python 基础知识点

Old: print "The answer is", 2*2 New: print("The answer is", 2*2)
Old: print x, # Trailing comma suppresses newline New: print(x, end=" ") # Appends a space instead of a newline
Old: print # Prints a newline
New: print() # You must call the function!
Old: print >>sys.stderr, "fatal error" New: print("fatal error", file=sys.stderr)
Old: print (x, y) # prints repr((x, y))
New: print((x, y)) # Not the same as print(x, y)!

#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
std::cout<<"Hello world";
 }

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("\nhello world!");
return 0;
}

public class HelloWorld{
// 程序的入口
public static void main(String args[]){
// 向控制台输出信息
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}

<?php  
           echo "hello world!";  
?>  

puts "Hello world."  

package main

import "fmt"

func main(){

    fmt.Printf("Hello World!\n God Bless You!");

}

import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter

if sys.platform == ‘darwin‘ and sys.version_info[0] == 2:
    readline.parse_and_bind("bind ^I rl_complete")
else:
    readline.parse_and_bind("tab: complete")  # linux and python3 on mac

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# python startup file 
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
# tab completion 
 readline.parse_and_bind(‘tab: complete‘)
# history file 
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ[‘HOME‘], ‘.pythonhistory‘)
try:
    readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
    pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8 -*-
# Author:Zero


name = input("name:")
#raw_input 2.x == input 3.x
#iput 2.0 不建议使用
age = int (input("age(请输入整数):")) #变量类型转换
print(type(age) , type ( str(age)) ) #变量类型输出
job = input ("job:")
salary = input ("salary:")

#格式化输出1,注意输出格式如：%s,%d,%f的区别
info = ‘‘‘
-----------info of %s ------------
Name:%s
Age:%d
Job:%s
Salary:%s
‘‘‘%(name,name,age,job,salary)

print(info)

#格式化输出2,官方建议使用这种输出格式

info2 = ‘‘‘
-----------info of {_name}----------
Name:{_name}
Age:{_age}
Job:{_job}
Salary:{_salary}
‘‘‘.format(
    _name=name,
    _age=age,
    _job=job,
    _salary=salary
)

print(info2)

#格式化输出3

info3 = ‘‘‘
-----------info of {0}------------
Name:{0}
Age:{1}
Job:{2}
Salary:{3}
‘‘‘.format(
    name,age,job,salary
)

print(info3)

#!/usr/bin/python
  
a = 60            # 60 = 0011 1100
b = 13            # 13 = 0000 1101
c = 0
  
c = a & b;        # 12 = 0000 1100
print "Line 1 - Value of c is ", c
  
c = a | b;        # 61 = 0011 1101
print "Line 2 - Value of c is ", c
  
c = a ^ b;        # 49 = 0011 0001 #相同为0，不同为1
print "Line 3 - Value of c is ", c
  
c = ~a;           # -61 = 1100 0011
print "Line 4 - Value of c is ", c
  
c = a << 2;       # 240 = 1111 0000
print "Line 5 - Value of c is ", c
  
c = a >> 2;       # 15 = 0000 1111
print "Line 6 - Value of c is ", c

# 提示输入用户名和密码
  
# 验证用户名和密码
#     如果错误，则输出用户名或密码错误
#     如果成功，则输出 欢迎，XXX!
 
 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: encoding -*-
  
import getpass
  
  
name = raw_input(‘请输入用户名：‘)
pwd = getpass.getpass(‘请输入密码：‘)
  
if name == "Zero" and pwd == "cmd":
    print("欢迎，Zero！")
else:
    print("用户名和密码错误")

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
my_age = 28
 
user_input = int(input("input your guess num:"))
 
if user_input == my_age:
    print("Congratulations, you got it !")
elif user_input < my_age:
    print("Oops,think bigger!")
else:
    print("think smaller!")

