python并发编程&协程

#串行执行
import time
def consumer(res):
    ‘‘‘任务1:接收数据,处理数据‘‘‘
    pass

def producer():
    ‘‘‘任务2:生产数据‘‘‘
    res=[]
    for i in range(10000000):
        res.append(i)
    return res

start=time.time()
#串行执行
res=producer()
consumer(res) #写成consumer(producer())会降低执行效率
stop=time.time()
print(stop-start) #1.5536692142486572



#基于yield并发执行
import time
def consumer():
    ‘‘‘任务1:接收数据,处理数据‘‘‘
    while True:
        x=yield

def producer():
    ‘‘‘任务2:生产数据‘‘‘
    g=consumer()
    next(g)
    for i in range(10000000):
        g.send(i)

start=time.time()
#基于yield保存状态,实现两个任务直接来回切换,即并发的效果
#PS:如果每个任务中都加上打印,那么明显地看到两个任务的打印是你一次我一次,即并发执行的.
producer()

stop=time.time()
print(stop-start) #2.0272178649902344

import time
def consumer():
    ‘‘‘任务1:接收数据,处理数据‘‘‘
    while True:
        x=yield

def producer():
    ‘‘‘任务2:生产数据‘‘‘
    g=consumer()
    next(g)
    for i in range(10000000):
        g.send(i)
        time.sleep(2)

start=time.time()
producer() #并发执行,但是任务producer遇到io就会阻塞住,并不会切到该线程内的其他任务去执行

stop=time.time()
print(stop-start)

from greenlet import greenlet

def eat(name):
    print(‘%s eat 1‘ %name)
    g2.switch(‘egon‘)
    print(‘%s eat 2‘ %name)
    g2.switch()
def play(name):
    print(‘%s play 1‘ %name)
    g1.switch()
    print(‘%s play 2‘ %name)

g1=greenlet(eat)
g2=greenlet(play)

g1.switch(‘egon‘)#可以在第一次switch时传入参数，以后都不需要
复制代码
单纯的切换（在没有io的情况下或者没有重复开辟内存空间的操作），反而会降低程序的执行速度


复制代码
#顺序执行
import time
def f1():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res+=i

def f2():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res*=i

start=time.time()
f1()
f2()
stop=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop-start)) #10.985628366470337

#切换
from greenlet import greenlet
import time
def f1():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res+=i
        g2.switch()

def f2():
    res=1
    for i in range(100000000):
        res*=i
        g1.switch()

start=time.time()
g1=greenlet(f1)
g2=greenlet(f2)
g1.switch()
stop=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop-start)) # 52.763017892837524

from gevent import spawn,joinall,monkey;monkey.patch_all()

import time
def task(pid):
    """
    Some non-deterministic task
    """
    time.sleep(0.5)
    print(‘Task %s done‘ % pid)


def synchronous():
    for i in range(10):
        task(i)

def asynchronous():
    g_l=[spawn(task,i) for i in range(10)]
    joinall(g_l)

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    print(‘Synchronous:‘)
    synchronous()

    print(‘Asynchronous:‘)
    asynchronous()
#上面程序的重要部分是将task函数封装到Greenlet内部线程的gevent.spawn。 初始化的greenlet列表存放在数组threads中，此数组被传给gevent.joinall 函数，后者阻塞当前流程，并执行所有给定的greenlet。执行流程只会在 所有greenlet执行完后才会继续向下走。

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
import requests
import time

def get_page(url):
    print(‘GET: %s‘ %url)
    response=requests.get(url)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print(‘%d bytes received from %s‘ %(len(response.text),url))


start_time=time.time()
gevent.joinall([
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://www.python.org/‘),
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://www.yahoo.com/‘),
    gevent.spawn(get_page,‘https://github.com/‘),
])
stop_time=time.time()
print(‘run time is %s‘ %(stop_time-start_time))

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()
from socket import *
import gevent

#如果不想用money.patch_all()打补丁,可以用gevent自带的socket
# from gevent import socket
# s=socket.socket()

def server(server_ip,port):
    s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    s.setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET,SO_REUSEADDR,1)
    s.bind((server_ip,port))
    s.listen(5)
    while True:
        conn,addr=s.accept()
        gevent.spawn(talk,conn,addr)

def talk(conn,addr):
    try:
        while True:
            res=conn.recv(1024)
            print(‘client %s:%s msg: %s‘ %(addr[0],addr[1],res))
            conn.send(res.upper())
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
    finally:
        conn.close()

if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    server(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080)

from socket import *

client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect((‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))


while True:
    msg=input(‘>>: ‘).strip()
    if not msg:continue

    client.send(msg.encode(‘utf-8‘))
    msg=client.recv(1024)
    print(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘))

from threading import Thread
from socket import *
import threading

def client(server_ip,port):
    c=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) #套接字对象一定要加到函数内，即局部名称空间内，放在函数外则被所有线程共享，则大家公用一个套接字对象，那么客户端端口永远一样了
    c.connect((server_ip,port))

    count=0
    while True:
        c.send((‘%s say hello %s‘ %(threading.current_thread().getName(),count)).encode(‘utf-8‘))
        msg=c.recv(1024)
        print(msg.decode(‘utf-8‘))
        count+=1
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
    for i in range(500):
        t=Thread(target=client,args=(‘127.0.0.1‘,8080))
        t.start()