标签:custom metadata elf 反向 use make 多对多 lte 基类
orm英文全称object relational mapping,就是对象映射关系程序,简单来说我们类似python这种面向对象的程序来说一切皆对象,但是我们使用的数据库却都是关系型的,为了保证一致的使用习惯,通过orm将编程语言的对象模型和数据库的关系模型建立映射关系,这样我们在使用编程语言对数据库进行操作的时候可以直接使用编程语言的对象模型进行操作就可以了,而不用直接使用sql语言。
orm的优点:
缺点:
pip install SQLAlchemy pip install pymysql
连接数据库: MySQL-Python mysql+mysqldb://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname> pymysql mysql+pymysql://<username>:<password>@<host>/<dbname>[?<options>] MySQL-Connector mysql+mysqlconnector://<user>:<password>@<host>[:<port>]/<dbname> cx_Oracle oracle+cx_oracle://user:pass@host:port/dbname[?key=value&key=value...] 更多详见:http://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/latest/dialects/index.html
创建表:
import sqlalchemy from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column,Integer,String engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://cheng:123456@192.168.71.3/test_cheng‘, encoding = ‘utf-8‘,echo=True) Base = declarative_base() #生成基类 class User(Base): __tablename__ = ‘user‘ #表名 id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32)) password = Column(String(64)) Base.metadata.create_all(engine) #创建表结构
插入数据:
import sqlalchemy from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column,Integer,String from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://cheng:123456@192.168.71.3/test_cheng‘, encoding = ‘utf-8‘,echo=True) Base = declarative_base() class User(Base): __tablename__ = ‘user‘ id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32)) password = Column(String(64)) Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Session = Session_class() for i in range(10): user_obj = User(name=‘cheng%s‘%i,password=‘%s*321‘%i) Session.add(user_obj) Session.commit()
查询和修改数据:
import sqlalchemy from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column,Integer,String from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://cheng:123456@192.168.71.3/test_cheng‘, encoding = ‘utf-8‘) Base = declarative_base() class User(Base): __tablename__ = ‘user‘ id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32)) password = Column(String(64)) Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Session = Session_class() #1.first生成一个实例,而all生成一个实例列表: my_user = Session.query(User).filter_by(name=‘cheng77‘).first() print(my_user.id,my_user.name,my_user.password) my_user = Session.query(User).filter_by(name = ‘cheng78‘).all() for i in my_user: print(i.id,i.name,i.password) #2.filter_by不支持<,>,==,而filter支持<,>,==而且filter支持多条件查询: my_user = Session.query(User).filter(User.id < 29).filter(User.id > 13).all() for i in my_user: print(i.id,i.name,i.password) #3.修改数据: my_user = Session.query(User).filter_by(name=‘cheng77‘).first() my_user.name = ‘cheng77777‘ Session.commit() print(my_user.id,my_user.name,my_user.password) #4.回滚: <----插入数据----> Session.rollback() <----查询数据没有插入----> #5.统计和分组: conn = Session.query(User).filter(User.name.like(‘ch%‘)).count() print(conn) from sqlalchemy import func list_group = Session.query(func.count(User.name),User.name).group_by(User.name).all() for i in list_group: print(i) #6.将查询的数据可读: def __repr__(self): return "<User(name=‘%s‘, password=‘%s‘)>" % (self.name, self.password) #在User类里添加 my_user = Session.query(User.name,User.password).all() print(my_user)
from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column,String,Integer,ForeignKey,DATE from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,relationship from sqlalchemy import func engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://cheng:123456@192.168.71.3/test_cheng‘, encoding = ‘utf-8‘) Base = declarative_base() class Student(Base): __tablename__ = ‘student‘ id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32),nullable=False) data = Column(DATE,nullable=False) def __repr__(self): return ‘id:%s,name:%s‘%(self.id,self.name) class Study_record(Base): __tablename__ = ‘study_record‘ id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) day = Column(Integer,nullable=False) status = Column(String(32),nullable=False) stu_id = Column(Integer,ForeignKey(‘student.id‘)) #创建外键关联 student = relationship(‘Student‘,backref=‘my_study_record‘) #允许你在student表里通过backref字段反向查出study_record表里的字段。 