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = ‘Zero‘
 
 
for i in range(10):
    print("loop:", i )

#输出

loop: 0
loop: 1
loop: 2
loop: 3
loop: 4
loop: 5
loop: 6
loop: 7
loop: 8
loop: 9

for i in range(10):
    if i<5:
        continue #不往下走了,直接进入下一次loop
    print("loop:", i )

for i in range(10):
    if i>5:
        break #不往下走了,直接跳出整个loop
    print("loop:", i )

count = 0
while True:
    print("你是风儿我是沙,缠缠绵绵到天涯...",count)
    count +=1

count = 0
while True:
    print("你是风儿我是沙,缠缠绵绵到天涯...",count)
    count +=1
    if count == 100:
        print("去你妈的风和沙,你们这些脱了裤子是人,穿上裤子是鬼的臭男人..")
        break

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 
my_age = 28
 
count = 0
while count < 3:
    user_input = int(input("input your guess num:"))
 
    if user_input == my_age:
        print("Congratulations, you got it !")
        break
    elif user_input < my_age:
        print("Oops,think bigger!")
    else:
        print("think smaller!")
    count += 1 #每次loop 计数器+1
else:
    print("猜这么多次都不对,你个笨蛋.")

>>> names = ["Zero","one","two","three","four","five"]
>>> names[1:4]  #取下标1至下标4之间的数字，包括1，不包括4
[‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘]
>>> names[1:-1] #取下标1至-1的值，不包括-1
[‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘]
>>> names[0:3] 
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘]
>>> names[:3] #如果是从头开始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一样
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘]
>>> names[3:] #如果想取最后一个，必须不能写-1，只能这么写
[‘Rain‘, ‘Tom‘, ‘five‘] 
>>> names[3:-1] #这样-1就不会被包含了
[‘Rain‘, ‘four‘]
>>> names[0::2] #后面的2是代表，每隔一个元素，就取一个
[‘Zero‘, ‘two‘, ‘four‘] 
>>> names[::2] #和上句效果一样
[‘Zero‘, ‘two‘, ‘four‘]

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]
>>> names.insert(2,"强行从two前面插入")
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘强行从two前面插入‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘强行从two前面插入‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘从two后面插入‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]
>>> names[2] = "该换人了"
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘该换人了‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘从two后面插入‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]

>>> del names[2] 
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘从two后面插入‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]
>>> del names[4]
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]
>>> 
>>> names.remove("two") #删除指定元素
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘, ‘我是新来的‘]
>>> names.pop() #删除列表最后一个值 
‘我是新来的‘
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘five‘]

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘]
>>> b = [1,2,3]
>>> names.extend(b)
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, 1, 2, 3]

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, 1, 2, 3]

>>> name_copy = names.copy()
>>> name_copy
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, 1, 2, 3]

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, 1, 2, 3]
>>> names.count("two")
2

>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘two‘, 1, 2, 3]
>>> names.sort() #排序
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str()   #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了，擦
>>> names[-3] = ‘1‘
>>> names[-2] = ‘2‘
>>> names[-1] = ‘3‘
>>> names
[‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘two‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘]
>>> names.sort()
>>> names
[‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘Zero‘, ‘one‘, ‘three‘, ‘two‘, ‘two‘]
>>> names.reverse() #反转
>>> names
[‘two‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘one‘, ‘Zero‘, ‘3‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘]

>>> names
[‘two‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘one‘, ‘Zero‘, ‘3‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘]
>>> names.index("three")
2 #只返回找到的第一个下标

names = ("Zero","one","two")

name.capitalize()  首字母大写
name.casefold()   大写全部变小写
name.center(50,"-")  输出 ‘---------------------Alex Li----------------------‘
name.count(‘lex‘) 统计 lex出现次数
name.encode()  将字符串编码成bytes格式
name.endswith("Li")  判断字符串是否以 Li结尾
 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 输出‘Alex      Li‘， 将\t转换成多长的空格 
 name.find(‘A‘)  查找A,找到返回其索引， 找不到返回-1 

format :
    >>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}"
    >>> msg.format("alex",22)
    ‘my name is alex, and age is 22‘
    >>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}"
    >>> msg.format("alex",22)
    ‘my name is 22, and age is alex‘
    >>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}"
    >>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale")
    ‘my name is ale, and age is 22‘
format_map
    >>> msg.format_map({‘name‘:‘alex‘,‘age‘:22})
    ‘my name is alex, and age is 22‘


msg.index(‘a‘)  返回a所在字符串的索引
‘9aA‘.isalnum()   True

‘9‘.isdigit() 是否整数
name.isnumeric  
name.isprintable
name.isspace
name.istitle
name.isupper
 "|".join([‘alex‘,‘jack‘,‘rain‘])
‘alex|jack|rain‘


maketrans
    >>> intab = "aeiou"  #This is the string having actual characters. 
    >>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character
    >>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
    >>> 
    >>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
    >>> str.translate(trantab)
    ‘th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!‘

 msg.partition(‘is‘)   输出 (‘my name ‘, ‘is‘, ‘ {name}, and age is {age}‘) 

