标签:com fine 对象引用 显示 接口 his 关系 不同 .com
封装的定义:
为什么需要封装:
举例:
public class Human { private int age; private String name; public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int age ) throws Exception { //封装age的检验逻辑,而不是暴露给每个调用者去处理 if( age > 120 ) { throw new Exception( "Invalid value of age" ); } this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName( String name ) { this.name = name; } }
Java的类可以分为三类:
在这三个类型之间存在如下关系:
继承以后子类可以得到什么:
关于构造函数:
类默认拥有无参构造函数,如果定义了其他有参构造函数,则无参函数失效,所以父类没有定义无参构造函数,不是指父类没有写无参构造函数。看下面的例子,父类为Human,子类为Programmer。
public class Human { //定义了有参构造函数,默认无参构造函数失效 public Human(String name) { } }
public class Programmer extends Human { public Programmer() { //如不显示调用,编译器会出现如下错误 //Implicit super constructor Human() is undefined. Must explicitly invoke another constructor super( "x" ); } }
为什么需要继承:
在了解多态之前,首先需要知道方法的唯一性标识即什么是相同/不同的方法:
何谓重载:
//重载的例子 public class Programmer extends Human { public void coding() throws Exception { } public void coding( String langType ) { } public String coding( String langType, String project ) { return ""; } }
//这不是重载,而是三个相同的方法,编译报错 public class Programmer extends Human { public void coding() throws Exception { } public void coding() { } public String coding() { return ""; } }
何谓覆盖/重写:
public class Human { public void coding( String langType ) { } }
public class Programmer extends Human { //此方法为覆盖/重写 public void coding( String langType ) { } //此方法为上面方法的重载 public void coding( String langType, String project ) { } }
覆盖/重写的规则:
理解了上述知识点,是时候定义多态了:
上例子:
class Human { public void showName() { System.out.println( "I am Human" ); } } //继承关系 class Doctor extends Human { //方法重写 public void showName() { System.out.println( "I am Doctor" ); } } class Programmer extends Human { public void showName() { System.out.println( "I am Programmer" ); } } public class Test { //向上转型 public Human humanFactory( String humanType ) { if( "doctor".equals( humanType ) ) { return new Doctor(); } if( "programmer".equals( humanType ) ) { return new Programmer(); } return new Human(); } public static void main( String args[] ) { Test test = new Test(); Human human = test.humanFactory( "doctor" ); human.showName();//Output:I am Doctor human = test.humanFactory( "programmer" ); human.showName();//Output:I am Programmer //一个接口的方法,表现出不同的形态,意即为多态也 } }
向上转型的缺憾:
总结概括:
稍微复杂的例子:
class Human { public void fun1() { System.out.println("Human fun1"); fun2(); } public void fun2() { System.out.println("Human fun2"); } } class Programmer extends Human { public void fun1(String name) { System.out.println("Programmer‘s fun1"); } public void fun2() { System.out.println("Programmer‘s fun2"); } } public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Human human = new Programmer(); human.fun1(); } /* * Output: * Human fun1 * Programmer‘s fun2 */ }
package test; class A { public void func() { System.out.println("func in A"); } } class B extends A { public void func() { System.out.println("func in B"); } } class C extends B { public void func() { System.out.println("func in B"); } } public class Bar { public void test(A a) { a.func(); System.out.println("test A in Bar"); } public void test(C c) { c.func(); System.out.println("test C in Bar"); } public static void main(String[] args) { Bar bar = new Bar(); A a = new A(); B b = new B(); C c = new C(); bar.test(a); bar.test(b); bar.test(c); /* func in A test A in Bar func in B test A in Bar func in B test C in Bar */ } }
标签:com fine 对象引用 显示 接口 his 关系 不同 .com
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/goldlong/p/7920620.html