def __repr__(self): #return ‘id:%s,day:%s,stu_id:%s‘%(self.id,self.day,self.stu_id) return ‘id:%s,day:%s,stu_id:%s‘ % (self.id, self.day, self.student.name) #通过self.student.name调出student表里name字段的值。 Base.metadata.create_all(engine) Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Session = Session_class() data = Session.query(Student).filter(Student.name==‘cheng‘).first() #查出name等于cheng的学生,再打印出Study_record类里repr的返回值。 print(data.my_study_record) # stu_obj = Student(name=‘cheng1‘,data = ‘2017-11-01‘) # record_obj = Study_record(day=2,status =‘yes‘,stu_id=3) #插入数据时先创建student表里的主键,在创建study_record的外键,因为有外键约束 # Session.add_all([record_obj]) # Session.commit()
from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import Column,String,Integer,ForeignKey,DATE from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker,relationship engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://cheng:123456@192.168.71.3/test_cheng?charset=utf8‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) Base = declarative_base() class Customer(Base): __tablename__ = ‘customer‘ id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32)) billing_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("address.id")) shipping_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("address.id")) billing_address = relationship("Address", foreign_keys=[billing_address_id]) shipping_address = relationship("Address", foreign_keys=[shipping_address_id]) class Address(Base): __tablename__ = ‘address‘ id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) street = Column(String(32)) city = Column(String(32)) state = Column(String(32)) Base.metadata.create_all(engine) Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine) Session = Session_class() #address_obj = Address(street =‘tongzhou1‘,city =‘beijing2‘,state=‘beijing3‘) address_obj = Address(street =‘通州‘,city =‘北京‘,state=‘北京‘) Session.add_all([address_obj]) customer_obj = Customer(name=‘chengll‘,billing_address=address_obj,shipping_address=address_obj) #通过以上关联,可以这样进行赋值 Session.add_all([customer_obj]) Session.commit()
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, Integer,String,DATE, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base from sqlalchemy import create_engine from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker engine = create_engine(‘mysql+pymysql://root:ccc949885111@192.168.71.3/cuichao?charset=utf8‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘) Base = declarative_base() book_m2m_author = Table(‘book_m2m_author‘, Base.metadata, Column(‘book_id‘,Integer,ForeignKey(‘books.id‘)), Column(‘author_id‘,Integer,ForeignKey(‘authors.id‘)), ) class Book(Base): __tablename__ = ‘books‘ id = Column(Integer,primary_key=True) name = Column(String(64)) pub_date = Column(DATE) authors = relationship(‘Author‘,secondary=book_m2m_author,backref=‘books‘) def __repr__(self): return self.name class Author(Base): __tablename__ = ‘authors‘ id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) name = Column(String(32)) def __repr__(self): return self.name Base.metadata.create_all(engine) Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine) # 创建与数据库的会话session class ,注意,这里返回给session的是个class,不是实例 s = Session_class() # 生成session实例 b1 = Book(name="跟Alex学Python") b2 = Book(name="跟Alex学把妹") b3 = Book(name="跟Alex学装逼") b4 = Book(name="跟Alex学开车") a1 = Author(name="Alex") a2 = Author(name="Jack") a3 = Author(name="Rain") b1.authors = [a1, a2] b2.authors = [a1, a2, a3] s.add_all([b1, b2, b3, b4, a1, a2, a3]) s.commit() # print(‘--------通过书表查关联的作者---------‘) # # book_obj = s.query(Book).filter_by(name="跟Alex学Python").first() # print(book_obj.name, book_obj.authors) # # print(‘--------通过作者表查关联的书---------‘) # author_obj = s.query(Author).filter_by(name="Alex").first() # print(author_obj.name, author_obj.books) # s.commit()
标签:custom metadata elf 反向 use make 多对多 lte 基类
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/chimeiwangliang/p/7269102.html