 >>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1)
     ‘alex LI, chinese name is lijie‘

 msg.swapcase 大小写互换


 >>> msg.zfill(40)
‘00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}‘



>>> n4.ljust(40,"-")
‘Hello 2orld-----------------------------‘
>>> n4.rjust(40,"-")
‘-----------------------------Hello 2orld‘


>>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈" 
>>> b.isidentifier() #检测一段字符串可否被当作标志符，即是否符合变量命名规则
True

info = {
    ‘stu1101‘: "TengLan Wu",
    ‘stu1102‘: "LongZe Luola",
    ‘stu1103‘: "XiaoZe Maliya",
}

>>> info["stu1104"] = "苍井空"
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1104‘: ‘苍井空‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1101‘: ‘TengLan Wu‘}

>>> info[‘stu1101‘] = "武藤兰"
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1101‘: ‘武藤兰‘}

>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1101‘: ‘武藤兰‘}
>>> info.pop("stu1101") #标准删除姿势
‘武藤兰‘
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘}
>>> del info[‘stu1103‘] #换个姿势删除
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘}
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> info = {‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘}
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘} #随机删除
>>> info.popitem()
(‘stu1102‘, ‘LongZe Luola‘)
>>> info
{‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘}

>>> info = {‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘}
>>> 
>>> "stu1102" in info #标准用法
True
>>> info.get("stu1102")  #获取
‘LongZe Luola‘
>>> info["stu1102"] #同上，但是看下面
‘LongZe Luola‘
>>> info["stu1105"]  #如果一个key不存在，就报错，get不会，不存在只返回None
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: ‘stu1105‘

av_catalog = {
    "欧美":{
        "www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"],
        "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"],
        "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"],
        "x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"]
    },
    "日韩":{
        "tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"]
    },
    "大陆":{
        "1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"]
    }
}

av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来"
print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"])
#ouput 
[‘全部免费,真好,好人一生平安‘, ‘服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来‘]

#values
>>> info.values()
dict_values([‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘])

#keys
>>> info.keys()
dict_keys([‘stu1102‘, ‘stu1103‘])


#setdefault
>>> info.setdefault("stu1106","Alex")
‘Alex‘
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1106‘: ‘Alex‘}
>>> info.setdefault("stu1102","龙泽萝拉")
‘LongZe Luola‘
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1106‘: ‘Alex‘}


#update 
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1106‘: ‘Alex‘}
>>> b = {1:2,3:4, "stu1102":"龙泽萝拉"}
>>> info.update(b)
>>> info
{‘stu1102‘: ‘龙泽萝拉‘, 1: 2, 3: 4, ‘stu1103‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘stu1106‘: ‘Alex‘}

#items
info.items()
dict_items([(‘stu1102‘, ‘龙泽萝拉‘), (1, 2), (3, 4), (‘stu1103‘, ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘), (‘stu1106‘, ‘Alex‘)])


#通过一个列表生成默认dict,有个没办法解释的坑，少用吧这个
>>> dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],‘testd‘)
{1: ‘testd‘, 2: ‘testd‘, 3: ‘testd‘}

#方法1
for key in info:
    print(key,info[key])

#方法2
for k,v in info.items(): #会先把dict转成list,数据里大时莫用
    print(k,v)

menu = {
    ‘北京‘:{
        ‘海淀‘:{
            ‘五道口‘:{
                ‘soho‘:{},
                ‘网易‘:{},
                ‘google‘:{}
            },
            ‘中关村‘:{
                ‘爱奇艺‘:{},
                ‘汽车之家‘:{},
                ‘youku‘:{},
            },
            ‘上地‘:{
                ‘百度‘:{},
            },
        },
        ‘昌平‘:{
            ‘沙河‘:{
                ‘老男孩‘:{},
                ‘北航‘:{},
            },
            ‘天通苑‘:{},
            ‘回龙观‘:{},
        },
        ‘朝阳‘:{},
        ‘东城‘:{},
    },
    ‘上海‘:{
        ‘闵行‘:{
            "人民广场":{
                ‘炸鸡店‘:{}
            }
        },
        ‘闸北‘:{
            ‘火车战‘:{
                ‘携程‘:{}
            }
        },
        ‘浦东‘:{},
    },
    ‘山东‘:{},
}


