Str内部功能简介
1,pitalize(self): 将字符串首字母变成大写
s = ‘hello‘
result = s.capitalize()
print(result) 结果: Hello
2,casefold(self): 见字符串变成小写
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.casefold()
print(result) 结果:hello
3,center(self, width, fillchar=None):经字符串居中,默认用空格填充
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.center(20,‘*‘)
print(result) 结果: *******HELLO********
4, count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): 统计一个字符在字符串中出现的次数,并且可以指定起,末位置。
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.count(‘L‘)
print(result) 结果: 2
5, endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None):判断一个字符串是否已某个字符或者字符串结尾, 并且可以指定起,末位置。
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.endswith(‘LO‘)
result1 = s.endswith(‘LX‘)
print(result) 结果:True
print(result1) 结果:False
6, expandtabs(self, tabsize=8):将字符串中的tab键用空格代替,默认8个空格
s = ‘HELLO\tWORLD!‘
result = s.expandtabs()
result1 = s.expandtabs(20)
print(result) 结果: HELLO WORLD!
print(result1) 结果: HELLO WORLD!
7, find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): 在一个字符串中查找一个字符或者字符串,如果找到返回下标,如果找不到返回-1
s = ‘HELLOWORLDHELLO!‘
result = s.find(‘LO‘)
result1 = s.find(‘LX‘) print(result) 结果:3
print(result1) 结果:-1
8, index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): 在一个字符串中查找一个字符或者字符串,如果找到返回下标,如果找不到抛异常(报错)
s = ‘HELLOWORLDHELLO!‘
result = s.index(‘LO‘)
print(result) 结果:3
s = ‘HELLOWORLDHELLO!‘
result1 = s.index(‘LX‘)
print(result1) 如下结果: 报错内容
Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:/python/test2.py", line 3, in <module>
result1 = s.index(‘LX‘)
ValueError: substring not found
9, format(self, *args, **kwargs):字符串格式化
s = ‘flowers‘
print(‘This is {} !‘.format(s))
print(‘This is {0} flowers, That is {1} flowers‘.format(‘red‘,‘yellow‘))
print(‘Two colour {name} and {name1}‘.format(name1 = ‘yellow‘, name = ‘red‘))
结果:
This is flowers !
This is red flowers, That is yellow flowers
Two colour red and yellow
10, isalnum(self):判断一个字符串是否仅是由数字和字母组成
s = ‘flowers12‘
s1 = ‘flowers12!!‘
result = s.isalnum()
result1 = s1.isalnum()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
11, isalpha(self): 判断一个字符串是否仅由字母组成
s = ‘flowers‘
s1 = ‘flowers12‘
result = s.isalpha()
result1 = s1.isalpha()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
12, isdigit(self):判断一个字符串是否是数字:
s = ‘1223‘
s1 = ‘flowers12‘
result = s.isdigit()
result1 = s1.isdigit()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
13, isdecimal(self):判断一个字符串是否是十进制数
s = ‘1223‘
s1 = ‘0x1223‘
result = s.isdecimal()
result1 = s1.isdecimal()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
14, isidentifier(self):判断一个标识符是否合法
s = ‘12hello‘
s1 = ‘hello‘
result = s.isidentifier()
result1 = s1.isidentifier()
print(result) 结果: False
print(result1) 结果: True
15, islower(self): 判断一个字符串是否是小写。
s = ‘Hello‘
s1 = ‘hello‘
result = s.islower()
result1 = s1.islower()
print(result) 结果: False
print(result1) 结果: True
16, isidentifier(self):判断一个字符串是否只有数字
s = ‘1256‘
s1 = ‘test1256‘
result = s.isnumeric()
result1 = s1.isnumeric()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
17,isspace(self): 判断字符串是否是空格
s = ‘ ‘
s1 = ‘test 1256‘
result = s.isspace()
result1 = s1.isspace()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
18,istitle(self):判断一个字符串是否为标题
s = ‘Hello World‘
s1 = ‘hello world‘
result = s.istitle()
result1 = s1.istitle()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
19,isupper(self):判断字符串是否为大写
s = ‘HELLO‘
s1 = ‘Hello‘
result = s.isupper()
result1 = s1.isupper()
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
20,join(self, iterable):用字符串将参数(interable)分割
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.join(‘xxx**‘)
print(result) 结果: xHELLOxHELLOxHELLO*HELLO*
21, ljust(self, width, fillchar=None) and rjust(self, width, fillchar=None) 从左或者从右用指定字符填充指定宽度
s = ‘HELLO‘
result = s.ljust(12,‘*‘)
result1 = s.rjust(12,‘*‘)
print(result) 结果: HELLO*******
print(result1) 结果: *******HELLO
21, lower(self) and upper(self):将字符串变成小写 and 变成大写
s = ‘HELLOworld‘
result = s.lower()
result1 = s.upper()
print(result) 结果: helloworld
print(result1) 结果: HELLOWORLD
22, lstrip(self, chars=None) and rstrip(self, chars=None):从左边或者右边移除指定的字符
s = ‘HELLOworld‘
result = s.lstrip(‘HE‘)
result1 = s.rstrip(‘ld‘)
print(result ) 结果: LLOworld
print(result1) 结果: HELLOwor
23,partition(self, sep): 将一个字符串按照指定的字符分割成一个元组
s = ‘HELLOworld‘
result = s.partition(‘wo‘)
result1 = s.partition(‘ss‘)
print(result) 结果: (‘HELLO‘, ‘wo‘, ‘rld‘)
print(result1) 结果: (‘HELLOworld‘, ‘‘, ‘‘)
24, replace(self, old, new, count=None):用新的字符替代老的字符,count指定替代个数,默认全部替代
s = ‘hello word door‘
result = s.replace(‘o‘,‘T‘)
result1 = s.replace(‘o‘,‘T‘,2)
print(result) 结果: hellT wTrd dTTr
print(result1) 结果: hellT wTrd door
25,split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): 将一个字符串用指点的字符分割成一个列表,指定的字符自动去除。
s = ‘helloworddoor‘
result = s.split(‘o‘)
print(result) 结果: [‘hell‘, ‘w‘, ‘rdd‘, ‘‘, ‘r‘]
26,splitlines(self, keepends=None):,将一个字符串按照行分割成一个列表
s = ‘‘‘
this is a cat
that is a dog
‘‘‘
result = s.splitlines()
print(result) 结果: [‘‘, ‘this is a cat‘, ‘that is a dog‘, ‘‘]
27,startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): 判断一个字符串是否以指导的字符结尾。
s = ‘helloworld‘
result = s.startswith(‘he‘)
result1 = s.startswith(‘el‘)
print(result) 结果: True
print(result1) 结果: False
28, swapcase(self):将一个字符串大小写转换
s = ‘HELLOworld‘
result = s.swapcase()
print(result) 结果: helloWORLD
29,title(self):将一个字符串转化为标题
s = ‘this is a buautiful flowers‘
result = s.title()
print(result) 结果: This Is A Buautiful Flowers
30,maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs) and maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): 用映射的形势替换对应字符,最后一个参数是去除该字符。