唯一标识码这东西在网络应用中非常有用,例如检测是否重复注册之类的。
import 
android.provider.Settings.Secure;
private String android_id = 
Secure.getString(getContext().getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
我们在项目过程中或多或少会使用到设备的唯一识别码,我们希望能够得到一个稳定、可靠的设备唯一识别码。今天我们将介绍几种方式。
1. DEVICE_ID
假设我们确实需要用到真实设备的标识,可能就需要用到DEVICE_ID。在以前,我们的Android设备是手机,这个DEVICE_ID可以同通过TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()获取,它根据不同的手机设备返回IMEI,MEID或者ESN码,但它在使用的过程中会遇到很多问题:
- 非手机设备: 如果只带有Wifi的设备或者音乐播放器没有通话的硬件功能的话就没有这个DEVICE_ID
- 权限: 获取DEVICE_ID需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限,但如果我们只为了获取它,没有用到其他的通话功能,那这个权限有点大才小用
- bug:在少数的一些手机设备上,该实现有漏洞,会返回垃圾,如:zeros或者asterisks的产品
2. MAC ADDRESS
我们也可以通过手机的Wifi或者蓝牙设备获取MAC ADDRESS作为DEVICE ID,但是并不建议这么做,因为并不是所有的设备都有Wifi,并且,如果Wifi没有打开,那硬件设备无法返回MAC ADDRESS.
3. Serial Number
在Android 2.3可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取,非手机设备可以通过该接口获取。
4. ANDROID_IDANDROID_ID是设备第一次启动时产生和存储的64bit的一个数,当设备被wipe后该数重置
ANDROID_ID似乎是获取Device ID的一个好选择,但它也有缺陷:
- 它在Android <=2.1 or Android >=2.3的版本是可靠、稳定的,但在2.2的版本并不是100%可靠的
- 在主流厂商生产的设备上,有一个很经常的bug,就是每个设备都会产生相同的ANDROID_ID:9774d56d682e549c
5. Installtion ID : UUID
以上四种方式都有或多或少存在的一定的局限性或者bug,在这里,有另外一种方式解决,就是使用UUID,该方法无需访问设备的资源,也跟设备类型无关。
这种方式是通过在程序安装后第一次运行后生成一个ID实现的,但该方式跟设备唯一标识不一样,它会因为不同的应用程序而产生不同的ID,而不是设备唯一ID。因此经常用来标识在某个应用中的唯一ID(即Installtion ID),或者跟踪应用的安装数量。很幸运的,Google Developer Blog提供了这样的一个框架:
public class Installation {
    private static String sID = 
null;
    private static final String INSTALLATION = 
"INSTALLATION";
    public synchronized static String id(Context context) 
{
        if (sID == null) 
{  
            
File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), 
INSTALLATION);
            
try 
{
                
if 
(!installation.exists())
                    
writeInstallationFile(installation);
                
sID = 
readInstallationFile(installation);
            
} catch (Exception e) 
{
                
throw new 
RuntimeException(e);
            
}
        
}
        return 
sID;
    }
    private static String readInstallationFile(File 
installation) throws IOException {
        
RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, 
"r");
        byte[] bytes = new 
byte[(int) f.length()];
        
f.readFully(bytes);
        
f.close();
        return new 
String(bytes);
    }
    private static void writeInstallationFile(File 
installation) throws IOException {
        
FileOutputStream out = new 
FileOutputStream(installation);
        
String id = 
UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        
out.write(id.getBytes());
        
out.close();
    }
}
总结
综合以上所述,为了实现在设备上更通用的获取设备唯一标识,我们可以实现这样的一个类,为每个设备产生唯一的UUID,以ANDROID_ID为基础,在获取失败时以TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()为备选方法,如果再失败,使用UUID的生成策略。
重申下,以下方法是生成Device ID,在大多数情况下Installtion ID能够满足我们的需求,但是如果确实需要用到Device ID,那可以通过以下方式实现:
import android.content.Context;
import 
android.content.SharedPreferences;
import 
android.provider.Settings.Secure;
import 
android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.UUID;
public class DeviceUuidFactory {
    protected static final 
String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";
    protected static 
final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
protected static UUID uuid;
public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {
        if( uuid ==null ) 
{
            
synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) 
{
                
if( uuid == null) 
{
                    
final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREFS_FILE, 
0);
                    
final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null );
                    
if (id != null) 
{
                        
// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the prefs 
file
                        
uuid = UUID.fromString(id);
} else {
final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);
                        
// Use the Android ID unless it‘s broken, in which case fallback on 
deviceId,
                        
// unless it‘s not available, then fallback on a random number which we 
store
                        
// to a prefs 
file
                        
try 
{
                            
if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) 
{
                                
uuid = 
UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));
                            
} else 
{
                                
final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService( 
Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE 
)).getDeviceId();
                                
uuid = deviceId!=null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : 
UUID.randomUUID();
                            
}
                        
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) 
{
                            
throw new 
RuntimeException(e);
                        
}
                        
// Write the value out to the prefs 
file
                        
prefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString() ).commit();
}
                
}
            
}
        }
}
    /**
     * Returns a unique 
UUID for the current android device.  As with all UUIDs, this unique ID is 
"very highly likely"
     * to be unique across all 
Android devices.  Much more so than ANDROID_ID 
is.
     *
     * The UUID is 
generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, falling back 
on
     * TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is 
known to be incorrect, and finally falling back
     * on 
a random UUID that‘s persisted to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not 
return a
     * usable value.
     
*
     * In some rare circumstances, this ID may 
change.  In particular, if the device is factory reset a new device 
ID
     * may be generated.  In addition, if a user 
upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android 
2.2
     * to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the 
device ID may change.  Or, if a user uninstalls your app 
on
     * a device that has neither a proper Android ID 
nor a Device ID, this ID may change on 
reinstallation.
     *
     * Note 
that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), the 
resulting ID will NOT
     * change after a factory 
reset.  Something to be aware of.
     
*
     * Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many 
devices when using ANDROID_ID directly.
     
*
     * @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603
     
*
     * @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely 
identify your device for most purposes.
     
*/
    public UUID getDeviceUuid() 
{
        return 
uuid;
    }
}
代码: 这里是你在Android里读出 唯一的 IMSI-ID / IMEI-ID 的方法。 
Java: 
String 
myIMSI = 
android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMSI); 
// 
within my emulator it returns: 310995000000000 
String myIMEI = 
android.os.SystemProperties.get(android.telephony.TelephonyProperties.PROPERTY_IMEI); 
// 
within my emulator it returns: 
000000000000000 
 
        