exit_flag = False
current_layer = menu

layers = [menu]

while not  exit_flag:
    for k in current_layer:
        print(k)
    choice = input(">>:").strip()
    if choice == "b":
        current_layer = layers[-1]
        #print("change to laster", current_layer)
        layers.pop()
    elif choice not  in current_layer:continue
    else:
        layers.append(current_layer)
        current_layer = current_layer[choice]

s = set([3,5,9,10])      #创建一个数值集合  
  
t = set("Hello")         #创建一个唯一字符的集合  


a = t | s          # t 和 s的并集  
  
b = t & s          # t 和 s的交集  
  
c = t – s          # 求差集（项在t中，但不在s中）  
  
d = t ^ s          # 对称差集（项在t或s中，但不会同时出现在二者中）  
  
   
  
基本操作：  
  
t.add(‘x‘)            # 添加一项  
  
s.update([10,37,42])  # 在s中添加多项  
  
   
  
使用remove()可以删除一项：  
  
t.remove(‘H‘)  
  
  
len(s)  
set 的长度  
  
x in s  
测试 x 是否是 s 的成员  
  
x not in s  
测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员  
  
s.issubset(t)  
s <= t  
测试是否 s 中的每一个元素都在 t 中  
  
s.issuperset(t)  
s >= t  
测试是否 t 中的每一个元素都在 s 中  
  
s.union(t)  
s | t  
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一个元素  
  
s.intersection(t)  
s & t  
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素  
  
s.difference(t)  
s - t  
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中没有的元素  
  
s.symmetric_difference(t)  
s ^ t  
返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中不重复的元素  
  
s.copy()  
返回 set “s”的一个浅复制  

Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind
不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
就如舌尖上的雨露
I teased at life as if it were a foolish game
我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏
The way the evening breeze
就如夜晚的微风
May tease the candle flame
逗弄蜡烛的火苗
The thousand dreams I dreamed
我曾千万次梦见
The splendid things I planned
那些我计划的绚丽蓝图
I always built to last on weak and shifting sand
但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上
I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day
我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光
And only now I see how the time ran away
事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung
有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out
我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽
I never stopped to think what life was all about
我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义
And every conversation that I can now recall
如今回想起的所有对话
Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all
除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了
The game of love I played with arrogance and pride
我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏
And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died
所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快
The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away
所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了
And only now I‘m left alone to end the play, yeah
只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧
Oh, yesterday when I was young
噢 昨日当我年少轻狂
So many, many songs were waiting to be sung
有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
There are so many songs in me that won‘t be sung
我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起
I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue
我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味
The time has come for me to pay for yesterday
终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日
When I was young
当我年少轻狂

f = open(‘lyrics‘) #打开文件
first_line = f.readline()
print(‘first line:‘,first_line) #读一行
print(‘我是分隔线‘.center(50,‘-‘))
data = f.read()# 读取剩下的所有内容,文件大时不要用
print(data) #打印文件
 
f.close() #关闭文件

 def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        Close the file.
        
        A closed file cannot be used for further I/O operations.  close() may be
        called more than once without error.
        """
        pass

    def fileno(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return the underlying file descriptor (an integer). """
        pass

    def isatty(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if the file is connected to a TTY device. """
        pass

    def read(self, size=-1): # known case of _io.FileIO.read
        """
        注意，不一定能全读回来
        Read at most size bytes, returned as bytes.
        
        Only makes one system call, so less data may be returned than requested.
        In non-blocking mode, returns None if no data is available.
        Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
        """
        return ""

    def readable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file was opened in a read mode. """
        pass

    def readall(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Read all data from the file, returned as bytes.
        
        In non-blocking mode, returns as much as is immediately available,
        or None if no data is available.  Return an empty bytes object at EOF.
        """
        pass

    def readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ Same as RawIOBase.readinto(). """
        pass #不要用,没人知道它是干嘛用的

    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Move to new file position and return the file position.
        
        Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to
        SEEK_SET or 0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values
        are SEEK_CUR or 1 (move relative to current position, positive or negative),
        and SEEK_END or 2 (move relative to end of file, usually negative, although
        many platforms allow seeking beyond the end of a file).
        
        Note that not all file objects are seekable.
        """
        pass

    def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file supports random-access. """
        pass

    def tell(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Current file position.
        
