruit{ public void eat(); } class Apple implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃苹果"); } } class Orange implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃橘子"); } } class Factory{ public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{ Fruit f = null; if("apple".equals(name)){ f = new Apple(); } else if("orange".equals(name)){ f = new Orange(); } if(f!=null){ return f; } else return null; } } public class FactoryDemo01{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ Fruit f = Factory.getInstance("apple"); f.eat(); } }
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; interface Fruit{ public void eat(); } class Apple implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃苹果"); } } class Orange implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃橘子"); } } class Factory{ public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{ Fruit f = null Fruit f = (Fruit)Class.forName(name).newInstance(); if(f!=null){ return f; } else return null; } } public class FactoryDemo01{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ Fruit f = Factory.getInstance("Apple"); f.eat(); } }3.增加灵活性:配置文件
import java.io.*; import java.util.*; interface Fruit{ public void eat(); } class Apple implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃苹果"); } } class Orange implements Fruit{ public void eat(){ System.out.println("吃橘子"); } } class Factory{ public static Fruit getInstance(String name)throws Exception{ Fruit f = null Fruit f = (Fruit)Class.forName(name).newInstance(); if(f!=null){ return f; } else return null; } private Factory(){} } public class FactoryDemo01{ public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{ Properties p = new Properties(); p.load(new FileInputStream("1.properties")); String str = p.getProperty("apple"); Fruit f = Factory.getInstance(str); f.eat(); } }
apple=Apple
orange=Orange
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/jia635/article/details/39256187