参考：https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition（官网）
当zabbix监控的服务器数量越来越多，就会报“Zabbix housekeeper processes more than 75% busy”这个错误
机器数量多的时候，mysql里面的history表就会越来越大，虽然zabbix本身有删除功能（就是那个housekeeper的功能），但这东西太影响性能，所以网上的做法都是关闭这个东西，用mysql的表分区功能来实现清理历史数据还可以提升mysql的性能
修改表索引
zabbix3.2以上版本跳过此步骤
mysql> Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id); Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.71 sec) Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql>
创建存储过程
增加分区的存储过程：
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
*/
/*
Verify that the partition does not already exist
*/
DECLARE RETROWS INT;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
IF RETROWS = 0 THEN
/*
1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
2. Create the SQL to create the partition.
3. Execute the SQL from #2.
*/
SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;删除分区的存储过程
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/*
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
*/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
/*
Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with
a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
*/
DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT partition_name
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;
/*
Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create
@drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
should be deleted.
*/
SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
SET @drop_partitions = "";
/*
Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
*/
OPEN myCursor;
read_loop: LOOP
FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
IF done THEN
LEAVE read_loop;
END IF;
SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
END LOOP;
IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
/*
1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
*/
SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
ELSE
/*
No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
that no changes were made.
*/
SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;维护分区的存储过程
DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT) BEGIN DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16); DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT; DECLARE CUR_TIME INT; CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL); SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00')); SET @__interval = 1; create_loop: LOOP IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF; SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600); SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00'); IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP); END IF; SET @__interval=@__interval+1; SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME; END LOOP; SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000'); CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE); END$$ DELIMITER ;
检查分区、创建第一个分区的存储过程
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
/*
* Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
*/
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
FROM information_schema.partitions
WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
/*
* If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table
*/
IF RETROWS = 1 THEN
/*
* Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values.
* We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don't want to generate a random partition
* that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
* end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
*/
SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
-- Create the partitioning query
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");
-- Run the partitioning query
PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
EXECUTE STMT;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;将上面4个存储过程语句写到一个sql文件里，partition_call.sql
执行：mysql -uzabbix -p'zabbix' zabbix < partition_call.sql
使用存储过程
语法：
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)zabbix_db_name：库名
table_name：表名
days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的数据
hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一个分区
num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少个分区
例如：
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 7, 24, 7);
这个例子就是history表最多保存7天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成7个分区
统一调用存储过程：
DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) BEGIN CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14); END$$ DELIMITER ;
将这条语句保存成sql文件 partition_all.sql，再次导入存储过程
mysql -uzabbix -p'zabbix' zabbix < partition_all.sql
计划任务每天调用一次：
注意：
若数据量比较大，首次执行的时间较长，请使用nohup执行（我当时执行了15个小时左右，这期间zabbix是无法正常工作的，获取的agent数据不展示,但数据不会丢失）
nohup time mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" &> /tmp/file.txt &
后面只需要调用这个存储过程就可以了，每天执行一次：
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"
# crontab -e
0 1 * * * /data/tools/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"关闭Housekeeper自维护功能
原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/732233048/2055397