        Can raise OSError for non seekable files.
        """
        pass

    def truncate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Truncate the file to at most size bytes and return the truncated size.
        
        Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell().
        The current file position is changed to the value of size.
        """
        pass

    def writable(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ True if file was opened in a write mode. """
        pass

    def write(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Write bytes b to file, return number written.
        
        Only makes one system call, so not all of the data may be written.
        The number of bytes actually written is returned.  In non-blocking mode,
        returns None if the write would block.
        """
        pass

1、查
    输入：www.oldboy.org
    获取当前backend下的所有记录

2、新建
    输入：
        arg = {
            ‘bakend‘: ‘www.oldboy.org‘,
            ‘record‘:{
                ‘server‘: ‘100.1.7.9‘,
                ‘weight‘: 20,
                ‘maxconn‘: 30
            }
        }

3、删除
    输入：
        arg = {
            ‘bakend‘: ‘www.oldboy.org‘,
            ‘record‘:{
                ‘server‘: ‘100.1.7.9‘,
                ‘weight‘: 20,
                ‘maxconn‘: 30
            }
        }

global       
        log 127.0.0.1 local2
        daemon
        maxconn 256
        log 127.0.0.1 local2 info
defaults
        log global
        mode http
        timeout connect 5000ms
        timeout client 50000ms
        timeout server 50000ms
        option  dontlognull

listen stats :8888
        stats enable
        stats uri       /admin
        stats auth      admin:1234

frontend oldboy.org
        bind 0.0.0.0:80
        option httplog
        option httpclose
        option  forwardfor
        log global
        acl www hdr_reg(host) -i www.oldboy.org
        use_backend www.oldboy.org if www

backend www.oldboy.org
        server 100.1.7.9 100.1.7.9 weight 20 maxconn 3000

#-*-coding:gb2312 -*-   #这个也可以去掉
__author__ = ‘Alex Li‘

import sys
print(sys.getdefaultencoding())


msg = "我爱北京天安门"
#msg_gb2312 = msg.decode("utf-8").encode("gb2312")
msg_gb2312 = msg.encode("gb2312") #默认就是unicode,不用再decode,喜大普奔
gb2312_to_unicode = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312")
gb2312_to_utf8 = msg_gb2312.decode("gb2312").encode("utf-8")

print(msg)
print(msg_gb2312)
print(gb2312_to_unicode)
print(gb2312_to_utf8)

while True：
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接
     
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接
     
    if 内存占用 > 80%:
        #发送邮件提醒
        连接邮箱服务器
        发送邮件
        关闭连接

def 发送邮件(内容)
    #发送邮件提醒
    连接邮箱服务器
    发送邮件
    关闭连接
     
while True：
     
    if cpu利用率 > 90%:
        发送邮件(‘CPU报警‘)
     
    if 硬盘使用空间 > 90%:
        发送邮件(‘硬盘报警‘)
     
    if 内存占用 > 80%:
        发送邮件(‘内存报警‘)

def sayhi():#函数名
    print("Hello, I‘m nobody!")
 
sayhi() #调用函数

#下面这段代码
a,b = 5,8
c = a**b
print(c)
 
 
#改成用函数写
def calc(x,y):
    res = x**y
    return res #返回函数执行结果
 
c = calc(a,b) ＃结果赋值给c变量
print(c)

def stu_register(name,age,country,course):
    print("----注册学生信息------")
    print("姓名:",name)
    print("age:",age)
    print("国籍:",country)
    print("课程:",course)
 
stu_register("王山炮",22,"CN","python_devops")
stu_register("张叫春",21,"CN","linux")
stu_register("刘老根",25,"CN","linux")

name = "Alex"
 
def change_name():
    name = "Alex2"
 
    def change_name2():
        name = "Alex3"
        print("第3层打印",name)
 
    change_name2() #调用内层函数
    print("第2层打印",name)
 
 
change_name()
print("最外层打印",name)

data = [1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 30, 32, 33, 35]
 
 
def binary_search(dataset,find_num):
    print(dataset)
 
    if len(dataset) >1:
        mid = int(len(dataset)/2)
        if dataset[mid] == find_num:  #find it
            print("找到数字",dataset[mid])
        elif dataset[mid] > find_num :# 找的数在mid左面
            print("\033[31;1m找的数在mid[%s]左面\033[0m" % dataset[mid])
            return binary_search(dataset[0:mid], find_num)
        else:# 找的数在mid右面
            print("\033[32;1m找的数在mid[%s]右面\033[0m" % dataset[mid])
            return binary_search(dataset[mid+1:],find_num)
    else:
        if dataset[0] == find_num:  #find it
            print("找到数字啦",dataset[0])
        else:
            print("没的分了,要找的数字[%s]不在列表里" % find_num)
 
 
binary_search(data,66)

