1、简述
LinkedHashMap是HashMap的子类,他们最大的不同是,HashMap内部维护的是一个单向的链表数组,而LinkedHashMap内部维护的是一个双向的链表数组。HashMap是无序的,LinkedHashMap可以根据访问顺序或者插入顺序进行排序(默认是根据插入顺序的,当设置accessOrder为true时会按照访问顺序排序),当按照访问顺序排序的时候,每次get或put操作时,都会将该节点放到链表的末尾
2、实现
1、数据结构:
LinkedHashMap是HashMap的子类,它的内部同样是使用了hashMap定义的链表数组存储的数据。只不过在HashMap中使用的是单想链表Node<k,v>作为每个节点,而LinkedHashMap使用了集成了HashMap.Node<k,v>的双向链表Entry<k,v>来作为每个节点,Entry<k,v>在Node<k,v>的基础上增加了Entry<K,V> before, after两个属性,将数组中的前后元素关联起来,这样的实现也为LinkedHashMap根据插入顺序或访问顺序提供了可能
2、构造方法:
LinkedHashMap是HashMap的子类,它提供了五种构造方法,
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { super(initialCapacity, loadFactor); accessOrder = false; } public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) { super(initialCapacity); accessOrder = false; } public LinkedHashMap() { super(); accessOrder = false; } public LinkedHashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) { super(); accessOrder = false; putMapEntries(m, false); } public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean accessOrder) { super(initialCapacity, loadFactor); this.accessOrder = accessOrder; }
从以上我们可以看出,前面四中构造方法都是默认的accessOrder=false,即按找插入顺序排序,第五种构造方法我们可以自己定义accessOrder的值,当为true时,说明是按照访问顺序排序的,每次put或get操作的时候都会将元素移到链表的末尾
3、LinkedHashMap操作
由于LinkedHashMap继承了HashMap类,而且并没有重写put,get等方法,所以在这里对于LinkedHashMap的基础操作的源码就不再分析,感兴趣的可以参考上一篇关于HashMap的学习笔记。在这里重点看一下LinkedHashMap提供的removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest)方法
/** * Returns <tt>true</tt> if this map should remove its eldest entry. * This method is invoked by <tt>put</tt> and <tt>putAll</tt> after * inserting a new entry into the map. It provides the implementor * with the opportunity to remove the eldest entry each time a new one * is added. This is useful if the map represents a cache: it allows * the map to reduce memory consumption by deleting stale entries. * * <p>Sample use: this override will allow the map to grow up to 100 * entries and then delete the eldest entry each time a new entry is * added, maintaining a steady state of 100 entries. * <pre> * private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 100; * * protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry eldest) { * return size() > MAX_ENTRIES; * } * </pre> * * <p>This method typically does not modify the map in any way, * instead allowing the map to modify itself as directed by its * return value. It <i>is</i> permitted for this method to modify * the map directly, but if it does so, it <i>must</i> return * <tt>false</tt> (indicating that the map should not attempt any * further modification). The effects of returning <tt>true</tt> * after modifying the map from within this method are unspecified. * * <p>This implementation merely returns <tt>false</tt> (so that this * map acts like a normal map - the eldest element is never removed). * * @param eldest The least recently inserted entry in the map, or if * this is an access-ordered map, the least recently accessed * entry. This is the entry that will be removed it this * method returns <tt>true</tt>. If the map was empty prior * to the <tt>put</tt> or <tt>putAll</tt> invocation resulting * in this invocation, this will be the entry that was just * inserted; in other words, if the map contains a single * entry, the eldest entry is also the newest. * @return <tt>true</tt> if the eldest entry should be removed * from the map; <tt>false</tt> if it should be retained. */ protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<K,V> eldest) { return false; }
这个方法就是判断是否需要删除LinkedHashMap中最旧的元素,默认是false的。当我们需要利用hashmap做一些数据的缓存,可能有的数据是使用了一两次之后就失去了价值,此外我们也不想看到缓存的map无限的增长又不想自己手动的去维护这个map。此时我们就可以使用LinkedHashMap来完成这个功能;
public class Demo { static class MyMap<k,v> extends LinkedHashMap<k,v>{ //定义一个继承LinkedHashMap的类,并重写removeEldestEntry方法 int size; public MyMap (int size){ //只提供一个有参的构造方法,用来设置map的大小 /* * 这里调用的是LinkedHashMap的LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,boolean accessOrder) * 构造方法,设置按访问顺序排序 */ super(16,0.75f,true); this.size = size; } @Override protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Entry<k, v> eldest) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return this.size<size(); //设置当map里面存放的元素超过MyMap设置的size时就删除最老的元素 } } public static void main(String[] args) { Map<String,String> map = new MyMap<String,String>(5); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { map.put(i+"", i+""); System.out.print(i+"="+map.size()+"\t"); } System.out.println(); //遍历map看看里面的元素 map.forEach((k,v)->{ System.out.println("k="+k); }); //此时访问一下里面的元素,再观察遍历后的顺序 map.get("6");map.get("8"); System.out.println("========================"); map.forEach((k,v)->{ System.out.println("k="+k); }); } }
打印的结果:
0=1 1=2 2=3 3=4 4=5 5=5 6=5 7=5 8=5 9=5
k=5
k=6
k=7
k=8
k=9
========================
k=5
k=7
k=9
k=6
k=8
总结:
在学完LinkedHashMap和HashMap之后我们会发现,这两种集合类是非常相似的,二者都是通过内部数组去保存数据的,不同的是HashMap数组中的每个元素都是一个单向的链表,指向了产生hash冲突时和它本身具有相同hash值的元素,所以HashMap只能是无序的。LinkedHashMap中数组里面的每一个元素都是一个双向链表,它不仅指向了产生hash冲突时下一个跟它本身具有相同hash值的位置,还指定了它的上一个和下一个元素(可以是插入顺序的上一个下一个,也可以试访问顺序的上一个下一个),这样为LinkedHashMap实现有序提供了可能