java笔试题解析

标签：java   笔试   迷宫   

1.数组乱序

天天搞排序，今天遇到一道乱序的问题居然无从下手，知道random，然后想了很复杂的if条件判断。

其实，只要在数组里面依次拿出一个数，然后产生数组长度范围内的一个数作为下标，然后互换即可！

public class RandomNumber {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int change = 6;
        int[] sequence = new int[change];
        for (int i = 0; i < change; i++) {
            sequence[i] = i;
        }
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < change; i++) {
            int j = random.nextInt(change);
            int tmp = sequence[i];
            sequence[i] = sequence[j];
            sequence[j] = tmp;
        }
        for (int k : sequence) {
            System.out.println(k);
        }
    }
}

2.迷宫问题

对于走迷宫，人们提出过很多计算机上的解法。深度优先搜索、广度优先搜索是使用最广的方法。生活中，人们更愿意使用“紧贴墙壁，靠右行走”的简单规则。

package newExam;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class Maze {
    class Cell {
        private int row;
        private int col;
        private Cell from;

        public Cell(int row, int col, Cell from) {
            this.row = row;
            this.col = col;
            this.from = from;
        }
    }

    char[][] maze = {
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘B‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘A‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘.‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘ },
            { ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘, ‘#‘ } };

    // 打印整个迷宫
    public void show() {
        for (int i = 0; i < maze.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < maze[i].length; j++)
                System.out.print(" " + maze[i][j]);
                System.out.println();
        }
    }


    public Cell colorCell(Set<Cell> from, Set<Cell> dest) {
        Iterator<Cell> it = from.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Cell a = it.next();
            Cell[] c = new Cell[4];
            c[0] = new Cell(a.row - 1, a.col, a);
            c[1] = new Cell(a.row, a.col - 1, a);
            c[2] = new Cell(a.row + 1, a.col, a);
            c[3] = new Cell(a.row, a.col + 1, a);

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                if (c[i].row < 0 || c[i].row >= maze.length)
                    continue;
                if (c[i].col < 0 || c[i].col >= maze[0].length)
                    continue;

                char x = maze[c[i].row][c[i].col];
                if (x == ‘B‘)
                    return a;
                if (x == ‘.‘) {
                    maze[c[i].row][c[i].col] = ‘?‘;
                    dest.add(c[i]);//代码填空处
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public void resolve() {
        Set<Cell> set = new HashSet<Cell>();
        set.add(new Cell(9, 11, null));

        for (;;) {
            Set<Cell> set1 = new HashSet<Cell>();
            Cell a = colorCell(set, set1);
            if (a != null) {
                System.out.println("找到解！");
                while (a != null) {
                    maze[a.row][a.col] = ‘+‘;
                    a = a.from;// 代码填空处
                }
                break;
            }
            if (set1.isEmpty()) {
                System.out.println("无解！");
                break;
            }
            set = set1;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Maze m = new Maze();
        m.show();
        m.resolve();
        m.show();
    }
}

有两个填空的地方，从resolve方法 后面set=set1 可以知道，colorCell(Set<Cell> from, Set<Cell> dest)方法里并没有任何关于dest的赋值，那肯定缺一条关于dest的语句，还有from从头到尾都没用过，所以也是要填的。

整个的思路是，#是墙壁，点是路，调用resolve方法，从A出发，然后以A作为from（from可看成出发的起点），搜索上下左右的四个cell，遇到“.”就把他变为“？”，同时存入Set dest中,这样一直循环，那么所有的路都会成为“？”， 那最终找到B出口后，再一步步回溯，B的from是谁，是B下面那个点，B的下面那个点是哪里来的，是再下面那个，如果此时a为null了，那证明没有路了，无解，如果有，最后还是回到A这个点，回溯的同时，

maze[a.row][a.col] = ‘+‘ 标记了路线符号，这样就找到路线图了。

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java笔试题解析

标签：java   笔试   迷宫   

原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/iaiti/article/details/25459313