#compile
f = open("函数递归.py")
data =compile(f.read(),‘‘,‘exec‘)
exec(data)


#print
msg = "又回到最初的起点"
f = open("tofile","w")
print(msg,"记忆中你青涩的脸",sep="|",end="",file=f)


# #slice
# a = range(20)
# pattern = slice(3,8,2)
# for i in a[pattern]: #等于a[3:8:2]
#     print(i)
#
#


#memoryview
#usage:
#>>> memoryview(b‘abcd‘)
#<memory at 0x104069648>
#在进行切片并赋值数据时，不需要重新copy原列表数据，可以直接映射原数据内存，
import time
for n in (100000, 200000, 300000, 400000):
    data = b‘x‘*n
    start = time.time()
    b = data
    while b:
        b = b[1:]
    print(‘bytes‘, n, time.time()-start)

for n in (100000, 200000, 300000, 400000):
    data = b‘x‘*n
    start = time.time()
    b = memoryview(data)
    while b:
        b = b[1:]
    print(‘memoryview‘, n, time.time()-start)

>>> a
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> b = []
>>> for i in a:b.append(i+1)
... 
>>> b
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> a = b
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
>>> a = map(lambda x:x+1, a)
>>> a
<map object at 0x101d2c630>
>>> for i in a:print(i)
... 
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

>>> a = [i+1 for i in range(10)]
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

>>> next(g)
0
>>> next(g)
1
>>> next(g)
4
>>> next(g)
9
>>> next(g)
16
>>> next(g)
25
>>> next(g)
36
>>> next(g)
49
>>> next(g)
64
>>> next(g)
81
>>> next(g)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
StopIteration

>>> g = (x * x for x in range(10))
>>> for n in g:
...     print(n)
...
0
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81

def fib(max):
    n, a, b = 0, 0, 1
    while n < max:
        print(b)
        a, b = b, a + b
        n = n + 1
    return ‘done‘

>>> fib(10)
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
55
done

def fib(max):
    n,a,b = 0,0,1

    while n < max:
        #print(b)
        yield  b
        a,b = b,a+b

        n += 1

    return ‘done‘ 

data = fib(10)
print(data)

print(data.__next__())
print(data.__next__())
print("干点别的事")
print(data.__next__())
print(data.__next__())
print(data.__next__())
print(data.__next__())
print(data.__next__())

#输出
<generator object fib at 0x101be02b0>
1
1
干点别的事
2
3
5
8
13

>>> for n in fib(6):
...     print(n)
...
1
1
2
3
5
8

>>> g = fib(6)
>>> while True:
...     try:
...         x = next(g)
...         print(‘g:‘, x)
...     except StopIteration as e:
...         print(‘Generator return value:‘, e.value)
...         break
...
g: 1
g: 1
g: 2
g: 3
g: 5
g: 8
Generator return value: done

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = ‘Alex Li‘

import time
def consumer(name):
    print("%s 准备吃包子啦!" %name)
    while True:
       baozi = yield

       print("包子[%s]来了,被[%s]吃了!" %(baozi,name))


def producer(name):
    c = consumer(‘A‘)
    c2 = consumer(‘B‘)
    c.__next__()
    c2.__next__()
    print("老子开始准备做包子啦!")
    for i in range(10):
        time.sleep(1)
        print("做了2个包子!")
        c.send(i)
        c2.send(i)

producer("alex")

>>> from collections import Iterator
>>> isinstance((x for x in range(10)), Iterator)
True
>>> isinstance([], Iterator)
False
>>> isinstance({}, Iterator)
False
>>> isinstance(‘abc‘, Iterator)
False

# 首先获得Iterator对象:
it = iter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# 循环:
while True:
    try:
        # 获得下一个值:
        x = next(it)
    except StopIteration:
        # 遇到StopIteration就退出循环
        break

def home():
    print("---首页----")
 
def america():
    print("----欧美专区----")
 
def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")
 
def henan():
    print("----河南专区----")

