Python3.x：requests的用法
1，requests 比 urllib.request 容错能力更强；
2，通常用法：
（1）.认证、状态码、header、编码、json
r = requests.get(‘https://api.github.com/user‘, auth=(‘user‘, ‘pass‘)) r.status_code r.headers[‘content-type‘] 输出：‘application/json; charset=utf8‘ r.encoding 输出：‘utf-8‘ r.text 输出：u‘{"type":"User"...‘ r.json() 输出：{u‘private_gists‘: 419, u‘total_private_repos‘: 77, ...}
（2）.发起请求
import requests URL="http://www.bsdmap.com/" # r = requests.get(URL) # r = requests.post(URL) # r = requests.put(URL) # r = requests.delete(URL) # r = requests.head(URL) # r = requests.options(URL)
（3）.通过URL传递参数
payload = {‘key1‘: ‘value1‘, ‘key2‘: ‘value2‘}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print r.url
输出：u‘http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1‘
（4）.返回内容
import requests r = requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json‘) r.text 输出：‘[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/... r.encoding 输出：‘utf-8‘ r.encoding = ‘ISO-8859-1‘
（5）.二进制内容
r.content 输出：b‘[{"repository":{"open_issues":0,"url":"https://github.com/... from PIL import Image from StringIO import StringIO i = Image.open(StringIO(r.content))
（6）.JSON
import requests r = requests.get(‘https://github.com/timeline.json‘) r.json() 输出：[{u‘repository‘: {u‘open_issues‘: 0, u‘url‘: ‘https://github.com/...
（7）.超时
requests.get(‘http://github.com‘, timeout=0.001)
（8）.自定义header
import json url = ‘https://api.github.com/some/endpoint‘ payload = {‘some‘: ‘data‘} headers = {‘content-type‘: ‘application/json‘} r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload), headers=headers)
官方文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/