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
 
 
user_status = False #用户登录了就把这个改成True
 
def login():
    _username = "alex" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
    _password = "abc!23" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
    global user_status
 
    if user_status == False:
        username = input("user:")
        password = input("pasword:")
 
        if username == _username and password == _password:
            print("welcome login....")
            user_status = True
        else:
            print("wrong username or password!")
    else:
        print("用户已登录，验证通过...")
 
def home():
    print("---首页----")
 
def america():
    login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----欧美专区----")
 
def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")
 
def henan():
    login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----河南专区----")
 
 
 
home()
america()
henan()

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
 
 
user_status = False #用户登录了就把这个改成True
 
def login(func): #把要执行的模块从这里传进来
    _username = "alex" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
    _password = "abc!23" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
    global user_status
 
    if user_status == False:
        username = input("user:")
        password = input("pasword:")
 
        if username == _username and password == _password:
            print("welcome login....")
            user_status = True
        else:
            print("wrong username or password!")
 
    if user_status == True:
        func() # 看这里看这里，只要验证通过了，就调用相应功能
 
def home():
    print("---首页----")
 
def america():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----欧美专区----")
 
def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")
 
def henan():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----河南专区----")
 
 
 
home()
login(america) #需要验证就调用 login，把需要验证的功能 当做一个参数传给login
# home()
# america()
login(henan)

def login(func): #把要执行的模块从这里传进来
 
    def inner():#再定义一层函数
        _username = "alex" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
        _password = "abc!23" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
        global user_status
 
        if user_status == False:
            username = input("user:")
            password = input("pasword:")
 
            if username == _username and password == _password:
                print("welcome login....")
                user_status = True
            else:
                print("wrong username or password!")
 
        if user_status == True:
            func() # 看这里看这里，只要验证通过了，就调用相应功能
 
    return inner #用户调用login时，只会返回inner的内存地址，下次再调用时加上()才会执行inner函数

@login
def america():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----欧美专区----")
 
def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")
 
@login
def henan():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----河南专区----")

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
 
 
user_status = False #用户登录了就把这个改成True
 
def login(func): #把要执行的模块从这里传进来
 
    def inner(*args,**kwargs):#再定义一层函数
        _username = "alex" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
        _password = "abc!23" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
        global user_status
 
        if user_status == False:
            username = input("user:")
            password = input("pasword:")
 
            if username == _username and password == _password:
                print("welcome login....")
                user_status = True
            else:
                print("wrong username or password!")
 
        if user_status == True:
            func(*args,**kwargs) # 看这里看这里，只要验证通过了，就调用相应功能
 
    return inner #用户调用login时，只会返回inner的内存地址，下次再调用时加上()才会执行inner函数
 
 
def home():
    print("---首页----")
 
@login
def america():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----欧美专区----")
 
def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")
 
# @login
def henan(style):
    ‘‘‘
    :param style: 喜欢看什么类型的，就传进来
    :return:
    ‘‘‘
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----河南专区----")
 
home()
# america = login(america) #你在这里相当于把america这个函数替换了
henan = login(henan)
 
# #那用户调用时依然写
america()
 
henan("3p")

#_*_coding:utf-8_*_


user_status = False #用户登录了就把这个改成True

def login(auth_type): #把要执行的模块从这里传进来
    def auth(func):
        def inner(*args,**kwargs):#再定义一层函数
            if auth_type == "qq":
                _username = "alex" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
                _password = "abc!23" #假装这是DB里存的用户信息
                global user_status

                if user_status == False:
                    username = input("user:")
                    password = input("pasword:")

                    if username == _username and password == _password:
                        print("welcome login....")
                        user_status = True
                    else:
                        print("wrong username or password!")

                if user_status == True:
                    return func(*args,**kwargs) # 看这里看这里，只要验证通过了，就调用相应功能
            else:
                print("only support qq ")
        return inner #用户调用login时，只会返回inner的内存地址，下次再调用时加上()才会执行inner函数

    return auth

def home():
    print("---首页----")

@login(‘qq‘)
def america():
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----欧美专区----")

def japan():
    print("----日韩专区----")

@login(‘weibo‘)
def henan(style):
    ‘‘‘
    :param style: 喜欢看什么类型的，就传进来
    :return:
    ‘‘‘
    #login() #执行前加上验证
    print("----河南专区----")

home()
# america = login(america) #你在这里相当于把america这个函数替换了
#henan = login(henan)

# #那用户调用时依然写
america()

# henan("3p")